Post on 08-Aug-2018
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Present Simple
Positive Verb example Negative Verb exampleIYou
WeThey
work.
IYou
WeThey
dont (do not
!e"heIt
works.!e"heIt
doesnt (doesnot
work.
Question Verb example Short answer
#o
Iyouwe
they
#oesheshe$t
work%
Yes&
'o&
Iyouwe
they
do.
dont.
Yes&
'o&
heshe$t
does.
doesnt.
Use Examplesong)term s$tuat$ons I l$*e $n +adr$d.
Where does she work%!ab$ts and rout$nes I tra*el to work by car.
!ow o,ten do you play gol,%-eel$ngs and op$n$ons "he doesnt l$ke her work.
I agree w$th you.-acts The ourney takes /0 m$nutes.
It costs 1 23.
Question words
Wheredo you l$*e% In Rome.Whatdo you do at weekends% I usually play gol,.
Whendo they take the$r hol$day% In 4uly or 5ugust.Whichmaga6$ne does 4ames wr$te ,or% W$ne and #$ne.Howdo you tra*el to work% 7y car.How oftendo you make bus$ness tr$ps% 5bout tw$ce a month.Whosebook $s th$s% Its m$ne.Who(*Whom do you *$s$t $n ondon% I *$s$t my s$ster.Whoarr$*es at work ,$rst% 5nna does.
* Whom$s *ery ,ormal& and $s not used *ery o,ten.
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Present Continuous
Positive Verb example NegativeVerbexample
I m (am
!e"heIt
s ($s
YouWeThey
re (are
work$ng.
I m not (am
not!e"heIt
$snt ($s not
YouWeThey
arent (are not
work$ng.
Positive Verb example Short answer5m IIs he
she$t5re you
wethey
work$ng%
Yes&'o&
Iam.m not.
Yes&'o& heshe$t
$s.$snt.
Yes&'o&
youwethey
are.arent.
Use Examples5ct$ons happen$ng now !es talk$ng on the phone at the moment.
Theyre ha*$ng lunch w$th a customer.Temporary s$tuat$ons or act$ons 4eans are sell$ng well th$s season.
Im not tra*ell$ng on bus$ness th$s month.
Wh$ch hotel are you stay$ng at%
) 5 d$ct$onary tells you when the ,$nal consonant doubles (tra*el& tra*ell$ng& andwhen we lea*e out the ,$nal e (make& mak$ng.
Past Simple
Positive NegativeIYou!e
"heItWeThey
started
rang8 yesterday
IYou!e
"heItWeThey
d$dnt (d$d
not
"tart
r$ng8 yesterday.
Question Short answer
#$d
IYou!e"heItWeThey
start r$ng8 yesterday%
Yes&
'o&
IYou!e"heItWeThey
d$d.
d$dnt.
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8 "ee the l$st o, $rregular *erbs on page 2:.
Use Examples-$n$shed s$tuat$ons and act$ons $n the past I l$*ed $n Rome ,or two years.
!e ,lew to 5mer$ca last week.
They d$dnt come to the party.Where d$d you spend your last hol$day%
) We o,ten use the ;ast "$mple w$th ,$n$shed t$me phrases l$ke yesterday& last week& anhour ago.
) Regular *erbs $n the ;ast "$mple end $n "tudystudied
Worryworried
Trytried
) When the $n,$n$t$*e ends $n a @ d @ or a @ t @ sound& we pronounce the
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Use ExamplesWe use thana,ter a comparat$*e adect$*e. ondon $s b$gger than;ar$s.
Muchcan come be,ore the comparat$*e toadd emphas$s.
!e $s much younger than h$s brother.Tokyo $s much more expens$*e than Rome.
We use the be,ore a superlat$*e adect$*e. ?amary Whar, $s the tallest bu$ld$ng $n
ondon.5sA as shows someth$ng $s the same oreBual.
=reece $s as sunny as "pa$n.I am as happy as you are.
'ot asA as shows someth$ng $snt thesame or eBual.
Italy $snt as b$g as -rance.
) Cne syllable adect$*es end$ng w$th one *owel and a consonant double theconsonantD
5dect$*e ?omparat$*e "uperlat$*e7$g 7$gger 7$ggest
-at -atter ,attest
) Th$s doesnt happen when the consonant $s
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some+ an$+ a lot of+ much+ man$
some
Use Examples
W$th mass and count nouns $n pos$t$*esentencesIn o,,ers and reBuests
I bought some tea."he made some appo$ntments.Would you l$ke some co,,ee%?ould I ha*e some $n,ormat$on%
an$
Use ExamplesW$th mass and count nouns $n negat$*esentences $n Buest$ons
I d$dnt buy any apples.!e d$dnt spend any money.#$d they g$*e you any help%
#o you ha*e any Buest$ons%
a lot of lots of
Use ExamplesW$th mass and count nouns $n pos$t$*esentences
Theres a lot o, tra,,$c today.There are a lot o, cars $n the c$ty centre.ots o, people go ogg$ng $n the park.
much
Use ExamplesW$th mass nouns $n negat$*e sentences&and $n Buest$ons
We ha*ent got much luggage.I dont ha*e much t$me.!ow much paper do you need%
man$
Use ExamplesW$th count nouns $n negat$*e sentences&and $n Buest$ons
We ha*ent got many su$tcases."he d$dnt ha*e many meet$ngs.!ow many people d$d you $n*$te%
In pos$t$*e sentences +any people are on hol$day th$s week.
) In pos$t$*e sentences& a lot of / lots of$s more common than many.
) We can use a lot of / lots of$n negat$*e sentences and $n Buest$ons.
)Lots of$s mostly used $n $n,ormal spoken Engl$sh.
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Present Perfect Simple
PositiveVerbexamples
NegativeVerbexamples
I
YouWeThey
*e (ha*e
!e"heIt
s (has
arr$*ed.begun.
I
YouWeThey
ha*ent(ha*e not
!e"heIt
hasnt (hasnot
arr$*ed.begun.
Question Verbexamples
Short answer Verbexamples
!a*e
I
youwethey
!as
heshe$t
arr$*ed%begun%
Yes&
'o&
I
youwethey
ha*e.
ha*ent.
Yes&
'o&
heshe$t
has.
hasnt.
