Post on 18-Apr-2015
os códigos, as linguagens, as máquinas e e ... Triathlon... “TUDO é software”? :-)
uma VISÃO em 3 atos…
1. os códigos e as linguagens2. as (novas?) máquinas…
3. estudo de caso: joa no triathlon
por jones albuquerque DEINFO-UFRPEISI-TICs / INES
1º. ato
códigos
linguagense máquinas
e triathlon
2010, SCIAM, Endangered Species: Humans Might Have Faced Extinction 1 Million Years Agohttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=early-human-population-size-genetic-diversity
era uma vez…
a gente!
a necessidade de se expressar, e computar... em códigos !
THE ISHAGO BONE, 38.000 BC (???)Origins of Mathematics in the Bunyoro-kitara and Kalahari regions of sub Saharan Africa nearly 40,000 years ago
códigos...
Ancient Chemical Symbols. Psychoanalytic Review, 14:200-206, 1927
Chineses: pictograms, ideograms, iconically…
1436 BC…
1800 – 1050 BC to 1955…
a escrita
maiscódigos...
The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing SystemsDOI 10.1111/b.9780631214816.1999.x
origens da LÍNGUAS faladashttp://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test1materials/origin_of_language.htm
4000 BC www.phoenician.org
ALFABETOS - códigosPortuguês
Grego
http://www.historum.com/ancient-history/1001-most-influential-ancient-civilizations-9.html
códigos antigos X modernos…
Vale do Catimbau – Buíque - PE
GrafitePichação…
X
1453 BC 2013 AC
léxico, sintático, semântico
errado? em relação a que código?
Gramática Da Língua Portuguesa (sebo Amigo)http://produto.mercadolivre.com.br
R$ 10,00
o SENSO numéricohttp://educar.sc.usp.br/matematica/let2.htm#let2a1
quantas pessoas de cada lado?
o caso do corvo de Dantzig
e o da galinha de joa
e agora… quantas pessoas de cada lado? e quantos seres vivos?
a necessidade de computar...
os códigos matemáticos... os NÚMEROShttp://pessoal.sercomtel.com.br/matematica/fundam/numeros/numeros.htm
um fato: ISHANGO bonehttp://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/ishango.html
o SENSO numéricohttp://educar.sc.usp.br/matematica/let2.htm#let2a1
representação do complexo códigos mais densos!http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessiano
um resumo da “codificação” matemática…
até onde conseguimos ler o que está
escrito?http://library.thinkquest.org/22584/emh1000.htm
e a representação do complexo? códigos mais densos!...http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessiano
é a jacobiana, derivada do gradiente…
aplicaçoes???
2º. ato
códigos
linguagens
e máquinase triathlon
Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 21
Here’s some machine code from a MIPS processor:
00000000101000010000000000011000
00000000100011100001100000100001
10001100011000100000000000000000
10001100111100100000000000000100
10101100111100100000000000000000
10101100011000100000000000000100
00000011111000000000000000001000
Okay... did that make sense? Probably not.
• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html
Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 22
Lets look at it in MIPS assembly language:
swap:
muli $2, $5,4
add $2, $4,$2
lw $15, 0($2)
lw $16, 4($2)
sw $16, 0($2)
sw $15, 4($2)
jr $31
Now does that make sense? Better, but still cryptic.• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html
Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 23
What about a high level language, like C swap(int v[], int k) {
int temp;
temp = v[k];
v[k] = v[k+1];
v[k+1] = temp;
}
This probably still doesn’t make sense to most of you. That’s okay. However, you could probably parse it after I explained what everything was.
• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html
escrita + números... MUITOS códigos
linguagens e máquinas...
/http://www.chomsky.info/1928, Professor in Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
1912 - 1954
a necessidade de se expressar e computar automaticamente...
os códigos e as linguagens, 1936... a máquina de turing
máquinas? programáveis? qual o código? a linguagem?
computers? what kind of?
humanoidshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJdiNBRwDW0
ride a bikehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT3vfSQePcs
footballhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B_sB0q4IDU
2013, aug, El robot japonés Kirobo viaja al espacio para una misión histórica
: http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20130804/kirobo-robot-habla-viaja-espacio-para-mision-historica/730541
a revolução pode ser antecipada?http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/silviomeira/blog/2013/10/04/a-revoluo-pode-ser-antecipada/
outras máquinas com seus códigos e linguagens… Moving Things Around
¿O QUE é isso?
mais NOVOS códigos…
A famous and simple one: Game of Life
• Take a look at this applet– http://www.bitstorm.org/gameoflife/
• MATHEMATICAL GAMESThe fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life"
• Scientific American, 223 (October 1970): 120-123.
