7108731 Resumo de Todo Um Curso de Ingles

8/22/2019 7108731 Resumo de Todo Um Curso de Ingles

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Resumo de todo um curso de Ingls

Present Simple

Positive Verb example Negative Verb exampleIYou

WeThey

work.

IYou

WeThey

dont (do not

!e"heIt

works.!e"heIt

doesnt (doesnot

work.

Question Verb example Short answer

#o

Iyouwe

they

#oesheshe$t

work%

Yes&

'o&

Iyouwe

they

do.

dont.

Yes&

'o&

heshe$t

does.

doesnt.

Use Examplesong)term s$tuat$ons I l$*e $n +adr$d.

Where does she work%!ab$ts and rout$nes I tra*el to work by car.

!ow o,ten do you play gol,%-eel$ngs and op$n$ons "he doesnt l$ke her work.

I agree w$th you.-acts The ourney takes /0 m$nutes.

It costs 1 23.

Question words

Wheredo you l$*e% In Rome.Whatdo you do at weekends% I usually play gol,.

Whendo they take the$r hol$day% In 4uly or 5ugust.Whichmaga6$ne does 4ames wr$te ,or% W$ne and #$ne.Howdo you tra*el to work% 7y car.How oftendo you make bus$ness tr$ps% 5bout tw$ce a month.Whosebook $s th$s% Its m$ne.Who(*Whom do you *$s$t $n ondon% I *$s$t my s$ster.Whoarr$*es at work ,$rst% 5nna does.

* Whom$s *ery ,ormal& and $s not used *ery o,ten.

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Present Continuous

Positive Verb example NegativeVerbexample

I m (am

!e"heIt

s ($s

YouWeThey

re (are

work$ng.

I m not (am

not!e"heIt

$snt ($s not

YouWeThey

arent (are not

work$ng.

Positive Verb example Short answer5m IIs he

she$t5re you

wethey

work$ng%

Yes&'o&

Iam.m not.

Yes&'o& heshe$t

$s.$snt.

Yes&'o&

youwethey

are.arent.

Use Examples5ct$ons happen$ng now !es talk$ng on the phone at the moment.

Theyre ha*$ng lunch w$th a customer.Temporary s$tuat$ons or act$ons 4eans are sell$ng well th$s season.

Im not tra*ell$ng on bus$ness th$s month.

Wh$ch hotel are you stay$ng at%

) 5 d$ct$onary tells you when the ,$nal consonant doubles (tra*el& tra*ell$ng& andwhen we lea*e out the ,$nal e (make& mak$ng.

Past Simple

Positive NegativeIYou!e

"heItWeThey

started

rang8 yesterday

IYou!e

"heItWeThey

d$dnt (d$d

not

"tart

r$ng8 yesterday.

Question Short answer

#$d

IYou!e"heItWeThey

start r$ng8 yesterday%

Yes&

'o&

IYou!e"heItWeThey

d$d.

d$dnt.

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8 "ee the l$st o, $rregular *erbs on page 2:.

Use Examples-$n$shed s$tuat$ons and act$ons $n the past I l$*ed $n Rome ,or two years.

!e ,lew to 5mer$ca last week.

They d$dnt come to the party.Where d$d you spend your last hol$day%

) We o,ten use the ;ast "$mple w$th ,$n$shed t$me phrases l$ke yesterday& last week& anhour ago.

) Regular *erbs $n the ;ast "$mple end $n "tudystudied

Worryworried

Trytried

) When the $n,$n$t$*e ends $n a @ d @ or a @ t @ sound& we pronounce the


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Use ExamplesWe use thana,ter a comparat$*e adect$*e. ondon $s b$gger than;ar$s.

Muchcan come be,ore the comparat$*e toadd emphas$s.

!e $s much younger than h$s brother.Tokyo $s much more expens$*e than Rome.

We use the be,ore a superlat$*e adect$*e. ?amary Whar, $s the tallest bu$ld$ng $n

ondon.5sA as shows someth$ng $s the same oreBual.

=reece $s as sunny as "pa$n.I am as happy as you are.

'ot asA as shows someth$ng $snt thesame or eBual.

Italy $snt as b$g as -rance.

) Cne syllable adect$*es end$ng w$th one *owel and a consonant double theconsonantD

5dect$*e ?omparat$*e "uperlat$*e7$g 7$gger 7$ggest

-at -atter ,attest

) Th$s doesnt happen when the consonant $s


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some+ an$+ a lot of+ much+ man$

some

Use Examples

W$th mass and count nouns $n pos$t$*esentencesIn o,,ers and reBuests

I bought some tea."he made some appo$ntments.Would you l$ke some co,,ee%?ould I ha*e some $n,ormat$on%

an$

Use ExamplesW$th mass and count nouns $n negat$*esentences $n Buest$ons

I d$dnt buy any apples.!e d$dnt spend any money.#$d they g$*e you any help%

#o you ha*e any Buest$ons%

a lot of lots of

Use ExamplesW$th mass and count nouns $n pos$t$*esentences

Theres a lot o, tra,,$c today.There are a lot o, cars $n the c$ty centre.ots o, people go ogg$ng $n the park.

much

Use ExamplesW$th mass nouns $n negat$*e sentences&and $n Buest$ons

We ha*ent got much luggage.I dont ha*e much t$me.!ow much paper do you need%

man$

Use ExamplesW$th count nouns $n negat$*e sentences&and $n Buest$ons

We ha*ent got many su$tcases."he d$dnt ha*e many meet$ngs.!ow many people d$d you $n*$te%

In pos$t$*e sentences +any people are on hol$day th$s week.

) In pos$t$*e sentences& a lot of / lots of$s more common than many.

) We can use a lot of / lots of$n negat$*e sentences and $n Buest$ons.

)Lots of$s mostly used $n $n,ormal spoken Engl$sh.

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Present Perfect Simple

PositiveVerbexamples

NegativeVerbexamples

I

YouWeThey

*e (ha*e

!e"heIt

s (has

arr$*ed.begun.

I

YouWeThey

ha*ent(ha*e not

!e"heIt

hasnt (hasnot

arr$*ed.begun.

Question Verbexamples

Short answer Verbexamples

!a*e

I

youwethey

!as

heshe$t

arr$*ed%begun%

Yes&

'o&

I

youwethey

ha*e.

ha*ent.

Yes&

'o&

heshe$t

has.

hasnt.

