Post on 18-Apr-2015
Gestão e Recuperação de
Informação
Informação Geográfica- Introdução
José Borbinha – DEI/IST
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• Contexto e Conceitos Gerais
• Contribuições ISO e OGC
• Exemplos
Informação Geográfica
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Informação Geográfica
• Perspectiva:– Boa parte dos cenários de criação, pesquisa e uso de
informação ocorrem em contextos com atributos geográficos (dados criados por sensores, processos de decisão operacional ou de planeamento dependendo de informação geográfica, necessidades de localização de recursos, ...)
• Soluções:– Incluir requisitos de informação geográfica nos
processos e sistemas de informação (atributos, normas, serviços, ...)
– Promover infra-estruturas de dados espaciais (SDI - “Spatial Data Infrastructures”)
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Incluir requisitos de informação geográfica nos processos e sistemas de informação
(atributos, normas, serviços, ...)
– Considerar Atributos Geográficos no Desenho
– Extrair Valores para Atributos Geográficos (desenvolver “geoparsers”...)
– Dar bom uso ao “portfolio” de técnica de “Information Retrieval” no seu uso nestes contextos...
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Promover infra-estruturas de dados espaciais (SDI - “Spatial Data Infrastructures”)
• Mecanismo para facilitar a criação, recolha, gestão, descoberta, acesso partilha e reutilização de dados geo-espaciais.
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SDI - “Spatial Data Infrastructures”
Service Service ProviderProvider
Service Service ProviderProvider
Service Service RequestRequest
erer
Service Service RequestRequest
erer
Service Service BrokerBroker
Service Service BrokerBroker
Find
Find
PublishPublish
Bind
Bind
Interact
Interact
ServiceDescription
ServiceDescription
Service
Client
Service Oriented Architecture (modelo proposto pelo W3C)
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Exemplos de algumas normas e serviços geográficos recomendados pelo OGC – Open Geographic Consortium...
Service Service ProviderProvider
Service Service ProviderProvider
Service Service RequestRequest
erer
Service Service RequestRequest
erer
Service Service BrokerBroker
Service Service BrokerBroker
Find
Find
PublishPublish
Bind
Bind
Interact
Interact
ServiceDescription
ServiceDescription
Service
Client
OGC WMS,
WFS, WCS, . .
.
OGC Catalog
Services(Z39.50, ...)
ISO 19115 Metadata,...
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• Contexto e Conceitos Gerais
• Contribuições ISO e OGC
• Exemplos
Informação Geográfica
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Taxonomia de serviços segundo o OGC
ServicService e
ProvidProviderer
ServicService e
ProvidProviderer
ServicService e
RequeRequesterster
ServicService e
RequeRequesterster
ServicService e
BrokerBroker
ServicService e
BrokerBroker
Find
Find
PublishPublish
Bind
Bind
Interact
Interact
ServiceDescription
ServiceDescription
Service
Client
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ISO e OGC
• ISO TC211 standards criam as fundações. Exemplo:– 19103 Conceptual Schema– 19107 Spatial Schema– 19108 Temporal Schema– 19111 Coordinate Reference– 19115 Metadata– 19123 Coverage Schema
• Especificações do OGC (Open Geospacial Conortium) servem de implementações de referência para os standards. Exemplo:– Web Mapping Service (WMS): simple graphic images– Web Feature Service (WFS): vector data– Web Coverage Service (WCS): gridded data– Catalog Service: portal index– Geography Markup Language (GML): XML Schema and data
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OGC - OpenGIS Information Framework
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Do “OGC Reference Model”• Web Feature Service (WFS): supports INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE, QUERY and DISCOVERY of geographic features. WFS delivers GML representations of simple geospatial features in response to queries from HTTP clients. Clients access geographic feature data through WFS by submitting a request for just those features that are needed for an application.
• Web Map Service (WMS): returns static maps (server-rendered as pictures)
• Web Coverage Service (WCS): supports the networked interchange of geospatial data as "coverages" containing values or properties of geographic locations. Provides access to intact (unrendered) geospatial information, as needed for client-side rendering, multi-valued
Web Map Server
Web CoverageServer
WebFeatureServer
Perspectiva do OGC:
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ainda do “OGC Reference Model”
(um gazetteer é um “tipo de” WFS – Web Feature Server)• A gazetteer retrieves the geometries for one or more features, given
their associated well-known feature identifiers (text strings). The identifiers are any words or terms that describe the features, which are well known to the gazetteer, such as a set of place names and/or landmarks. Each instance of a gazetteer has an associated vocabulary of identifiers. A gazetteer may apply to a given region, such as a country, or some other specialized grouping of features. A gazetteer may be thought of as a special case of a geocoder.
• A geocoder transforms a description of a feature location, such as a place name, street address or postal code, into a normalized description of the location, which includes a coordinate geometry. A geocoder Service receives a description of a feature location as input and provides a normalized address with geometry as output. The feature location descriptions are any words, codes or terms that describe the features, and that are well-known to the Geocoder Service, such as a street addressing or postal coding scheme.
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Geographic Features (OGC Reference Model)
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Geographic Features(do OGC Reference Model / revisto com o ISO TC 211)
GM = Geometry Model
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Geographic Features(Tipos Geométricos Básicos)
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• Contexto e Conceitos Gerais
• Contribuições ISO e OGC
• Exemplos
Informação Geográfica
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
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Gazetteers
A propósito, iremos falar também disto lá
mais para a frente (aula futura...)
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Gazetteers
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Google Earth
Features
Coverages
Mapas
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ESRI...
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“...A Geo-Net-PT01 contém 418.065 dados geográficos administrativos de Portugal, com informação sobre os distritos, concelhos e ruas, entre outros dados...”
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Perguntas?