Use Examples-$n$shed exper$ences $n your l$,e up tonow
"hes l$*ed $n ?h$na and 4apan.!es had exper$ence o, market$ng
!a*e you e*er been to 7ra6$l%Recent s$tuat$ons and act$ons $n a t$me upto now
We*e reduced pr$ces.?orporate bus$ness has $ncreaseds$gn$,$cantly.!a*e you had a hol$day th$s year%
"$tuat$ons that started $n the past and st$llcont$nue
!es been an arch$tect s$nce 2FF9."hes had a translat$on agency ,or tenyears.!ow long ha*e you known her%
;ast act$ons $n a t$me up to now where weg$*e the Buant$ty
"hes des$gned a lot o, ,ash$on $tems ,or7urberrys.
!ow many letters ha*e you wr$tten%
) gone to or been to%5nns goneto 'ew York& means shes $n 'ew York now& or shes on her way there.5nns %eento 'ew York& means shes not $n 'ew York now. !er *$s$t $s o*er.
) contracted ,ormsIn spoken Engl$sh& we usually say I,ve& you,re& he,s& etc.In ,ormal& wr$tten Engl$sh we normally use I have& you have& he has& etc.
) -or $n,ormat$on on yet& ust& already& see page //. "ee =rammar t$mel$nes on page /:.
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Present Perfect Continuous
Positive NegativeIYou
WeThey
*e (ha*e
!e"heIt
s (has
beenwork$ng.
IYou
WeThey
ha*ent
(ha*e not
!e"heIt
hasnt (hasnot
beenwork$ng.
Question Short answer
!a*e
Iyouwe
they
!as
heshe$t
been
work$ng%
Yes&
'o&
Iyouwe
they
ha*e.
ha*ent.
Yes&
'o&
heshe$t
has.
hasnt.
Use Examples5ct$ons that began $n the past andcont$nue to the present
We*e been produc$ng pens s$nce the 2FG0s.!es been l$*$ng here ,or ,$*e years.!ow long ha*e you been learn$ng Engl$sh%
5ct$ons that began $n the past and ha*e
ust stopped
You look *ery t$red. !a*e you been work$ng%
Im hot because I*e been runn$ng.
) The ;resent ;er,ect ?ont$nuous and "$mple are s$m$lar $n mean$ng. The ,orm we useo,ten depends on whether we are more $nterested $n the act$on or $ts result.I,ve %een fixingthe car. (+y hands are d$rty.I,ve fixedthe car. ('ow I can dr$*e to work.
) We use the ;resent ;er,ect ?ont$nuous to say how long.They,ve %een interviewingpeople s$nce 20 a.m."he,s %een writingletters all morning.We use the ;resent ;er,ect "$mple to say how many.They,ve interviewed ninepeople. "he,s written fiveletters.
for and since
Use Examples Use ExamplesW$th a per$od o,t$me
!or three days&,$*e hours& a month&ten m$nutes& agesA
W$th a po$nt $n t$me Since Tuesday&G 5ugust& > oclock&last summer& 2FG9...
!uture- going to
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Positive NegativeI
m (am
!e
"heIt
s ($s
YouWeThey
re (are
go$ng tobeg$n.
I m not (amnot
!e
"heIt $snt ($s not
YouWeThey
arent (arenot
go$ng tobeg$n.
Question Short answer
5mI
Is
he
she$t
5reyouwethey
go$ng tobeg$n%
Yes&
'o&I
am.
m not.
Yes&'o&
heshe$t
$s.$snt.
Yes&
'o&
youwethey
are.
arent.
Use Examples-uture plans& $ntent$ons& and dec$s$ons Were go$ng to buy a new car soon.
When are you go$ng to ha*e a hol$day%Im not go$ng to ha*e lunch today.
-uture act$ons we ,eel certa$n aboutbecause o, what we can see now.
The skys *ery dark. Im sure $ts go$ng tora$n.ook out That cars go$ng to h$t you
) W$th come and go& we usually use the ;resent ?ont$nuous.Im goingon hol$day soon.5re they comingby car on "aturday%
!uture- Present Continuous
-or ;resent ?ont$nuous ,orm see page 09.
Use Examples-$xed ,uture arrangements Im ,ly$ng to Tokyo at 20 a.m. tomorrow.
When $s the ;res$dent arr$*$ng%Im not play$ng gol, th$s weekend.
!uture- will
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Positive Verb example Negative Verb exampleIYou!e
"heItWeThey
ll (w$ll arr$*e.
IYou!e
"heItWeThey
wont
(w$ll not arr$*e.
Question Verb example Short answer Verb example
W$ll
IYou!e"he
ItWeThey
arr$*e%
Yes&
'o&
IYou!e"he
ItWeThey
w$ll.
wont (w$llnot.
Use Examples-uture ,acts and pred$ct$ons The new hotel w$ll cost 1 20 m$ll$on.
The construct$on work wont start unt$l nextyear.!ow many obs w$ll there be%
#ec$s$ons made at the t$me o, speak$ng Ill g$*e you the report today.!old on a m$nute. Ill wr$te down your phonenumber.
.ero Conditional
I, J ;resent "$mple J ;resent "$mple
Positive NegativeI, I read too much& I get a headache I, I d$dnt read too much& I d$dnt get a
headache.
Question NegativeYou get a headache $, you read too much% Yes& I get.
'o& I dont get.
/stConditional
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I, J ;resent "$mple J w$ll J $n,$n$t$*e (w$thout to
Positive NegativeI, they o,,er me the ob& Ill accept $t.
Well ha*e a lot o, work $, we get thecontract.
I, you dont study more& youll ,a$l your
exam.They wont *$s$t us $, theyre *ery busy.I, they dont lea*e now& they wont arr$*eon t$me.
Question NegativeW$ll you buy a new car $, you ha*e the money%I, you ask h$m& w$ll he tell you%What w$ll he do $, h$s plane arr$*es late%
Yes& I w$ll.'o& he wont.)
Use Examples-uture poss$b$l$t$es and the$r results I, the proposal becomes a real$ty& $t w$ll
re*olut$on$6e tra$n tra*el $n Europe.I, the weather $s bad& the tra$n w$ll arr$*e be,orethe plane.
) The if clause can come be,ore or a,ter the ma$n clause. When the ifclause comes,$rst& we usually put a comma between $t and the ma$n clause.(fthe meet$ng $s success,ul& well s$gn the contract.Well s$gn the contract ifthe meet$ng $s success,ul.
) -or th$ngs we are certa$n w$ll happen& we use when nor if.Whenhe returns ,rom the K"5& hell contact you. (We know he w$ll return.Well lea*e whenwe ,$n$sh the work. (We know we w$ll ,$n$sh the work.