Use Examples-$n$shed exper$ences $n your l$,e up tonow

"hes l$*ed $n ?h$na and 4apan.!es had exper$ence o, market$ng

!a*e you e*er been to 7ra6$l%Recent s$tuat$ons and act$ons $n a t$me upto now

We*e reduced pr$ces.?orporate bus$ness has $ncreaseds$gn$,$cantly.!a*e you had a hol$day th$s year%

"$tuat$ons that started $n the past and st$llcont$nue

!es been an arch$tect s$nce 2FF9."hes had a translat$on agency ,or tenyears.!ow long ha*e you known her%

;ast act$ons $n a t$me up to now where weg$*e the Buant$ty

"hes des$gned a lot o, ,ash$on $tems ,or7urberrys.

!ow many letters ha*e you wr$tten%

) gone to or been to%5nns goneto 'ew York& means shes $n 'ew York now& or shes on her way there.5nns %eento 'ew York& means shes not $n 'ew York now. !er *$s$t $s o*er.

) contracted ,ormsIn spoken Engl$sh& we usually say I,ve& you,re& he,s& etc.In ,ormal& wr$tten Engl$sh we normally use I have& you have& he has& etc.

) -or $n,ormat$on on yet& ust& already& see page //. "ee =rammar t$mel$nes on page /:.

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Present Perfect Continuous

Positive NegativeIYou

WeThey

*e (ha*e

!e"heIt

s (has

beenwork$ng.

IYou

WeThey

ha*ent

(ha*e not

!e"heIt

hasnt (hasnot

beenwork$ng.


!a*e

Iyouwe

they

!as

heshe$t

been

work$ng%

Yes&

'o&

Iyouwe

they

ha*e.

ha*ent.

Yes&

'o&

heshe$t

has.

hasnt.

Use Examples5ct$ons that began $n the past andcont$nue to the present

We*e been produc$ng pens s$nce the 2FG0s.!es been l$*$ng here ,or ,$*e years.!ow long ha*e you been learn$ng Engl$sh%

5ct$ons that began $n the past and ha*e

ust stopped

You look *ery t$red. !a*e you been work$ng%

Im hot because I*e been runn$ng.

) The ;resent ;er,ect ?ont$nuous and "$mple are s$m$lar $n mean$ng. The ,orm we useo,ten depends on whether we are more $nterested $n the act$on or $ts result.I,ve %een fixingthe car. (+y hands are d$rty.I,ve fixedthe car. ('ow I can dr$*e to work.

) We use the ;resent ;er,ect ?ont$nuous to say how long.They,ve %een interviewingpeople s$nce 20 a.m."he,s %een writingletters all morning.We use the ;resent ;er,ect "$mple to say how many.They,ve interviewed ninepeople. "he,s written fiveletters.

for and since

Use Examples Use ExamplesW$th a per$od o,t$me

!or three days&,$*e hours& a month&ten m$nutes& agesA

W$th a po$nt $n t$me Since Tuesday&G 5ugust& > oclock&last summer& 2FG9...

!uture- going to

H


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Positive NegativeI

m (am

!e

"heIt

s ($s

YouWeThey

re (are

go$ng tobeg$n.

I m not (amnot

!e

"heIt $snt ($s not

YouWeThey

arent (arenot

go$ng tobeg$n.


5mI

Is

he

she$t

5reyouwethey

go$ng tobeg$n%

Yes&

'o&I

am.

m not.

Yes&'o&

heshe$t

$s.$snt.

Yes&

'o&

youwethey

are.

arent.

Use Examples-uture plans& $ntent$ons& and dec$s$ons Were go$ng to buy a new car soon.

When are you go$ng to ha*e a hol$day%Im not go$ng to ha*e lunch today.

-uture act$ons we ,eel certa$n aboutbecause o, what we can see now.

The skys *ery dark. Im sure $ts go$ng tora$n.ook out That cars go$ng to h$t you

) W$th come and go& we usually use the ;resent ?ont$nuous.Im goingon hol$day soon.5re they comingby car on "aturday%

!uture- Present Continuous

-or ;resent ?ont$nuous ,orm see page 09.

Use Examples-$xed ,uture arrangements Im ,ly$ng to Tokyo at 20 a.m. tomorrow.

When $s the ;res$dent arr$*$ng%Im not play$ng gol, th$s weekend.

!uture- will

G


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Positive Verb example Negative Verb exampleIYou!e

"heItWeThey

ll (w$ll arr$*e.

IYou!e

"heItWeThey

wont

(w$ll not arr$*e.

Question Verb example Short answer Verb example

W$ll

IYou!e"he

ItWeThey

arr$*e%

Yes&

'o&

IYou!e"he

ItWeThey

w$ll.

wont (w$llnot.

Use Examples-uture ,acts and pred$ct$ons The new hotel w$ll cost 1 20 m$ll$on.

The construct$on work wont start unt$l nextyear.!ow many obs w$ll there be%

#ec$s$ons made at the t$me o, speak$ng Ill g$*e you the report today.!old on a m$nute. Ill wr$te down your phonenumber.

.ero Conditional

I, J ;resent "$mple J ;resent "$mple

Positive NegativeI, I read too much& I get a headache I, I d$dnt read too much& I d$dnt get a

headache.

Question NegativeYou get a headache $, you read too much% Yes& I get.

'o& I dont get.

/stConditional

F


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I, J ;resent "$mple J w$ll J $n,$n$t$*e (w$thout to

Positive NegativeI, they o,,er me the ob& Ill accept $t.

Well ha*e a lot o, work $, we get thecontract.

I, you dont study more& youll ,a$l your

exam.They wont *$s$t us $, theyre *ery busy.I, they dont lea*e now& they wont arr$*eon t$me.

Question NegativeW$ll you buy a new car $, you ha*e the money%I, you ask h$m& w$ll he tell you%What w$ll he do $, h$s plane arr$*es late%

Yes& I w$ll.'o& he wont.)

Use Examples-uture poss$b$l$t$es and the$r results I, the proposal becomes a real$ty& $t w$ll

re*olut$on$6e tra$n tra*el $n Europe.I, the weather $s bad& the tra$n w$ll arr$*e be,orethe plane.

) The if clause can come be,ore or a,ter the ma$n clause. When the ifclause comes,$rst& we usually put a comma between $t and the ma$n clause.(fthe meet$ng $s success,ul& well s$gn the contract.Well s$gn the contract ifthe meet$ng $s success,ul.

) -or th$ngs we are certa$n w$ll happen& we use when nor if.Whenhe returns ,rom the K"5& hell contact you. (We know he w$ll return.Well lea*e whenwe ,$n$sh the work. (We know we w$ll ,$n$sh the work.