Rule 30 - 1000 iterações
Flows in Rule 110!!
Rule 110, 150 steps
natural biotic types
Patterns of some seashells, like the ones in Conus and Cymbiola genus, are generated by natural CA.
http://www.answers.com/topic/cellular-automaton
arts
CA music generator
MUSIC is a code by machine...
Let´s take a bit of time with this site– http://tones.wolfram.com/
What can we do with this?
ANKOS – A New Kind of Simulatora cellular automata framework for computational epidemiology
www.epischisto.org
fishy.com.br
A case study…SchistosomiasisCarne de Vaca – GO Ponta do Canoé!
2006 – 2007, data collect in-loco
2006 – 2007, data collect in-loco
http://200.17.137.109:8081/xiscanoe/infra-estrutura/expedicoes
Figure 1.
Adjusted Pre lavence
0to 10 (3)10to
20 (32)
20to 30 (11)30to 50 (3)
Stream
Prevalence per 100 hab
0 to 1 (15)1 20 (17)
20 60 (14)60 80 (2)80 100 (1)
Breeding sites
to
to
toto
water-collecting tank
R iacho D oce
1a. P revalence 1b. Adjusted Prevalence
Male Female Total
Age group Pop1 Posit2 Prev3 Pop Posit Prev Pop Posit Prev
up to 9 99 7 7.1 100 3 3.0 199 10 5.0
10 to 19 109 26 23.9 99 24 24.2 208 50 24.0
20 to 29 76 31 40.8 90 21 23.3 166 52 31.3
30 to 39 88 18 20.5 103 23 22.3 191 41 21.5
>= 40* 141 14 9.9 168 18 10.7 310 32 10.3
unreported 16 3 18.8 10 2 20.0 26 5 19.2
Total 529 99 18.71 570 91 15.96 1100 190 17.3
* No information on sex for one individual. 1 population. 2 Number of positives. 3 Prevalence per 100 inhabitants.
Spatial pattern, water use and risk levels associated with the transmission of schistosomiasis on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. Cad. Saúde Pública vol.26 no.5 Rio de Janeiro May 2010.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000500023
2008 – 2009, data analysis and reports...Parasitological exams on 1100 residents
2008 and 2009 data analysis and reports... Summary data for molluscs collected...
Ecological aspects and malacological survey to identification of transmission risk' sites for schistosomiasis in Pernambuco North Coast, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 2010, vol.100, n.1, pp. 19-24.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212010000100003
Collecting Sites
Alive Dead Positive to S. mansoni
% de infection
I 0 0II 1707 129 4 0,23III 297 198 0 0IV 0 0V 0 0VI 0 0VII 2355 322 37 1,57VIII 76 125 3 3,95IX 0 0Total 4435 774 44 0,99
2009-2010, modelling with 15 real parameters (?)
Paremeter Ranges (avg) How were obtained?
Susceptible human population 0-23 social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Infected human population 0-23 croposcological inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Recovered population of humans 0-23 social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Rate of mobility of humans 0-26% social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Rate of mobility of molluscs 0-2% malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)
Population of healthy molluscs 0-1302 malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)
Population of infected molluscs 0-11 malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)
Area susceptible to flooding 0-45%LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (lamepe, 2008) and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)
Connection to other cells 0-100%LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (lamepe, 2008) and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)
Rate of human infection 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Rate of human re-infection 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Recovery rate 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)
Mollusc infection rate 0-100% malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)
Rate of sanitation 0-93% social and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)
Rainfall of the area 39-389mm LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (Lamepe, 2008)
From one year (population 1 snapshot, molluscs 12 snapshots)without previous historical...