0ndConditional
I, J ;ast "$mple J would J $n,$n$t$*e (w$thout to
Positive NegativeI, I had more t$me& ILd tra*el more.
!eLd understand the reason $, youexpla$ned $t.
I, he d$dnt earn so much& he wouldnLtspend so much.I wouldnLt $n*est $n that company $, I wereyou.
Question NegativeWould you stop work $, you won 1 2 m$ll$on%Would he work abroad $, he got the chance%I, you had s$x months o,, work& how would youspend the t$me%
Yes& I would.'o& he wouldnLt.)
Use Examples
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Knl$kely or unreal s$tuat$ons andthe$r probable results
I, publ$c transport were ,ree& there would be,ewer cars $n the c$ty centres.I, I were the Transport +$n$ster& I would $ncrease
petrol pr$ces.
) The if clause can come be,ore or a,ter the ma$n clause. When the ifclause comes,$rst& we usually put a comma between $t and the ma$n clause.I, I won a lot o, money& ILd buy a -errar$.ILd buy a -errar$ $, I won a lot o, money.
) W$th I& he& and she& we can use was $nstead o, were $n the ifclause& espec$ally $n amore $n,ormal style.I, $t wasless expens$*e& he would buy $t.
) ?ould $s both the ;ast and the ?ond$t$onal o, can.When she l$*ed $n ;ar$s& she could visitthe ou*re at any t$me. (;ast
We could ma1esome o, the money $, we charged motor$sts. (?ond$t$onal
) The ;ast tense does not re,er to past t$me $n a cond$t$onal sentence. I, re,ers to anunreal s$tuat$on.I, ( werethe Transport +$n$ster... (but ILm not.
2rdConditional
I, J ;ast ;er,ect J would ha*e J ;ast ;art$c$ple
Positive NegativeI, I had stud$ed& I would ha*e passed theexam.
I, I had known that day we had a test& Iwouldnt ha*e spent the n$ght dr$nk$ng.
Question NegativeWould you ha*e passed the exam $, youhad stud$ed%
Yes& I would ha*e.'o& I wouldnt ha*e.
Use Examples?r$t$c$6$ng people& po$nt$ng out the$r
m$stakes or express$ng regret about thepast.
I, I had known& I would ha*e gone to *$s$t
you.
)odal ver%s
?an ?ould +ay +$ght "hall "hould W$ll would +ust +ustnLt 'eednLt
+odal *erbs add extra mean$ng to the ma$n *erb.
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Use Examples
'ecess$ty !e mustha*e a *$sa.
;roh$b$t$on !e mustn3t lea*e w$thout pay$ng.
'o necess$ty You needn3tmake an appo$ntment.
5d*$ce You shouldalways be punctual.
You shouldn3tuse ,$rst names.
;oss$b$l$ty ;aperwork cantake a long t$me.
Your host ma$$n*$te you to h$s home.
I mightbe late.
Use Examples
;erm$ss$on CanI use your phone%
CouldI $nterrupt you ,or a moment%
)a$I borrow your car%
5b$l$ty Canyou speak "pan$sh%
"he couldsw$m when she was three.
ReBuests Couldyou repeat that& please%
Willyou post th$s letter ,or me%
Wouldyou type th$s letter& please%
C,,ers Wouldyou l$ke a dr$nk%
ShallI call a tax$ ,or you%
) The ,orm o, a modal *erb $s the same ,or all persons. We donLt add )s to the / rd
person s$ngular o, a modal *erb.
I@You@!e@"he@It@We@They ma$arr$*e late.!e canspeak =erman.
) We donLt use to a,ter modal *erbs.I must to go now.
) To make the negat$*e o, a modal *erb& we add not or nLt. We donLt use donLt anddoesnLt.!e can3t@cannotspeak 4apanese.You mustn3t@must notdr$*e on the r$ght $n the KM."he may notarr$*e be,ore you lea*e.
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) We canLt add )nLt to may."he maynLt arr$*e be,ore you lea*e.
) We put the modal *erb be,ore I@you@he& etc. to make a Buest$on.Should (con,$rm the book$ng by letter%
) W$th I and we& we use shall ,or o,,ers& and when ask$ng ,or and mak$ng suggest$ons.ShallI close the door%What shall we do%Shallwe go to the park%
) We can use ha*e to ,or necess$ty.I have towork o*ert$me somet$mes.We can use donLt ha*e to when there $s no necess$ty.( don3t have towork on "aturdays.
&he Passive
7e ($s@was@ha*e been& etc. J past part$c$ple (produced@bu$lt@grown& etc.
Positive Negative?o,,ee is grown$n 7ra6$l.The company was founded$n 2FH0.V$nes have %een grown$n th$s area ,oro*er 9000 years.
?$garette ad*ert$s$ng isn3t allowed$nc$nemas.;r$ces weren3t increasedlast year.5 dec$s$on hasn,t %een madeyet.
Question Short answer"re;eugeot cars made$n -rance%Werethe goods deliveredon t$me%Hasthe ,actory %een %uiltyet%!ow ischampagne produced%When will$t %e finished%!ow long hasth$s method %een used%
Yes& they are.'o& they werenLt.Yes& $t has.)))
Use Examples
We use the ;ass$*e when the person orth$ng that does the act$on $snLt $mportant& orwhen we donLt know who does $t. I, wewant to say who does or d$d the act$on weuse by.
"ctiveThe arch$tect I+ ;e$ designedthe ou*re;yram$d $n ;ar$s.
PassiveThe ou*re ;yram$d $n ;ar$s was designed
by I+ ;e$.
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Prepositions of time
)onthseason$earcentur$
(n
4une
W$nter2FF:
The 92stcentury
Part of the da$
(n
The morn$ng
The a,ternoon
The e*en$ng
4a$date
#n
Tuesday
: #ecember
Easter +onday
?hr$stmas #ay
-r$day morn$ng
Wednesday e*en$ngs.