0ndConditional

I, J ;ast "$mple J would J $n,$n$t$*e (w$thout to

Positive NegativeI, I had more t$me& ILd tra*el more.

!eLd understand the reason $, youexpla$ned $t.

I, he d$dnt earn so much& he wouldnLtspend so much.I wouldnLt $n*est $n that company $, I wereyou.

Question NegativeWould you stop work $, you won 1 2 m$ll$on%Would he work abroad $, he got the chance%I, you had s$x months o,, work& how would youspend the t$me%

Yes& I would.'o& he wouldnLt.)

Use Examples

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Knl$kely or unreal s$tuat$ons andthe$r probable results

I, publ$c transport were ,ree& there would be,ewer cars $n the c$ty centres.I, I were the Transport +$n$ster& I would $ncrease

petrol pr$ces.

) The if clause can come be,ore or a,ter the ma$n clause. When the ifclause comes,$rst& we usually put a comma between $t and the ma$n clause.I, I won a lot o, money& ILd buy a -errar$.ILd buy a -errar$ $, I won a lot o, money.

) W$th I& he& and she& we can use was $nstead o, were $n the ifclause& espec$ally $n amore $n,ormal style.I, $t wasless expens$*e& he would buy $t.

) ?ould $s both the ;ast and the ?ond$t$onal o, can.When she l$*ed $n ;ar$s& she could visitthe ou*re at any t$me. (;ast

We could ma1esome o, the money $, we charged motor$sts. (?ond$t$onal

) The ;ast tense does not re,er to past t$me $n a cond$t$onal sentence. I, re,ers to anunreal s$tuat$on.I, ( werethe Transport +$n$ster... (but ILm not.

2rdConditional

I, J ;ast ;er,ect J would ha*e J ;ast ;art$c$ple

Positive NegativeI, I had stud$ed& I would ha*e passed theexam.

I, I had known that day we had a test& Iwouldnt ha*e spent the n$ght dr$nk$ng.

Question NegativeWould you ha*e passed the exam $, youhad stud$ed%

Yes& I would ha*e.'o& I wouldnt ha*e.

Use Examples?r$t$c$6$ng people& po$nt$ng out the$r

m$stakes or express$ng regret about thepast.

I, I had known& I would ha*e gone to *$s$t

you.

)odal ver%s

?an ?ould +ay +$ght "hall "hould W$ll would +ust +ustnLt 'eednLt

+odal *erbs add extra mean$ng to the ma$n *erb.

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Use Examples

'ecess$ty !e mustha*e a *$sa.

;roh$b$t$on !e mustn3t lea*e w$thout pay$ng.

'o necess$ty You needn3tmake an appo$ntment.

5d*$ce You shouldalways be punctual.

You shouldn3tuse ,$rst names.

;oss$b$l$ty ;aperwork cantake a long t$me.

Your host ma$$n*$te you to h$s home.

I mightbe late.

Use Examples

;erm$ss$on CanI use your phone%

CouldI $nterrupt you ,or a moment%

)a$I borrow your car%

5b$l$ty Canyou speak "pan$sh%

"he couldsw$m when she was three.

ReBuests Couldyou repeat that& please%

Willyou post th$s letter ,or me%

Wouldyou type th$s letter& please%

C,,ers Wouldyou l$ke a dr$nk%

ShallI call a tax$ ,or you%

) The ,orm o, a modal *erb $s the same ,or all persons. We donLt add )s to the / rd

person s$ngular o, a modal *erb.

I@You@!e@"he@It@We@They ma$arr$*e late.!e canspeak =erman.

) We donLt use to a,ter modal *erbs.I must to go now.

) To make the negat$*e o, a modal *erb& we add not or nLt. We donLt use donLt anddoesnLt.!e can3t@cannotspeak 4apanese.You mustn3t@must notdr$*e on the r$ght $n the KM."he may notarr$*e be,ore you lea*e.

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) We canLt add )nLt to may."he maynLt arr$*e be,ore you lea*e.

) We put the modal *erb be,ore I@you@he& etc. to make a Buest$on.Should (con,$rm the book$ng by letter%

) W$th I and we& we use shall ,or o,,ers& and when ask$ng ,or and mak$ng suggest$ons.ShallI close the door%What shall we do%Shallwe go to the park%

) We can use ha*e to ,or necess$ty.I have towork o*ert$me somet$mes.We can use donLt ha*e to when there $s no necess$ty.( don3t have towork on "aturdays.

&he Passive

7e ($s@was@ha*e been& etc. J past part$c$ple (produced@bu$lt@grown& etc.

Positive Negative?o,,ee is grown$n 7ra6$l.The company was founded$n 2FH0.V$nes have %een grown$n th$s area ,oro*er 9000 years.

?$garette ad*ert$s$ng isn3t allowed$nc$nemas.;r$ces weren3t increasedlast year.5 dec$s$on hasn,t %een madeyet.

Question Short answer"re;eugeot cars made$n -rance%Werethe goods deliveredon t$me%Hasthe ,actory %een %uiltyet%!ow ischampagne produced%When will$t %e finished%!ow long hasth$s method %een used%

Yes& they are.'o& they werenLt.Yes& $t has.)))

Use Examples

We use the ;ass$*e when the person orth$ng that does the act$on $snLt $mportant& orwhen we donLt know who does $t. I, wewant to say who does or d$d the act$on weuse by.

"ctiveThe arch$tect I+ ;e$ designedthe ou*re;yram$d $n ;ar$s.

PassiveThe ou*re ;yram$d $n ;ar$s was designed

by I+ ;e$.

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Prepositions of time

)onthseason$earcentur$

(n

4une

W$nter2FF:

The 92stcentury

Part of the da$

(n

The morn$ng

The a,ternoon

The e*en$ng

4a$date

#n

Tuesday

: #ecember

Easter +onday

?hr$stmas #ay

-r$day morn$ng

Wednesday e*en$ngs.

&imemeal time

"t

"$x oLclock

unch t$me

+$dn$ght

Period of two or three da$s

"t

The weekend

?hr$stmas

Easter

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Prepositions of place and direction

preposition use examples

abo*e h$gher than sth. The p$cture hangs abo*e my bed.

across ,rom one s$de to theother s$de

You mustnLt go across th$s road here.There $snLt a br$dge across the r$*er.

a,ter one ,ollows the other The cat ran a,ter the dog.5,ter you.

aga$nst d$rected towards sth. The b$rd ,lew aga$nst the w$ndow.

along$n a l$neN ,rom one po$ntto another

TheyLre walk$ng along the beach.

among $n a group I l$ke be$ng among people.

around $n a c$rcular way WeLre s$tt$ng around the camp,$re.beh$nd at the back o, Cur house $s beh$nd the supermarket.

below lower than sth. #eath Valley $s G: metres below sea le*el.

bes$de next to Cur house $s bes$de the supermarket.

between sth.@sb. $s on each s$deCur house $s between the supermarket and theschool.

by near !e l$*es $n the house by the r$*er.

close to near Cur house $s close to the supermarket.

down ,rom h$gh to low !e came down the h$ll.