a cellular automatonCellular automaton A is a set of four objects
A = <G, Z, N, f>, where• G – set of cells• Z – set of possible cells states• N – set, which describes cells neighborhood• f – transition function, rules of the automaton:
– Z|N|+1Z (for automaton, which has cells “with memory”)
– Z|N|Z (for automaton, which has “memoryless” cells)
Moore Neighbourhood (in grey) of the cell marked with a dot in a 2D square grid
one proposal: a top-down approach using a cellular automaton
a b
1 km
a ba b
1 km
simulation space, a 10x10 square grid
the dynamics
Mollusk population dynamicsa growth model for the number of individuals (N) that
considers the intrinsic growth rate (r) and the maximum sustainable yield or carrying capacity (C) defined at each
site (Verhulst, 1838): )1(
C
NrN
dt
dN
Human infection dynamics (SIR - SI)This model splits the human population into three compartments: S (for susceptible), I (for infectious) and R (for recovered and not susceptible to infection) and the snail population into
two compartments: MS (for susceptible mollusk) and MI (for infectious mollusk).
Socioeconomic and environmental factors
environmental quality of the nine collection sites in Carne de Vaca, according to the criteria of Callisto et al (Souza et al, 2010).
rteN
NCC
tN
0
01)(
the model calculates the local increase of population using equation 1 and calculating N(t+1) out from N(t). The values for r and C are set at each site and each time step, using monthly meteorological inputs and considering the ecological quality of the habitat(1)
αRχI=dt
dR
χI·S·Mp=dt
dI
αR+p·S·M=dt
dS
IH
I
ISMI
SSMS
rM·I·Mp=dt
dM
rM·I·Mp=dt
dM
(3a)
(3b)
Cells and infection forces
statesblack: rate of human infection = 100%;red: 80% ≤ rate of human infection < 100%;light red: 60% ≤ rate of human infection < 80%;yellow: 40% ≤ rate of human infection < 60%;light yellow: 20% ≤ rate of human infection < 40%;cyan: 0% ≤ rate of human infection < 20%.
infection forcesHumanS -> I (infected molluscs contact, pH)I -> R (if treated (1-α), χ)
MolluscsS -> I (infected human contact, pM)
the algorithm – like the GAME OF LIFE!
1. Choose a cell in the world; 2. For each human in the cell perform a random walk weighted by the “probability of movement" defined
at each site.
Repeat these steps for every cell in the world. Then update data.
3. Choose a cell in the world; 4. Call the “Events” process; 5. Return the individual to his original cell after the infection phase; 6. Choose a cell in the world; 7. For the mollusk population in that cell, perform a diffusion process weighted by the “rate of movement"
defined at each site;
Repeat these steps for every cell in the world. Then update data.
1. Increase the population of mollusks using the growth model described in Section 3.1; 2. Compute the transition between population compartments of humans using the set of equations (3b)
defined in Section 3.2; 3. Compute the transition between population compartments of humans using the set of equations (3a)
defined in Section 3.2;
Update local data of the spatial cell.
Events process
Main
S – SuscetibleI – InfectedR - Recuperate
coding... 4 DRISTIBUIÇÃO DAS CHUVAS Dados retirado da estação Goiana interpolacaoDados InterpolationdadosChuva;chuvaAreaAlagada A, d :a matrizAux A; Fori 1, i Dimensions A1, i ,
Forj 1, j Dimensions A2, j, ai, j Ai, j interpolacaoDados d 200; ReturnaPlotinterpolacaoDadosx, x, 1, 365, Epilog MapPoint, dadosChuva, AxesOrigin 1, 0, AxesLabel dias, mm³ ,ColorFunction Function x, y , Huey
Grafico ilustrativo da distribuição das chuvas durante o ano
rain
people
molusks
rivers
5 CRESCIMENTO DOS MOLUSCOS Função de Crescimento Populacional:Modelo de Verhulst nt, n0, l, k : Ifn0 l n0 Ek t 0, Return0, l n0 n0 l n0 Ek t função que retorna o número limite de molusco por celula limiteMoluscoi, j : areaAlagadai, j 40; Limite da população em função do ambiente constanteMolusco 0.02; constante de crescimento area alagavel de cada celula
sumulations
Mathematica 7.0 (Mathematica, 2011) with a processor Intel i5 3GHz, 4MB Cache, 8GB RAM.