&imemeal time
"t
"$x oLclock
unch t$me
+$dn$ght
Period of two or three da$s
"t
The weekend
?hr$stmas
Easter
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Prepositions of place and direction
preposition use examples
abo*e h$gher than sth. The p$cture hangs abo*e my bed.
across ,rom one s$de to theother s$de
You mustnLt go across th$s road here.There $snLt a br$dge across the r$*er.
a,ter one ,ollows the other The cat ran a,ter the dog.5,ter you.
aga$nst d$rected towards sth. The b$rd ,lew aga$nst the w$ndow.
along$n a l$neN ,rom one po$ntto another
TheyLre walk$ng along the beach.
among $n a group I l$ke be$ng among people.
around $n a c$rcular way WeLre s$tt$ng around the camp,$re.beh$nd at the back o, Cur house $s beh$nd the supermarket.
below lower than sth. #eath Valley $s G: metres below sea le*el.
bes$de next to Cur house $s bes$de the supermarket.
between sth.@sb. $s on each s$deCur house $s between the supermarket and theschool.
by near !e l$*es $n the house by the r$*er.
close to near Cur house $s close to the supermarket.
down ,rom h$gh to low !e came down the h$ll.
,rom the place where $t starts #o you come ,rom Tokyo%
$n ,ront o,the part that $s $n thed$rect$on $t ,aces
Cur house $s $n ,ront o, the supermarket.
$ns$de oppos$te o, outs$de You shouldnLt stay $ns$de the castle.
$nto enter$ng sth. You shouldnLt go $nto the castle.
near close to Cur house $s near the supermarket.
next to bes$de Cur house $s next to the supermarket.
o,, away ,rom sth. The cat umped o,, the roo,.
onto mo*$ng to a place The cat umped onto the roo,.
oppos$te on the other s$de Cur house $s oppos$te the supermarket.
out o, lea*$ng sth. The cat umped out o, the w$ndow.
outs$de oppos$te o, $ns$de ?an you wa$t outs$de%
o*er abo*e sth.@sb. The cat umped o*er the wall.
past go$ng near sth.@sb. =o past the post o,,$ce.
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round $n a c$rcle WeLre s$tt$ng round the camp,$re.
throughgo$ng ,rom one po$nt tothe other po$nt
You shouldnLt walk through the ,orest.
to towards sth.@sb.I l$ke go$ng to 5ustral$a.?an you come to me%IL*e ne*er been to 5,r$ca.
towards $n the d$rect$on o, sth. They walk towards the castle.
under below sth. The cat $s under the table.
up ,rom low to h$gh !e went up the h$ll.
(rregular ver%s
Present Past Past Participle
awake awoke awoken
be was& were beenbear bore bornbeat beat beat
become became becomebeg$n began begunbend bent bentbeset beset beset
bet bet betb$d b$d@bade b$d@b$ddenb$nd bound boundb$te b$t b$tten
bleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbr$ng brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcastbu$ld bu$lt bu$lt
burn burned@burnt burned@burntburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast cast
catch caught caughtchoose chose chosencl$ng clung clungcome came comecost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
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deal dealt dealtd$g dug dug
d$*e d$*ed@do*e d$*eddo d$d done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed@dreamt dreamed@dreamtdr$*e dro*e dr$*endr$nk drank drunk eat ate eaten,all ,ell ,allen,eed ,ed ,ed,eel ,elt ,elt,$ght ,ought ,ought,$nd ,ound ,ound,$t ,$t ,$t
,lee ,led ,led,l$ng ,lung ,lung,ly ,lew ,lown
,orb$d ,orbade ,orb$dden,orget ,orgot ,orgotten,orego(,orgo ,orewent ,oregone,org$*e ,orga*e ,org$*en,orsake ,orsook ,orsaken,ree6e ,ro6e ,ro6en
get got gotteng$*e ga*e g$*engo went gone
gr$nd ground groundgrow grew grownhang hung hunghear heard heardh$de h$d h$ddenh$t h$t h$t
hold held heldhurt hurt hurt
keep kept keptkneel knelt kneltkn$t kn$t kn$t
know knew knowlay la$d la$dlead led led
leap leaped@lept leaped@lept
learn learned@learnt learned@learntlea*e le,t le,tlend lent lentlet let letl$e lay la$n
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l$ght l$ghted@l$t l$ghted
lose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met met
m$sspell m$sspelled@m$sspelt m$sspelled@m$sspeltm$stake m$stook m$staken
mow mowed mowed@mowno*ercome o*ercame o*ercome
o*erdo o*erd$d o*erdoneo*ertake o*ertook o*ertaken
o*erthrow o*erthrew o*erthrownpay pa$d pa$d
plead pled pled
pro*e pro*ed pro*ed@pro*enput put putBu$t Bu$t Bu$tread read readr$d r$d r$dr$de rode r$ddenr$ng rang rungr$se rose r$senrun ran run
saw sawed sawed@sawnsay sa$d sa$d
see saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set set
sew sewed sewed@sewnshake shook shaken
sha*e sha*ed sha*ed@sha*enshear shore shornshed shed shed
sh$ne shone shoneshoe shoed shoed@shodshoot shot shot
show showed showed@shownshr$nk shrank shrunk shut shut shuts$ng sang sungs$nk sank sunk s$t sat sat
sleep slept slept
slay slew sla$nsl$de sl$d sl$d
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sl$ng slung slungsl$t sl$t sl$t
sm$te smote sm$ttensow sowed sowed@sown
speak spoke spoken
speed sped spedspend spent spent
sp$ll sp$lled@sp$lt sp$lled@sp$ltsp$n spun spunsp$t sp$t@spat sp$tspl$t spl$t spl$t
spread spread spread
spr$ng sprang@sprung sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolen
st$ck stuck stuck st$ng stung stungst$nk stank stunk str$de strod str$ddenstr$ke struck struck str$ng strung strungstr$*e stro*e str$*enswear swore swornsweep swept swept
swell swelled swelled@swollensw$m swam swum
sw$ng swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told told
th$nk thought thought
thr$*e thr$*ed@thro*e thr$*edthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden
understand understood understooduphold upheld upheldupset upset upsetwake woke wokenwear wore worn
wea*e wea*ed@wo*e wea*ed@wo*enwed wed wedweep wept weptw$nd wound woundw$n won won
w$thhold w$thheld w$thheld
w$thstand w$thstood w$thstood
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wr$ng wrung wrungwr$te wrote wr$tten
S#C("5 EN65(SH
)eeting people
(ntroductions
+ay@?an I $ntroduce mysel,%+y nameLs... (4ames Turner ,or example.ILm... (+on$Bue 7resson.
+ay@?an I $ntroduce a good ,r$end o, m$ne%
Th$s $s... (Roberto 5ngel$n$.
Excuse me& are you... (#uncan Ross%!ello& you must be... (u$g$ 7ast$n$.
ILd l$ke to@let me $ntroduce you to... (Tony Wh$te.
!ow do you do. !ow do you do.
;leased to meet you. ;leased to meet you& too.