,rom the place where $t starts #o you come ,rom Tokyo%

$n ,ront o,the part that $s $n thed$rect$on $t ,aces

Cur house $s $n ,ront o, the supermarket.

$ns$de oppos$te o, outs$de You shouldnLt stay $ns$de the castle.

$nto enter$ng sth. You shouldnLt go $nto the castle.

near close to Cur house $s near the supermarket.

next to bes$de Cur house $s next to the supermarket.

o,, away ,rom sth. The cat umped o,, the roo,.

onto mo*$ng to a place The cat umped onto the roo,.

oppos$te on the other s$de Cur house $s oppos$te the supermarket.

out o, lea*$ng sth. The cat umped out o, the w$ndow.

outs$de oppos$te o, $ns$de ?an you wa$t outs$de%

o*er abo*e sth.@sb. The cat umped o*er the wall.

past go$ng near sth.@sb. =o past the post o,,$ce.

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round $n a c$rcle WeLre s$tt$ng round the camp,$re.

throughgo$ng ,rom one po$nt tothe other po$nt

You shouldnLt walk through the ,orest.

to towards [email protected] l$ke go$ng to 5ustral$a.?an you come to me%IL*e ne*er been to 5,r$ca.

towards $n the d$rect$on o, sth. They walk towards the castle.

under below sth. The cat $s under the table.

up ,rom low to h$gh !e went up the h$ll.

(rregular ver%s

Present Past Past Participle

awake awoke awoken

be was& were beenbear bore bornbeat beat beat

become became becomebeg$n began begunbend bent bentbeset beset beset

bet bet betb$d b$d@bade b$d@b$ddenb$nd bound boundb$te b$t b$tten

bleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbr$ng brought brought

broadcast broadcast broadcastbu$ld bu$lt bu$lt

burn burned@burnt burned@burntburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast cast

catch caught caughtchoose chose chosencl$ng clung clungcome came comecost cost cost

creep crept crept

cut cut cut

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deal dealt dealtd$g dug dug

d$*e d$*ed@do*e d$*eddo d$d done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed@dreamt dreamed@dreamtdr$*e dro*e dr$*endr$nk drank drunk eat ate eaten,all ,ell ,allen,eed ,ed ,ed,eel ,elt ,elt,$ght ,ought ,ought,$nd ,ound ,ound,$t ,$t ,$t

,lee ,led ,led,l$ng ,lung ,lung,ly ,lew ,lown

,orb$d ,orbade ,orb$dden,orget ,orgot ,orgotten,orego(,orgo ,orewent ,oregone,org$*e ,orga*e ,org$*en,orsake ,orsook ,orsaken,ree6e ,ro6e ,ro6en

get got gotteng$*e ga*e g$*engo went gone

gr$nd ground groundgrow grew grownhang hung hunghear heard heardh$de h$d h$ddenh$t h$t h$t

hold held heldhurt hurt hurt

keep kept keptkneel knelt kneltkn$t kn$t kn$t

know knew knowlay la$d la$dlead led led

leap leaped@lept leaped@lept

learn learned@learnt learned@learntlea*e le,t le,tlend lent lentlet let letl$e lay la$n

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l$ght l$ghted@l$t l$ghted

lose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met met

m$sspell m$sspelled@m$sspelt m$sspelled@m$sspeltm$stake m$stook m$staken

mow mowed mowed@mowno*ercome o*ercame o*ercome

o*erdo o*erd$d o*erdoneo*ertake o*ertook o*ertaken

o*erthrow o*erthrew o*erthrownpay pa$d pa$d

plead pled pled

pro*e pro*ed pro*ed@pro*enput put putBu$t Bu$t Bu$tread read readr$d r$d r$dr$de rode r$ddenr$ng rang rungr$se rose r$senrun ran run

saw sawed sawed@sawnsay sa$d sa$d

see saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set set

sew sewed sewed@sewnshake shook shaken

sha*e sha*ed sha*ed@sha*enshear shore shornshed shed shed

sh$ne shone shoneshoe shoed shoed@shodshoot shot shot

show showed showed@shownshr$nk shrank shrunk shut shut shuts$ng sang sungs$nk sank sunk s$t sat sat

sleep slept slept

slay slew sla$nsl$de sl$d sl$d

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sl$ng slung slungsl$t sl$t sl$t

sm$te smote sm$ttensow sowed sowed@sown

speak spoke spoken

speed sped spedspend spent spent

sp$ll sp$lled@sp$lt sp$lled@sp$ltsp$n spun spunsp$t sp$t@spat sp$tspl$t spl$t spl$t

spread spread spread

spr$ng sprang@sprung sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolen

st$ck stuck stuck st$ng stung stungst$nk stank stunk str$de strod str$ddenstr$ke struck struck str$ng strung strungstr$*e stro*e str$*enswear swore swornsweep swept swept

swell swelled swelled@swollensw$m swam swum

sw$ng swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told told

th$nk thought thought

thr$*e thr$*ed@thro*e thr$*edthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden

understand understood understooduphold upheld upheldupset upset upsetwake woke wokenwear wore worn

wea*e wea*ed@wo*e wea*ed@wo*enwed wed wedweep wept weptw$nd wound woundw$n won won

w$thhold w$thheld w$thheld

w$thstand w$thstood w$thstood

2F


20/46


wr$ng wrung wrungwr$te wrote wr$tten

S#C("5 EN65(SH

)eeting people

(ntroductions

+ay@?an I $ntroduce mysel,%+y nameLs... (4ames Turner ,or example.ILm... (+on$Bue 7resson.

+ay@?an I $ntroduce a good ,r$end o, m$ne%

Th$s $s... (Roberto 5ngel$n$.

Excuse me& are you... (#uncan Ross%!ello& you must be... (u$g$ 7ast$n$.

ILd l$ke to@let me $ntroduce you to... (Tony Wh$te.

!ow do you do. !ow do you do.

;leased to meet you. ;leased to meet you& too.

;lease call me... (u$g$. Then you must call me... (+on$Bue.