Computational costs of a complete simulation when assuming a fixed world size (10x10 cells) and extent (365 time steps) and an increasing number of parameters being swept for rejection sampling (from 1 to 15)
simulationsDay 26 Day 43 Day 88
Day 106 Day 132 Day 365Color Legend
I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%
(I = percentage of infected humans)
Temporal evolution
Day 26Day 26 Day 43Day 43 Day 88Day 88
Day 106Day 106 Day 132Day 132 Day 365Day 365Color Legend
I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%
(I = percentage of infected humans)
Temporal evolution “according to the risk
indicator, in the scattering diagram of Moran represented in the Box Map (Figure 2), indicated 18 areas of highest risk for the schistosomiasis, all located in the central sector of the village. Areas with lower risk and areas of intermediate risk for occurrence of the disease were located in the north and central portions with some irregularity in the distribution”
Fieldworks to calibrate...
Simulations – previsibility...
2012 2017 2022 2027Color legend
I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%
Predictive scenarios generated with the parameter calibration of the year 2007 that show endemic schistosomiasis. I stands for the average percentage of infected humans per spatial cell predicted by the model
e mais...
ahhh?…
Forbes!!!! ????… 6/28/2013!!!
tudo é mesmo software!! (?)
3º. ato
códigos
linguagens
e máquinas
estudos de caso by joa: esquistossomose e triathlon
era uma vez… os códigos
by Conway, Cellular Automata are “not just a game”
sim, esquistossomose é software!
e Triathlon também é software?
o código
o códigohttp://www.triathlon.org/about/downloads/category/rules
exemplos:
uniformeshttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/Age_Groups_uniforms_updated_on_9_09_2013.pdfcompetiçõeshttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/itusport_competition-rules-2013_final.pdfrankinghttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/ITU_World_Triathlon_Series_Ranking_Criteria.pdf
a linguagem
treinohttps://www.dropbox.com/s/io589xh6kyikd1u/Jones%20Oliveira%20de%20Albuquerque%20141013.pdf
nutriçãohttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11932-007-0039-2
https://www.dropbox.com/s/iz0d2yft71ix8q3/NutricaoParaTriathlon.pdf
Equipamento
bike…
http://www.trisports.com/all-triathlon-bicycles.html
tenis…
a máquinacomo programá-la?
em teste! WE HAVE SOME “BUGS” YET…
COLLAPSES
http://bit.ly/1aqVw7M
OTHER COLLAPSES
http://bit.ly/1hYzw8l
se TUDO é software
o que seremos então?
INFORMAÇÃO!!!
BYTES e mais BYTES!!
organizando a informação…
http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/403/403powerpoint/how.pdf
e ARMAZENANDO...
séculos de símbolos e expressões!!
informação na história da humanidadeOral cultures (> 1,000,000 years ago)
Painting (> 20,000 B.C.E.)
Writing (7,000 - 3800 B.C.E.)
Printing (+- 800 B.C.E. - 1456 C.E. )
Non-electronic Computation (1623 - 1940s)
Telegraphy (1844)
Telephone (1876)
Radio (1895)
Television (1929)
Electronic Computation ( +- 1945)
Computer networking (1969)
Commercial Internet (1990)
World Wide Web (1992)
????? (2030)DNAs…?
informação na história da humanidade: {ucb-emc report}
a informação
volume
acessibilidade
organização
comunicação
software
“tudo é software!”
BIG DATA
a internet das coisas! “smart*”
moravec &quando seremos ultrapassados?
para ler…First-ever human head transplant is now possible, says neuroscientist
http://qz.com/99413/first-ever-human-head-transplant-is-now-possible-says-neuroscientist/
Newton papershttp://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/newton
The Mathematical Universe
http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0646
Matriz Hessiana e Aplicações
https://www.dropbox.com/s/08cgdb7t31c66n0/notas-hessiana.pdf
Morals and Machine
http://www.economist.com/node/21556234
Assumindo que tudo é mesmo software:
Novos negócios innovadores de crescimento empreendedor no brasil
http://www.casadapalavra.com.br/livros/560/
Obrigado!
jones.albuquerque