;lease call me... (u$g$. Then you must call me... (+on$Bue.
6reetings
!ello&... (Roberto.=ood@'$ce to see you aga$n.
!ow are you% -$ne& thanks. 5nd you%
!ow are th$ngs% 'ot too bad& thanks.
!owLs the ,am$ly% Very well& thank you.
=ood morn$ng@a,ternoon@e*en$ng.
) We only say =ood n$ght when we are lea*$ng. We donLt use $t as a greet$ng.
6ood%$es
I must go now.We really must lea*e now.I must be o,,.
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It was *ery n$ce meet$ng you. I really enoyed meet$ng you& too.
!a*e a good tr$p@ourney@,l$ght. Thank you... (and the same to you.
I hope to see you aga$n. I hope so& too.
I look ,orward to... (see$ng you aga$n.ILm look$ng ,orward to... (our next meet$ng.
"ee youA on the (,$rst 4uly@next week@soon.!a*e a good... tr$p back@,l$ght back.
&elephoning
)a1ing contact
!ello. Th$s $s... (4ames Turner
Is that... (+on$Bue 7resson% Yes& speak$ng.
ILd l$ke to speak to... (+r. 7rown. WhoLs call$ng& please%
?ould I speak to... (+an,red We$ss% +ay I know whoLs call$ng& please%
ILm call$ng about... (the letter I sent you.
!old the l$ne& please.
ILm sorry... (+r We$ss $s $n a meet$ng at the moment.ILm a,ra$d... (heLs busy at present.ILm a,ra$d... (she $snLt here.
5eaving a message
?an I... take a message%?an I... lea*e a message%
?ould you take a message%
?ould you ask... (her to call... (u$g$ 7ast$n$%?ould you tell... (h$m that... (#uncan Ross called%
?ould you spell... (your name& please%WhatLs your number& please%
Welcoming a visitor
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The ourney here
#$d you ha*e a good ourney%
!ow was your ,l$ght%
#$d you ha*e any problems ,$nd$ng us%
!ow d$d you get here%
5re you here on bus$ness%
Work
What do you do%
Where do you work%
What are you work$ng on currently%
The weather What was the weather l$ke $n... (ondon%
Tra*el and hol$days
#o you tra*el a lot%
Wh$ch countr$es do you *$s$t%
Where d$d you spend... (your last hol$day%
The *$s$torWhere do you l$*e%
Wh$ch part o, the country@c$ty $s that%
-$rst $mpress$ons
What do you th$nk o,... (the new a$rport%
Is th$s your ,$rst *$s$t to... (7arcelona%
!ow long are you here ,or%
"ports and le$sureWhat do you do at the weekends%
#o you play any sports%
'ewsWhatLs the latest news on... (the elect$on%
Is there any news about... (the con,erence%
Sta$ing at a hotel
7oo1ing a hotel
ILd l$ke to book a s$nge@double room ,or > 5pr$l.
"rriving at a hotel
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I ha*e a reser*at$on.
)a1ing re8uests
ILd l$ke a room& please.
?ould I ha*e an early morn$ng call& at :./0%?ould I ha*e my b$ll& please%?an I pay by cred$t card%
"t a restaurant
9ecommendingWhat do you recommend%The... (sea,ood $s usually excellent here.I recommend the... (ch$cken.
#rderingILll@WeLll ha*e... (smoked "cott$sh salmon.
ILd@WeLd l$ke... (the roast 'ormandy pork.
?ould we ha*e... (a bottle o, m$neral water%
#ffering#o ha*e some more... (prawns.What about... (dessert%!ow about... (some strawberr$es%Would you l$ke... (a co,,ee%
"cceptingYes& ILd l$ke that.Yes& that would be *ery n$ce.
4ecliningThank you& but I couldnLt eat any more.
'o& thank you.
&han1ing and responding
Thank you ,or a really excellent meal. #onLt ment$on $t.
Thank you ,or a lo*ely e*en$ng. I enoyed $t *ery much& too.
)a1ing arrangements
)a1ing an appointment
WhenWhat t$me
would be con*en$ent ,or you%could we meet%are you ,ree%
would su$t you%
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"hall we say... (next Tuesday% Yes&... (Tuesday su$ts me ,$ne.
Is... (F./0 poss$ble ,or you% Yes& thatLs ,$ne.
!ow about... (-r$day% Yes& I can make $t on... (-r$day.
What about... (the a,ternoon% 'o& ILm a,ra$d IL*e got another appo$ntmentthen.
I look ,orward to meet$ng you on... (Wednesday."ee you... (next week.
Changing an appointmentILm *ery sorry I ha*e to cancel the appo$ntment on... (-r$day.ILm a,ra$d I canLt manage our meet$ng... (tomorrow.?ould we arrange another t$me%
#pinions and suggestions
5sk$ng ,or op$n$ons
What do you th$nk about... (the des$gn%
WhatLs your op$n$on o,... (the Bual$ty%
!ow do you ,eel about... (the pr$ce%
5gree$ng
I agree.
I certa$nly agree w$th that.
I agree completely.
5sk$ng ,or suggest$ons
#o you ha*e any suggest$ons ,or... (theagenda%
5ny $deas on... (the park$ng problem%
+ak$ng suggest$ons
I suggest... (we meet at the hotel.
!ow about... (go$ng by plane%
What about... (g$*$ng a talk%Why donLt we... (ha*e a meet$ng%
Why not... (,$n$sh w$th a party%
We could... (arrange a tenn$s tournament.
=$*$ng op$n$onsIn my op$n$on... ($tLs excellent.
I th$nk... ($tLs rather expens$*e.
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#$sagree$ngILm a,ra$d I donLt agree.
ILm sorry& but I d$sagree.
5ccept$ng suggest$ons
Yes& thatLs a good $dea.
Yes& letLs do that.
Reect$ng "uggest$ons
Yes& but... ($tLs too ,ar away.
ILm not sure about that.
ILm a,ra$d I donLt l$ke that $dea.
(nvitations
In*$t$ng
ILd l$ke to $n*$te you to... (ha*e d$nner w$th me.
Would you o$n us... (,or a game o, tenn$s%
Would you l$ke to... (come sw$mm$ng%
Why donLt you... (ha*e lunch w$th us%
!ow about... (o$n$ng us%
5ccept$ng
Thank you. ILm del$ghted to accept.
Thank you. ILd lo*e to.
Thank you. ILd enoy that.