6reetings

!ello&... (Roberto.=ood@'$ce to see you aga$n.

!ow are you% -$ne& thanks. 5nd you%

!ow are th$ngs% 'ot too bad& thanks.

!owLs the ,am$ly% Very well& thank you.

=ood morn$ng@a,ternoon@e*en$ng.

) We only say =ood n$ght when we are lea*$ng. We donLt use $t as a greet$ng.

6ood%$es

I must go now.We really must lea*e now.I must be o,,.

90


21/46


It was *ery n$ce meet$ng you. I really enoyed meet$ng you& too.

!a*e a good tr$p@ourney@,l$ght. Thank you... (and the same to you.

I hope to see you aga$n. I hope so& too.

I look ,orward to... (see$ng you aga$n.ILm look$ng ,orward to... (our next meet$ng.

"ee youA on the (,$rst 4uly@next week@soon.!a*e a good... tr$p back@,l$ght back.

&elephoning

)a1ing contact

!ello. Th$s $s... (4ames Turner

Is that... (+on$Bue 7resson% Yes& speak$ng.

ILd l$ke to speak to... (+r. 7rown. WhoLs call$ng& please%

?ould I speak to... (+an,red We$ss% +ay I know whoLs call$ng& please%

ILm call$ng about... (the letter I sent you.

!old the l$ne& please.

ILm sorry... (+r We$ss $s $n a meet$ng at the moment.ILm a,ra$d... (heLs busy at present.ILm a,ra$d... (she $snLt here.

5eaving a message

?an I... take a message%?an I... lea*e a message%

?ould you take a message%

?ould you ask... (her to call... (u$g$ 7ast$n$%?ould you tell... (h$m that... (#uncan Ross called%

?ould you spell... (your name& please%WhatLs your number& please%

Welcoming a visitor

92


22/46


The ourney here

#$d you ha*e a good ourney%

!ow was your ,l$ght%

#$d you ha*e any problems ,$nd$ng us%

!ow d$d you get here%

5re you here on bus$ness%

Work

What do you do%

Where do you work%

What are you work$ng on currently%

The weather What was the weather l$ke $n... (ondon%

Tra*el and hol$days

#o you tra*el a lot%

Wh$ch countr$es do you *$s$t%

Where d$d you spend... (your last hol$day%

The *$s$torWhere do you l$*e%

Wh$ch part o, the country@c$ty $s that%

-$rst $mpress$ons

What do you th$nk o,... (the new a$rport%

Is th$s your ,$rst *$s$t to... (7arcelona%

!ow long are you here ,or%

"ports and le$sureWhat do you do at the weekends%

#o you play any sports%

'ewsWhatLs the latest news on... (the elect$on%

Is there any news about... (the con,erence%

Sta$ing at a hotel

7oo1ing a hotel

ILd l$ke to book a s$nge@double room ,or > 5pr$l.

"rriving at a hotel

99


23/46


I ha*e a reser*at$on.

)a1ing re8uests

ILd l$ke a room& please.

?ould I ha*e an early morn$ng call& at :./0%?ould I ha*e my b$ll& please%?an I pay by cred$t card%

"t a restaurant

9ecommendingWhat do you recommend%The... (sea,ood $s usually excellent here.I recommend the... (ch$cken.

#rderingILll@WeLll ha*e... (smoked "cott$sh salmon.

ILd@WeLd l$ke... (the roast 'ormandy pork.

?ould we ha*e... (a bottle o, m$neral water%

#ffering#o ha*e some more... (prawns.What about... (dessert%!ow about... (some strawberr$es%Would you l$ke... (a co,,ee%

"cceptingYes& ILd l$ke that.Yes& that would be *ery n$ce.

4ecliningThank you& but I couldnLt eat any more.

'o& thank you.

&han1ing and responding

Thank you ,or a really excellent meal. #onLt ment$on $t.

Thank you ,or a lo*ely e*en$ng. I enoyed $t *ery much& too.

)a1ing arrangements

)a1ing an appointment

WhenWhat t$me

would be con*en$ent ,or you%could we meet%are you ,ree%

would su$t you%

9/


24/46


"hall we say... (next Tuesday% Yes&... (Tuesday su$ts me ,$ne.

Is... (F./0 poss$ble ,or you% Yes& thatLs ,$ne.

!ow about... (-r$day% Yes& I can make $t on... (-r$day.

What about... (the a,ternoon% 'o& ILm a,ra$d IL*e got another appo$ntmentthen.

I look ,orward to meet$ng you on... (Wednesday."ee you... (next week.

Changing an appointmentILm *ery sorry I ha*e to cancel the appo$ntment on... (-r$day.ILm a,ra$d I canLt manage our meet$ng... (tomorrow.?ould we arrange another t$me%

#pinions and suggestions

5sk$ng ,or op$n$ons

What do you th$nk about... (the des$gn%

WhatLs your op$n$on o,... (the Bual$ty%

!ow do you ,eel about... (the pr$ce%

5gree$ng

I agree.

I certa$nly agree w$th that.

I agree completely.

5sk$ng ,or suggest$ons

#o you ha*e any suggest$ons ,or... (theagenda%

5ny $deas on... (the park$ng problem%

+ak$ng suggest$ons

I suggest... (we meet at the hotel.

!ow about... (go$ng by plane%

What about... (g$*$ng a talk%Why donLt we... (ha*e a meet$ng%

Why not... (,$n$sh w$th a party%

We could... (arrange a tenn$s tournament.

=$*$ng op$n$onsIn my op$n$on... ($tLs excellent.

I th$nk... ($tLs rather expens$*e.

9>


25/46


#$sagree$ngILm a,ra$d I donLt agree.

ILm sorry& but I d$sagree.

5ccept$ng suggest$ons

Yes& thatLs a good $dea.

Yes& letLs do that.

Reect$ng "uggest$ons

Yes& but... ($tLs too ,ar away.

ILm not sure about that.

ILm a,ra$d I donLt l$ke that $dea.

(nvitations

In*$t$ng

ILd l$ke to $n*$te you to... (ha*e d$nner w$th me.

Would you o$n us... (,or a game o, tenn$s%

Would you l$ke to... (come sw$mm$ng%

Why donLt you... (ha*e lunch w$th us%

!ow about... (o$n$ng us%

5ccept$ng

Thank you. ILm del$ghted to accept.

Thank you. ILd lo*e to.

Thank you. ILd enoy that.

#ecl$n$ngILd lo*e to& but... (ILm a,ra$d I canLt.

Thanks a lot but... (IL*e made another arrangement.

