Water Footprint of Bioenergy Rita Monteiro

rita.monteiro@USP.br

Brasília,– 29 de março de 2013

Brasília, 19 de março de 2013

Rita Monteirorita.monteiro@usp.br

WATER FOOTPRINTdifferent approaches

Fluxo de água virtual

WATER FOOTPRINT

GREEN WATER

+

BLUE WATER

+

GRAY WATER

Life Cycle Assessment -APPROACH

Rita Monteirorita.monteiro@usp.br

WATER FOOTPRINT

Because there are different approaches to the same term, the need arises to STANDARDIZATION

Rita Monteirorita.monteiro@usp.br

ISO 14046

“The way that many parts are integrated into the whole is more

important than the parties themselves alone ..." Fritjof Capra

Rita Monteirorita.monteiro@usp.br

Rita Monteirorita.monteiro@usp.br

“life cycle thinking”

( a sistemic vision)

cradle

• Extraction of natural resources and energy

...• Processing resources / inputs

...• Product production

...• Packaging and Distribution

...• Use

grave• Final disposal / recycling

•Tr

ansp

ort

Life Cycle of Bioenergy

energy

materials

water

solid waste effluents

Analysis of Inventoryatmospheric emissions

Produt

energy

fertilizers

water

solid waste

effluents

Bioenergy – Agriculture stageatmospheric emissions

Product (s)

agricultural lime

agrochemicals

• Runoff• leaching

Impact Assessment

energy

fertilizers

water

solid waste

effluents

Water use – LOCAL IMPACTSatmospheric emissions

Product (s)

agricultural lime

agrochemicals

• Runoff• leaching

LOCAL IMPACTS RELATED TO WATER USE -

� Water Availability� Eutrophication� Fresh Water Aquatic Ecotoxicity� Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity� Human Toxicity� Terrestrial Ecotoxicity� Acidification� Abiotic Depletion� Marine sediment Ecotoxicity� Fresh Water sediment ecotoxicity� Carcinogens

Water Footprint of Bioenergy in BrazilPreliminary Assessment

The importance of local assessment

Ethanol usines in Brazil

( source: www.epe.gov.br (2011))

Energy from Ethanol

Currently, sugar cane and itsderivatives are the secondmain source of primary energynational energy and ethanolconsumption is already higherthan petrol.

Map of oilseeds for biodiesel in Brazilsource: http://geografiaegeopolitica.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-programa-nacional-de-biodiesel.html (2011))

Energy from Biodiesel

Besides ethanol,biodiesel alsoalready has asignificant share inthe fuel matrix.

Mapa de localização das Florestas energéticas no Brasil( source: Serviço Florestal Brasileiro / http://mundogeo.com/blog/2000/01/01/florestas-energeticas-visao-territorial-e-geotecnologias/)

Energy from forests

Forests are alsoconsidered energysources of renewableenergy within thecontext ofAGROENERGY

Map of water availability in Brazil( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)

Water Resources Management in Brazil

Brazil has 12% ofwater availability in theworld, distributed in 12river basin districts.However thisdistribution is unevenacross the country,because 75% ofavailable water inBrazil is allocated inthe Amazon region,where there is aconcentration of only5% of the population.

Amazon Region74% of the available water5% of population

other regions26% of the available water95% of population

Map of water availability in Brazil( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)

The evaluation of thepossibility of watershortages in Brazil(the ratio betweenwater withdrawal andconsumptive use forlocal availability)suggests an overviewof critical regions

Water Resources Management in Brazil

possibility of water shortages = water withdrawal / consumptive use

Stages of development of an ISO standard

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O

Circulado pelo ISO

TC207/SC5 proposta de

um NWIP

ACEITAÇÃO DO NWIP

Formação do grupo de

trabalho

PRIMEIRA REUNIÃO

(Estocolmo - Suécia):

Título, Escopo, e

estrutura - PWD1

Elaboração do PWD1

comentários PWD1

SEGUNDA REUNIÃO

(Leon - México): rev.

dos comentários

Elaboração do PWD2

comentários PWD2

TERCEIRA REUNIÃO

2009 2010 2011

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Circulado pelo ISO

2009 2010 2011 2012

TERCEIRA REUNIÃO

(Lausane - Suíça): rev.

dos comentários

Elaboração do PWD3

comentários PWD3

QUARTA REUNIÃO

(Oslo - Noruega): rev.

dos comentários -

VOTO (PWD3=WD1)

Elaboração do WD2

comentários WD2

QUINTA REUNIÃO (São

Paulo- Brasil): rev. dos

comentários - VOTO

(WD2=CD1)

Elaboração do CD1

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

(WD2=CD1)

Elaboração do CD1

comentários CD1

SEXTA REUNIÃO

(Bangkok - Thailandia):

rev. dos comentários -

VOTO (CD2)

Elaboração do CD2

comentários CD2

SÉTIMA REUNIÃO

(Padova - Itália): rev.

dos comentários -

VOTO (CD2 = DIS)

Elaboração do DIS 1

comentários DIS1

OITAVA REUNIÃO

(África do Sul): rev. dos

comentários - VOTO

DE EVOLUÇÃO (FDIS?)

ISO / DIS 14046 - Environmental management -WATER FOOTPRINT - Principles, requirements and guidelines

• Water Footprint: metric to quantify the potential environmental impacts related to WATER

WATER FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT according to ISO 14046

• It is based on a life cycle assessment (with 4-stages)– Goal and scope definition

– Inventories analyse

– Impact assessment

– Interpretation

• It is modular ( the different phases of the life cycle can be added to represent the water footprint)

• It can identify potential impacts in relation to water

• It includes relevant geographical and temporal dimensions

• It identifies the amount of use and changes in water quality

• A WATER FOOTPRINT must necessarily include some kind of impact assessment (The results of an inventory can be reported, but should not be reported as a "water footprint".)

• The evaluation can be made as a stand alone assessment or as part of an LCA, (compreensive approach)

• If the evaluation is done as a Stand-Alone assessment, the result must have a qualifier in the name (i.e. WAF - Water AVAILABILITY Footprint)

• Regional aspects must necessarily be considered

THE WORK CONTINUES TO ...

• Definitions / requirements for inventories

How the use of ISO 14046 can help organizations?

• assess the magnitude of the (s) potential (s) impact (s) environmental (s) in relation to water;

• identify opportunities to reduce potential impacts related to water in various stages of life cycle;

• develop strategic management of water-related risks;

• facilitate water efficiency in products, processes, and organizational level;

• inform decision makers from government, industry and non-governmental organizations of potential (s) impacts related to water associated for each product protuction(eg, for the purpose of strategic planning, prioritization, product design or resource investment decisions );

Thank you for your attention!Rita de Cássia Monteiro Marzullo

rita.monteiro@USP.BR

RITA.MONTEIRO@MEET.COM.BR