#ecl$n$ngILd lo*e to& but... (ILm a,ra$d I canLt.
Thanks a lot but... (IL*e made another arrangement.
#ffers
C,,er$ng
"hall I... (open the w$ndow%
#o you want me to... (post the letter ,or you%
I, you l$ke& I can... (g$*e you some help.
Would you l$ke me to... (arrange a meet$ng%
5ccept$ng
Yes& please.
Thank you.
ThatLs *ery k$nd o, you.
Thank you. ILd apprec$ate that.
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#ecl$n$ng
Thanks& but please donLt bother.
Thanks& but that wonLt be necessary.
ThatLs *ery k$nd o, you& but... (I can manage.
9e8uests
ReBuest$ng
?an you... (come tomorrow%
?ould you... (wr$te her a letter%
Would you... (book the hotel%
#o you th$nk you could... (check $t%
Would you m$nd... (check$ng $t%
#o you m$nd... (check$ng $t%
5gree$ng
Yes& o, course.
Yes& certa$nly.
'ot at all.
'o& o, course not.
Re,us$ng
I th$nk that w$ll be d$,,$cult... (there $snLt enough t$me.ILm a,ra$d not... (ILm *ery busy.
ILm sorry& but thatLs not poss$ble... (ILm lea*$ng now.
ILm a,ra$d not.
"s1ing for information
5sk$ng
ILd l$ke some $n,ormat$on about... (,$ghts to ;ar$s.
ILd l$ke to know... (how long $t takes.
#o you know... (when the tra$n arr$*es%
?an@could you tell me... (how o,ten the tra$ns lea*e%
"how$ng understand$ng
I see.
R$ght& IL*e got that.
"o&... (the next tra$nLs $n hal, an hour
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?heck$nget me check.
ILll look that up.
5sk$ng ,or repet$t$on
?ould you repeat that& please%
?ould you say that aga$n%
5polog$6$ngILm a,ra$d I donLt ha*e any $n,ormat$on about... (domest$c,l$ghts.
Social responses
&han1ing
Thanks ,or all your help.
Thank you ,or your ad*$ce.
#onLt ment$on $t.
'ot at all.
YouLre welcome. (K"
"pologi:ing
"orry ILm late.
ILm sorry. IL*e broken a glass.
It doesnLt matter.
#onLt worry.
'e*er m$nd.
"s1ing for repetition
"orry%;ardon%?ould you repeat that& please%ILm sorry& I d$dnLt catch... (your name.
"s1ing and giving permission
+ay I s$t here%
?ould I use your phone%
#o you m$nd $, I open the w$ndow%
Yes& o, course.
;lease do.
Yes& certa$nly.
'o& not at all.
9efusing permission
?ould I borrow your car%
#o you m$nd $, I smoke%
"orry& but I need $t.
Well& ILd rather you d$dnLt.
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6iving and passing things
!a*e you got the t$ckets%
?ould you pass the bread& please%
Yes& here they are.
Yes& here you are.
Expressing surprise
They*e got s$x ch$ldren now. Really
9esponding to good news
IL*e passed my ,$nal exams ?ongratulat$ons
ThatLs great
9esponding to %ad news
I ,a$led my dr$*$ng test. Ch& ILm sorry to hear that.
9esponding to good wishes
!a*e a good weekend.
I hope you enoy your hol$day.
Thanks. You too.
Thanks& and the same to you.
Sa$ing good%$e
&han1ing for hospitalit$
Thank you ,or $n*$t$ng us.
,or e*eryth$ng.
*ery much ,or your hosp$tal$ty.
WeL*e had a wonder,ul t$me.
It was really enoyable.
I really apprec$ate $t.
E*eryth$ng was great.
Thanks a lot.
9esponding to than1s
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ILm glad you could come.
enoyed $t.
,ound $t $nterest$ng.
l$ke $t.
"s1ing for help
"orry& I donLt understand.I donLt know what... (currently means.
What does... (work$ng knowledge mean%What do you call th$s $n Engl$sh%!ow do you say... (e *oudra$s une chambre $n Engl$sh%?ould you say that aga$n& please%?ould you repeat that& please%?ould you speak more slowly& please%?ould you spell that& please%?ould you wr$te that down& please%
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#&HE9 USE!U5 (N!#9)"&(#N
7usiness correspondence
?K''I'=!5+ 5""C?I5TE"9:& Trent Rd& 7$cester& Cxon CO: GR'TelD 0G:2 90>F30 -axD 0G:2 90>F00
99 -ebruary 2FF:
4ean ;aul eclercP$gPag "5H>& rue 4ules -erryH322: ;ar$s
#ear +r ederc
Thank you ,or your letter o, 23 4anuary. I apolog$6e ,or not reply$ng sooner.
I am wr$t$ng to $n,orm you that I am com$ng to ;ar$s on H +arch.
I would be del$ghted to meet you to d$scuss the ,ash$on show& as you suggested.
Kn,ortunately& as I am ,ly$ng to Rome $n the a,ternoon& I w$ll not be able to *$s$t your,actory& and cannot attend your company d$nner $n the e*en$ng.
I would be grate,ul $, you could send me your catalogue and pr$ce l$st as soon as
poss$ble& as I would l$ke to show your "ummer ?ollect$on to the ,ash$on buyers at ourmonthly meet$ng next week.
I am enclos$ng a copy o, an excellent maga6$ne art$cle about ,ash$on reta$lers $n th$scountry. I hope you ,$nd $t $nterest$ng.
I look ,orward to meet$ng you next month. ;lease let me know $, you would l$ke any,urther $n,ormat$on.
Yours s$ncerely
#a*$d ?unn$ngham
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;res$dent
#pening
#ear "$r
+adam
+r... +urphy
+rs... !obbs
+$ss... Young
+s... Wh$te
.... =eorge
#r... =reen
) When you donLt know the rece$*erLs name& use "$r or +adam.-or a man& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +r.-or a marr$ed woman& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +rs. or +s.-or an unmarr$ed woman& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +$ss or +s.-or a close bus$ness contact or ,r$end& use the rece$*erLs ,$rst name.-or a doctor& us #r. and the ,am$ly name.
) +s can replace +rs and +$ss. It doesnLt $nd$cate whether a woman $s marr$ed.
)a1ing reference
Thank you ,or your telephone call today.
W$th re,erence to your letter o, G 4anuary...
-urther to Your letter o, /0 5ugust&...
"pologi:ing
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I apolog$6e ,or the delay.
not reply$ng sooner.
I am sorry that I am not able to help you.