#ffers

C,,er$ng

"hall I... (open the w$ndow%

#o you want me to... (post the letter ,or you%

I, you l$ke& I can... (g$*e you some help.

Would you l$ke me to... (arrange a meet$ng%

5ccept$ng

Yes& please.

Thank you.

ThatLs *ery k$nd o, you.

Thank you. ILd apprec$ate that.

93


26/46


#ecl$n$ng

Thanks& but please donLt bother.

Thanks& but that wonLt be necessary.

ThatLs *ery k$nd o, you& but... (I can manage.

9e8uests

ReBuest$ng

?an you... (come tomorrow%

?ould you... (wr$te her a letter%

Would you... (book the hotel%

#o you th$nk you could... (check $t%

Would you m$nd... (check$ng $t%

#o you m$nd... (check$ng $t%

5gree$ng

Yes& o, course.

Yes& certa$nly.

'ot at all.

'o& o, course not.

Re,us$ng

I th$nk that w$ll be d$,,$cult... (there $snLt enough t$me.ILm a,ra$d not... (ILm *ery busy.

ILm sorry& but thatLs not poss$ble... (ILm lea*$ng now.

ILm a,ra$d not.

"s1ing for information

5sk$ng

ILd l$ke some $n,ormat$on about... (,$ghts to ;ar$s.

ILd l$ke to know... (how long $t takes.

#o you know... (when the tra$n arr$*es%

?an@could you tell me... (how o,ten the tra$ns lea*e%

"how$ng understand$ng

I see.

R$ght& IL*e got that.

"o&... (the next tra$nLs $n hal, an hour

9:


27/46


?heck$nget me check.

ILll look that up.

5sk$ng ,or repet$t$on

?ould you repeat that& please%

?ould you say that aga$n%

5polog$6$ngILm a,ra$d I donLt ha*e any $n,ormat$on about... (domest$c,l$ghts.

Social responses

&han1ing

Thanks ,or all your help.

Thank you ,or your ad*$ce.

#onLt ment$on $t.

'ot at all.

YouLre welcome. (K"

"pologi:ing

"orry ILm late.

ILm sorry. IL*e broken a glass.

It doesnLt matter.

#onLt worry.

'e*er m$nd.

"s1ing for repetition

"orry%;ardon%?ould you repeat that& please%ILm sorry& I d$dnLt catch... (your name.

"s1ing and giving permission

+ay I s$t here%

?ould I use your phone%

#o you m$nd $, I open the w$ndow%

Yes& o, course.

;lease do.

Yes& certa$nly.

'o& not at all.

9efusing permission

?ould I borrow your car%

#o you m$nd $, I smoke%

"orry& but I need $t.

Well& ILd rather you d$dnLt.

9H


28/46


6iving and passing things

!a*e you got the t$ckets%

?ould you pass the bread& please%

Yes& here they are.

Yes& here you are.

Expressing surprise

They*e got s$x ch$ldren now. Really

9esponding to good news

IL*e passed my ,$nal exams ?ongratulat$ons

ThatLs great

9esponding to %ad news

I ,a$led my dr$*$ng test. Ch& ILm sorry to hear that.

9esponding to good wishes

!a*e a good weekend.

I hope you enoy your hol$day.

Thanks. You too.

Thanks& and the same to you.

Sa$ing good%$e

&han1ing for hospitalit$

Thank you ,or $n*$t$ng us.

,or e*eryth$ng.

*ery much ,or your hosp$tal$ty.

WeL*e had a wonder,ul t$me.

It was really enoyable.

I really apprec$ate $t.

E*eryth$ng was great.

Thanks a lot.

9esponding to than1s

9G


29/46


ILm glad you could come.

enoyed $t.

,ound $t $nterest$ng.

l$ke $t.

"s1ing for help

"orry& I donLt understand.I donLt know what... (currently means.

What does... (work$ng knowledge mean%What do you call th$s $n Engl$sh%!ow do you say... (e *oudra$s une chambre $n Engl$sh%?ould you say that aga$n& please%?ould you repeat that& please%?ould you speak more slowly& please%?ould you spell that& please%?ould you wr$te that down& please%

9F


30/46


#&HE9 USE!U5 (N!#9)"&(#N

7usiness correspondence

?K''I'=!5+ 5""C?I5TE"9:& Trent Rd& 7$cester& Cxon CO: GR'TelD 0G:2 90>F30 -axD 0G:2 90>F00

99 -ebruary 2FF:

4ean ;aul eclercP$gPag "5H>& rue 4ules -erryH322: ;ar$s

#ear +r ederc

Thank you ,or your letter o, 23 4anuary. I apolog$6e ,or not reply$ng sooner.

I am wr$t$ng to $n,orm you that I am com$ng to ;ar$s on H +arch.

I would be del$ghted to meet you to d$scuss the ,ash$on show& as you suggested.

Kn,ortunately& as I am ,ly$ng to Rome $n the a,ternoon& I w$ll not be able to *$s$t your,actory& and cannot attend your company d$nner $n the e*en$ng.

I would be grate,ul $, you could send me your catalogue and pr$ce l$st as soon as

poss$ble& as I would l$ke to show your "ummer ?ollect$on to the ,ash$on buyers at ourmonthly meet$ng next week.

I am enclos$ng a copy o, an excellent maga6$ne art$cle about ,ash$on reta$lers $n th$scountry. I hope you ,$nd $t $nterest$ng.

I look ,orward to meet$ng you next month. ;lease let me know $, you would l$ke any,urther $n,ormat$on.

Yours s$ncerely

#a*$d ?unn$ngham

/0


31/46


;res$dent

#pening

#ear "$r

+adam

+r... +urphy

+rs... !obbs

+$ss... Young

+s... Wh$te

.... =eorge

#r... =reen

) When you donLt know the rece$*erLs name& use "$r or +adam.-or a man& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +r.-or a marr$ed woman& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +rs. or +s.-or an unmarr$ed woman& use the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name w$th +$ss or +s.-or a close bus$ness contact or ,r$end& use the rece$*erLs ,$rst name.-or a doctor& us #r. and the ,am$ly name.

) +s can replace +rs and +$ss. It doesnLt $nd$cate whether a woman $s marr$ed.

)a1ing reference

Thank you ,or your telephone call today.

W$th re,erence to your letter o, G 4anuary...

-urther to Your letter o, /0 5ugust&...

"pologi:ing

/2


32/46


I apolog$6e ,or the delay.

not reply$ng sooner.

I am sorry that I am not able to help you.

Explaining the reason for writing

I am wr$t$ng to ask you...

enBu$re about...

$n,orm you that...

con,$rm...

"greeing to re8uests

I would be #el$ghted to...

pleased to...

6iving %ad news

I am a,ra$d that...Kn,ortunately...

9e8uesting

I would be grate,ul $, you could...We would apprec$ate $t $, you could...?ould you poss$bly...%

Enclosing documents

I ha*e pleasure $n enclos$ng...I am enclos$ng...I enclose...

9eferring to future contact

I look ,orward to

meet$ng you next month.

rece$*$ng your reply.

hear$ng ,rom you soon.

!inishing

/9


33/46


;lease let me know $,

;lease contact us aga$n $,

you ha*e any Buest$ons.

we can help $n any way.

you would l$ke ,urther $n,ormat$on.

Closing

Yours ,a$th,ully

s$ncerely

7est w$shes

) When you open the letter w$th #ear "$r or #ear +adam& use Yours ,a$th,ully.When you open the letter w$th the rece$*erLs ,am$ly name& use Yours s$ncerely.

-or a close bus$ness contact or ,r$end& use 7est w$shes.

"merican English

Th$s sect$on descr$bes some d$,,erences between 5mer$can and 7r$t$sh Engl$sh. Thed$,,erences are not *ery great& and they may *ary between reg$ons across the K"5.

havehave gotTo express possess$on& 7r$t$sh people o,ten say ha*e got.

7ritish 7ritish"merican

(3ve gota =erman car.

Haveyou gota ,ax mach$ne%

Yes& ( have.

'o& ( haven3t.

( havean Ital$an car.

4oyou haveany ch$ldren%

Yes& ( do.

'o& ( don3t.

The d$,,erence $s only $n the ;resent "$mple. There $s no d$,,erence $n other tenses.When we use the *erb ha*e ,or an act$on& there $s no d$,,erence between 5mer$canand 7r$t$sh Engl$sh.

7ritish"merican

I ha*e an Engl$sh lesson e*ery week.

#o you ha*e co,,ee ,or break,ast%

Yes& ( do.

'o& ( don3t.

Present PerfectPast Simple

Where 7r$t$sh Engl$sh uses the ;resent ;er,ect& 5mer$can Engl$sh o,ten uses the ;ast"$mple.

//


34/46


7ritish "merican

IL*e ust ,$n$shed the report.

!a*e you seen her yet%

I ha*enLt ,$n$shed the work yet.WeLre already met.

I ust ,$n$shed the report.

#$d you see her yet%

I d$dnLt ,$n$sh the work yet.We already met.

4ates ;written0


41/46


see o,, ) accompany someone to the beg$nn$ng o, a tr$psend back ) send to a place where ,ormerly locatedsend o*er ) send to where someone $sset up ) arrangeshow o,, ) exh$b$t ostentat$ously

shut o,, ) cause to cease ,unct$on$ngslow up ) cause to mo*e more slowlyspell out ) enumerateN state $n deta$lstand up ) ,a$l to keep an appo$ntment w$thsweep out ) sweep the $ns$de o, take back ) returnN retract a statementtake down ) remo*e ,rom a h$gh pos$t$onN wr$te ,rom d$ctat$ontake $n ) understoodN ,oolN dece$*eN make smaller ($n sew$ngtake o*er ) takeN assume command o, tear down ) destroytear up ) tear $nto small p$eces

tell o,, ) scoldN repr$mandth$nk o*er ) cons$der th$nk through ) cons$der ,rom beg$nn$ng to endth$nk up ) createN $n*entthrow away ) d$scardthrow o*er ) reectt$e up ) t$e securely or t$ghtt$re out ) cause to be exhaustedtouch up ) repa$r try on ) put on a garment to *er$,y the ,$ttry out ) testturn down ) re,useN lower the *olumeturn out ) produceN ,orce $nto ex$le& ext$ngu$sh (a l$ghtwash o,, ) wash the sur,ace o, wash out ) wash the $ns$de o, wear out ) use unt$l no longer usableN t$re greatlyw$nd up ) ,$n$sh& t$ghten the spr$ng o, a watch or mach$new$pe o,, ) w$pe the sur,ace o, w$pe out ) w$pe the $ns$de o,N dec$matework out ) sol*ewr$te down ) recordwr$te out ) wr$te down e*ery deta$lN spell outwr$te up ) composeN prepare (a document

(nsepara%le

back out o, ) desertN ,a$l to keep a prom$sebear down on ) lean onN browbeatbear on ) ha*e to do w$thbear up under ) endurebreak $n on ) $nterruptbreak $nto ) $nterruptcall ,or ) come to getN reBu$recare ,or ) l$keN guardN super*$seN ma$nta$n

carry on w$th ) cont$nue

>2


42/46


catch up w$th ) co*er the d$stance between onesel, andcheck up on ) exam$neN *er$,ycome across ) ,$nd acc$dentallycome along w$th ) accompanyN make progresscome by ) ,$nd acc$dentally

come down w$th ) become $ll w$thcome out w$th ) utterN producecome up w$th ) utterN producecount on ) rely oncut $n on ) $nterruptd$sagree w$th ) cause $llness or d$scom,ort todo away w$th ) abol$shdo w$thout ) depr$*e onesel, o,drop $n at@on ) *$s$t casually w$thout plann$ngdrop out o, ) lea*eN Bu$t,ace up to ) acknowledge

,all beh$nd $n ) lagN not progress at reBu$red pace,all back on ) use ,or emergency purpose,all out w$th ) Buarrel w$th,$ll $n ,or ) subst$tute ,orget ahead o, ) surpassN beatget around ) e*adeN a*o$dget away w$th ) do w$thout be$ng caught or pun$shedget by w$th ) manage w$th a m$n$mum o, e,,ortget down to ) become ser$ous aboutN cons$derget $n ) enter (a *eh$cleget o,, ) descend ,romN lea*eget on ) enter (a *eh$cleN mountget on w$th ) proceed w$thget through w$th ) term$nate& ,$n$shgo back on ) desertN ,a$l to keep (a prom$sego ,or ) l$ke a great dealgo $n ,or ) be $nterested $nN part$c$pate $ngo on w$th ) cont$nuego o*er ) re*$ewgo w$th ) harmon$6e w$thN look pleas$ng togethergo w$thout ) absta$n ,romhang around ) rema$n $dly $n the *$c$n$ty o,hear ,rom ) rece$*e a commun$cat$on ,rom