Explaining the reason for writing
I am wr$t$ng to ask you...
enBu$re about...
$n,orm you that...
con,$rm...
"greeing to re8uests
I would be #el$ghted to...
pleased to...
6iving %ad news
I am a,ra$d that...Kn,ortunately...
9e8uesting
I would be grate,ul $, you could...We would apprec$ate $t $, you could...?ould you poss$bly...%
Enclosing documents
I ha*e pleasure $n enclos$ng...I am enclos$ng...I enclose...
9eferring to future contact
I look ,orward to
meet$ng you next month.
rece$*$ng your reply.
hear$ng ,rom you soon.
!inishing
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;lease let me know $,
;lease contact us aga$n $,
you ha*e any Buest$ons.
we can help $n any way.
you would l$ke ,urther $n,ormat$on.
Closing
Yours ,a$th,ully
s$ncerely
7est w$shes
) When you open the letter w$th #ear "$r or #ear +adam& use Yours ,a$th,ully.When you open the letter w$th the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name& use Yours s$ncerely.
-or a close bus$ness contact or ,r$end& use 7est w$shes.
"merican English
Th$s sect$on descr$bes some d$,,erences between 5mer$can and 7r$t$sh Engl$sh. Thed$,,erences are not *ery great& and they may *ary between reg$ons across the K"5.
havehave gotTo express possess$on& 7r$t$sh people o,ten say ha*e got.
7ritish 7ritish"merican
(3ve gota =erman car.
Haveyou gota ,ax mach$ne%
Yes& ( have.
'o& ( haven3t.
( havean Ital$an car.
4oyou haveany ch$ldren%
Yes& ( do.
'o& ( don3t.
The d$,,erence $s only $n the ;resent "$mple. There $s no d$,,erence $n other tenses.When we use the *erb ha*e ,or an act$on& there $s no d$,,erence between 5mer$canand 7r$t$sh Engl$sh.
7ritish"merican
I ha*e an Engl$sh lesson e*ery week.
#o you ha*e co,,ee ,or break,ast%
Yes& ( do.
'o& ( don3t.
Present PerfectPast Simple
Where 7r$t$sh Engl$sh uses the ;resent ;er,ect& 5mer$can Engl$sh o,ten uses the ;ast"$mple.
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7ritish "merican
IL*e ust ,$n$shed the report.
!a*e you seen her yet%
I ha*enLt ,$n$shed the work yet.WeLre already met.
I ust ,$n$shed the report.
#$d you see her yet%
I d$dnLt ,$n$sh the work yet.We already met.
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see o,, ) accompany someone to the beg$nn$ng o, a tr$psend back ) send to a place where ,ormerly locatedsend o*er ) send to where someone $sset up ) arrangeshow o,, ) exh$b$t ostentat$ously
shut o,, ) cause to cease ,unct$on$ngslow up ) cause to mo*e more slowlyspell out ) enumerateN state $n deta$lstand up ) ,a$l to keep an appo$ntment w$thsweep out ) sweep the $ns$de o, take back ) returnN retract a statementtake down ) remo*e ,rom a h$gh pos$t$onN wr$te ,rom d$ctat$ontake $n ) understoodN ,oolN dece$*eN make smaller ($n sew$ngtake o*er ) takeN assume command o, tear down ) destroytear up ) tear $nto small p$eces
tell o,, ) scoldN repr$mandth$nk o*er ) cons$der th$nk through ) cons$der ,rom beg$nn$ng to endth$nk up ) createN $n*entthrow away ) d$scardthrow o*er ) reectt$e up ) t$e securely or t$ghtt$re out ) cause to be exhaustedtouch up ) repa$r try on ) put on a garment to *er$,y the ,$ttry out ) testturn down ) re,useN lower the *olumeturn out ) produceN ,orce $nto ex$le& ext$ngu$sh (a l$ghtwash o,, ) wash the sur,ace o, wash out ) wash the $ns$de o, wear out ) use unt$l no longer usableN t$re greatlyw$nd up ) ,$n$sh& t$ghten the spr$ng o, a watch or mach$new$pe o,, ) w$pe the sur,ace o, w$pe out ) w$pe the $ns$de o,N dec$matework out ) sol*ewr$te down ) recordwr$te out ) wr$te down e*ery deta$lN spell outwr$te up ) composeN prepare (a document
(nsepara%le
back out o, ) desertN ,a$l to keep a prom$sebear down on ) lean onN browbeatbear on ) ha*e to do w$thbear up under ) endurebreak $n on ) $nterruptbreak $nto ) $nterruptcall ,or ) come to getN reBu$recare ,or ) l$keN guardN super*$seN ma$nta$n
carry on w$th ) cont$nue
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catch up w$th ) co*er the d$stance between onesel, andcheck up on ) exam$neN *er$,ycome across ) ,$nd acc$dentallycome along w$th ) accompanyN make progresscome by ) ,$nd acc$dentally
come down w$th ) become $ll w$thcome out w$th ) utterN producecome up w$th ) utterN producecount on ) rely oncut $n on ) $nterruptd$sagree w$th ) cause $llness or d$scom,ort todo away w$th ) abol$shdo w$thout ) depr$*e onesel, o,drop $n at@on ) *$s$t casually w$thout plann$ngdrop out o, ) lea*eN Bu$t,ace up to ) acknowledge
,all beh$nd $n ) lagN not progress at reBu$red pace,all back on ) use ,or emergency purpose,all out w$th ) Buarrel w$th,$ll $n ,or ) subst$tute ,orget ahead o, ) surpassN beatget around ) e*adeN a*o$dget away w$th ) do w$thout be$ng caught or pun$shedget by w$th ) manage w$th a m$n$mum o, e,,ortget down to ) become ser$ous aboutN cons$derget $n ) enter (a *eh$cleget o,, ) descend ,romN lea*eget on ) enter (a *eh$cleN mountget on w$th ) proceed w$thget through w$th ) term$nate& ,$n$shgo back on ) desertN ,a$l to keep (a prom$sego ,or ) l$ke a great dealgo $n ,or ) be $nterested $nN part$c$pate $ngo on w$th ) cont$nuego o*er ) re*$ewgo w$th ) harmon$6e w$thN look pleas$ng togethergo w$thout ) absta$n ,romhang around ) rema$n $dly $n the *$c$n$ty o,hear ,rom ) rece$*e a commun$cat$on ,rom
hear o, ) learn about (somet$mes acc$dentallyh$t on ) d$sco*er acc$dentallyhold on to ) grasp t$ghtlyhold out aga$nst ) res$stkeep at ) perse*ere atkeep to ) pers$st $nN cont$nuekeep up w$th ) ma$nta$n the pace o,l$e down on ) e*adeN ,a$l to dol$*e on ) support or susta$n onesel, by means o,l$*e up to ) ma$nta$n the standard demanded o,look a,ter ) take care o,
look back on ) remember nostalg$cally
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look down on ) ,eel super$or tolook ,orward to ) ant$c$patelook up to ) respectN adm$remake up ,or ) compensate ,or
pass on ) transm$t
p$ck on ) teaseN bullyplay up to ) ,latter ,or personal ad*antageput up w$th ) tolerateread up on ) search out $n,ormat$on onrun aga$nst ) compete aga$nst $n an elect$onrun away w$th ) lea*eN escape ,romrun ,or ) campa$gn ,orsee about ) cons$derN arrangesee to ) arrangeN super*$sesettle on ) dec$de onN choosestand ,or ) representN perm$t
stand up ,or ) supportN demandstand up to ) res$stst$ck to ) pers$stst$ck up ,or ) supportN de,endtake a,ter ) resembletalk back to ) answer $mpol$telytalk o*er ) d$scusstell on ) report m$sbeha*$or to author$tytouch on ) ment$on br$e,lyturn $nto ) becomewa$t on ) ser*ewa$t up ,or ) not go to bed wh$le wa$t$ng ,orwatch out ,or ) be care,ul ,or(ntransitive
back down ) retreat ,rom a pos$t$on $n an argumentback out ) desertN ,a$l to keep a prom$seback up ) mo*e backwardsbear up ) endureblow $n ) drop $n to *$s$t unexpectedlyblow o*er ) pass w$thout do$ng harmblow up ) explodeN lose oneLs tempercall up ) telephonecalm down ) become calm
carry on ) cont$nue as be,oreN m$sbeha*ecatch on ) understandcatch up ) co*er the d$stance between onesel, and a mo*$ng goalcheck up ) $n*est$gatecheck out ) lea*eN pay oneLs b$llcheer up ) become cheer,ulclear out ) lea*eclear up ) become clearclose down ) close permanentlyclose up ) close temporar$lycame about ) happen
come along ) accompanyN make progress
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come back ) returncome by ) *$s$t someone $n h$s homecome out ) appearN make a soc$al debutcome o*er ) come to someoneLs house& to where someone $scome through ) succeed
come to ) rega$n consc$ousnesscut $n ) $nterruptd$e away ) ,adeN d$m$n$shd$e down ) ,adeN d$m$n$shd$e o,,@out ) d$sappearN become ext$nctdress up ) don ,ancy or unusual clothesdr$*e back ) return by cardrop $n ) *$s$t someone casually w$thout plann$ngdrop out ) abandon some organ$6ed act$*$tyN lea*eN Bu$tdrop o*er ) *$s$t someone casually,all beh$nd ) not progress at reBu$red pace
,all o,, ) decreaseN lose we$ght,all through ) ,a$lN not be accompl$shed,$ll $n ) subst$tute,$nd out ) learn,ly back ) return by a$r,ly o*er ) ,ly to where someone $sget ahead ) make progressget along ) ha*e a ,r$endly relat$onsh$pget around ) c$rculateN mo*e aboutget away ) escapeget by ) manageN e$ther ust barely or w$th a m$n$mum o, e,,ortget $n ) enterget o,, ) descend ,rom lea*eget on ) enter (a *eh$cleN mount (a horse& etc.get on@along ) progressN be compat$bleget up ) r$seget through ) ,$n$shg$*e out ) become exhaustedg$*e up ) surrenderN ,a$l to ,$n$shgo back ) returngo o,, ) explodego on ) happenN cont$nuego out ) stop burn$ngN lea*e oneLs res$dence
go o*er ) goN succeedgrow up ) maturehang around ) rema$n $dlyN dawdlehang up ) replace a telephone rece$*e on $ts hookhold on ) grasp t$ghtlyN perse*ereN wa$t wh$le telephon$nghold out ) cont$nue to res$stN perse*ereN pers$stkeep on ) cont$nuekeep up ) ma$nta$n the reBu$red pace or standardN cont$nuelet up ) d$m$n$sh $n $ntens$tyl$e down ) recl$nelook on ) be a spectator
make out ) progressN succeed
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make up ) become reconc$ledmo*e o*er ) mo*e to the s$de
pan out ) turn out wellN be success,ulpass out ) become unconsc$ouspass on ) d$e
p$ck up ) growN $ncreasepull $n ) arr$*epull out ) deportpull through ) sur*$*e (barelyr$de o*er ) r$de to where someone $srun away ) escapeN lea*eN lea*e Bu$ckly w$thout perm$ss$onrun down ) slowly lose power so as to stop ,unct$on$ngrun o,, ) depart runn$ngN dra$nsell out ) sell the ownersh$p or respons$b$l$tysettle up ) pay oneLs b$lls or debtsshow o,, ) boast by words or act$ons
show up ) arr$*eN appear unexpectedlyshut up ) stop talk$ngslow up ) reduce speedstand by ) wa$tN be prepared to ass$ststand up ) standN r$se ,rom s$tt$ngN lastN endurestay o*er ) rema$n at someoneLs house o*ern$ght or longerstep as$de ) mo*e to one s$detake o,, ) lea*e the groundtake o*er ) assume commandtalk back ) answer $mpol$telythrow up ) *om$tturn around ) turn so that one $s ,ac$ng another d$rect$onturn $n ) go to bedturn out ) succeedN comeN appear& as at a publ$c meet$ngturn up ) arr$*eN be ,ound unexpectedlywa$t up ) rema$n awake $n ant$c$pat$onwake up ) awakenwalk back ) return on ,oot to where one waswalk o*er ) walk to where someone $swash out ) ,ade or d$sappear ,rom wash$ngwatch out ) be care,ulwear o,, ) ,adeN d$sappear through use or t$mewear out ) become unusable through useN become used up
work out ) be success,ul
&he 5ord,s pra$er
Cur ,ather who art $n hea*en& hollowed be thy name thy k$ngdom come.Thy w$ll be done on earth as $t $s $n hea*en g$*e us& th$s day& our da$ly bread and,org$*e our trespasses as we ,org$*e them that trespass aga$nst us and lead us not $ntotemptat$on but del$*er us ,rom e*$l. 5men
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