hear o, ) learn about (somet$mes acc$dentallyh$t on ) d$sco*er acc$dentallyhold on to ) grasp t$ghtlyhold out aga$nst ) res$stkeep at ) perse*ere atkeep to ) pers$st $nN cont$nuekeep up w$th ) ma$nta$n the pace o,l$e down on ) e*adeN ,a$l to dol$*e on ) support or susta$n onesel, by means o,l$*e up to ) ma$nta$n the standard demanded o,look a,ter ) take care o,

look back on ) remember nostalg$cally

>9


43/46


look down on ) ,eel super$or tolook ,orward to ) ant$c$patelook up to ) respectN adm$remake up ,or ) compensate ,or

pass on ) transm$t

p$ck on ) teaseN bullyplay up to ) ,latter ,or personal ad*antageput up w$th ) tolerateread up on ) search out $n,ormat$on onrun aga$nst ) compete aga$nst $n an elect$onrun away w$th ) lea*eN escape ,romrun ,or ) campa$gn ,orsee about ) cons$derN arrangesee to ) arrangeN super*$sesettle on ) dec$de onN choosestand ,or ) representN perm$t

stand up ,or ) supportN demandstand up to ) res$stst$ck to ) pers$stst$ck up ,or ) supportN de,endtake a,ter ) resembletalk back to ) answer $mpol$telytalk o*er ) d$scusstell on ) report m$sbeha*$or to author$tytouch on ) ment$on br$e,lyturn $nto ) becomewa$t on ) ser*ewa$t up ,or ) not go to bed wh$le wa$t$ng ,orwatch out ,or ) be care,ul ,or(ntransitive

back down ) retreat ,rom a pos$t$on $n an argumentback out ) desertN ,a$l to keep a prom$seback up ) mo*e backwardsbear up ) endureblow $n ) drop $n to *$s$t unexpectedlyblow o*er ) pass w$thout do$ng harmblow up ) explodeN lose oneLs tempercall up ) telephonecalm down ) become calm

carry on ) cont$nue as be,oreN m$sbeha*ecatch on ) understandcatch up ) co*er the d$stance between onesel, and a mo*$ng goalcheck up ) $n*est$gatecheck out ) lea*eN pay oneLs b$llcheer up ) become cheer,ulclear out ) lea*eclear up ) become clearclose down ) close permanentlyclose up ) close temporar$lycame about ) happen

come along ) accompanyN make progress

>/


44/46


come back ) returncome by ) *$s$t someone $n h$s homecome out ) appearN make a soc$al debutcome o*er ) come to someoneLs house& to where someone $scome through ) succeed

come to ) rega$n consc$ousnesscut $n ) $nterruptd$e away ) ,adeN d$m$n$shd$e down ) ,adeN d$m$n$shd$e o,,@out ) d$sappearN become ext$nctdress up ) don ,ancy or unusual clothesdr$*e back ) return by cardrop $n ) *$s$t someone casually w$thout plann$ngdrop out ) abandon some organ$6ed act$*$tyN lea*eN Bu$tdrop o*er ) *$s$t someone casually,all beh$nd ) not progress at reBu$red pace

,all o,, ) decreaseN lose we$ght,all through ) ,a$lN not be accompl$shed,$ll $n ) subst$tute,$nd out ) learn,ly back ) return by a$r,ly o*er ) ,ly to where someone $sget ahead ) make progressget along ) ha*e a ,r$endly relat$onsh$pget around ) c$rculateN mo*e aboutget away ) escapeget by ) manageN e$ther ust barely or w$th a m$n$mum o, e,,ortget $n ) enterget o,, ) descend ,rom lea*eget on ) enter (a *eh$cleN mount (a horse& etc.get on@along ) progressN be compat$bleget up ) r$seget through ) ,$n$shg$*e out ) become exhaustedg$*e up ) surrenderN ,a$l to ,$n$shgo back ) returngo o,, ) explodego on ) happenN cont$nuego out ) stop burn$ngN lea*e oneLs res$dence

go o*er ) goN succeedgrow up ) maturehang around ) rema$n $dlyN dawdlehang up ) replace a telephone rece$*e on $ts hookhold on ) grasp t$ghtlyN perse*ereN wa$t wh$le telephon$nghold out ) cont$nue to res$stN perse*ereN pers$stkeep on ) cont$nuekeep up ) ma$nta$n the reBu$red pace or standardN cont$nuelet up ) d$m$n$sh $n $ntens$tyl$e down ) recl$nelook on ) be a spectator

make out ) progressN succeed

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make up ) become reconc$ledmo*e o*er ) mo*e to the s$de

pan out ) turn out wellN be success,ulpass out ) become unconsc$ouspass on ) d$e

p$ck up ) growN $ncreasepull $n ) arr$*epull out ) deportpull through ) sur*$*e (barelyr$de o*er ) r$de to where someone $srun away ) escapeN lea*eN lea*e Bu$ckly w$thout perm$ss$onrun down ) slowly lose power so as to stop ,unct$on$ngrun o,, ) depart runn$ngN dra$nsell out ) sell the ownersh$p or respons$b$l$tysettle up ) pay oneLs b$lls or debtsshow o,, ) boast by words or act$ons

show up ) arr$*eN appear unexpectedlyshut up ) stop talk$ngslow up ) reduce speedstand by ) wa$tN be prepared to ass$ststand up ) standN r$se ,rom s$tt$ngN lastN endurestay o*er ) rema$n at someoneLs house o*ern$ght or longerstep as$de ) mo*e to one s$detake o,, ) lea*e the groundtake o*er ) assume commandtalk back ) answer $mpol$telythrow up ) *om$tturn around ) turn so that one $s ,ac$ng another d$rect$onturn $n ) go to bedturn out ) succeedN comeN appear& as at a publ$c meet$ngturn up ) arr$*eN be ,ound unexpectedlywa$t up ) rema$n awake $n ant$c$pat$onwake up ) awakenwalk back ) return on ,oot to where one waswalk o*er ) walk to where someone $swash out ) ,ade or d$sappear ,rom wash$ngwatch out ) be care,ulwear o,, ) ,adeN d$sappear through use or t$mewear out ) become unusable through useN become used up

work out ) be success,ul

&he 5ord,s pra$er

Cur ,ather who art $n hea*en& hollowed be thy name thy k$ngdom come.Thy w$ll be done on earth as $t $s $n hea*en g$*e us& th$s day& our da$ly bread and,org$*e our trespasses as we ,org$*e them that trespass aga$nst us and lead us not $ntotemptat$on but del$*er us ,rom e*$l. 5men

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7108731 Resumo de Todo Um Curso de Ingles

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