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Transcript of As Estrelas
![Page 1: As Estrelas](https://reader036.fdocumentos.com/reader036/viewer/2022081422/557de829d8b42ac4128b4b9e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
As Estrelas
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Sol
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Fusão Nuclear
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Tokamak
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Estrutura das Estrelas
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Núcleo: onde ocorrem reações nuclearesZona Radioativa: região onde a energia
viaja na forma de fótonsZona de Convecção: região onde a energia
é transportada por células de convecção
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Fotosfera: superfície visível do SolCromosfera: camada irregular de
atmosfera
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Manchas Solares
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Campo Magnético
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Aurora
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Classificação das Estrelas
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Diagrama Hertzsprung-Russell
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Sequência Principal• Sol, Alfa Centauri A, Procyon A, Altair,
Fomalhaut, Sirius, Veja, Regulus, Spica, Achernar, El Nath, Alioth, Castor, Tau Ceti, Alpha Centauri B, 61 Cygni A, 61 Cygni B, Alnitak, Alnilam
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Tipos Espectrais EstelaresTipo Linhas Espectrais
ProeminentesCor Temperatura
Média (ºC)Exemplo
O He+, He, H, O2+, N2+, C2+, Si2+
Azul 45.000 Regor
B He, H, C+, O+, N+, Fe2+, Mg2+
Branca Azulada 30.000 Rigel
A H, Metais Ionizados Branca 12.000 Sirius
F H, Ca+, Ti+, Fe+ Branca Amarelada 8.000 Procyon
G Ca+, Fe, Ti, Mg, H, Bandas Moleculares
Amarela 6.500 Sol
K Ca+, H, Bandas Moleculares
Laranja 5.000 Aldebaran
M TiO, Ca, Bandas Moleculares
Vermelha 3.500 Betelgeuse
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Gigantes Vermelhas
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Alphard, Dubhe, Aldebaran, Gacrux, Arcturus, Pollux
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Supergigantes
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Rigel, Deneb, Canopus, Mirfak, Polaris, Antares, Betelgeuse, Mu
Cephei, Eta Carinae
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Anãs Brancas
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Sirius B, ZZ Ceti, Procyon B, 40 Eridani B
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Massa das Estrelas
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Ciclos da Vida Estelar
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Nascimento das Estrelas
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Nebulosa Formadora de Estrelas
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Nebulosa da Águia (M16)
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Nebulosa da Lagoa (M8)
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Nebulosa de Órion (M42)
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Nebulosa Trífida (M20)
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Nebulosa de Ômega (M17)
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Nebulosa da Tarântula (NGC 2070)
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Nebulosa Carina (NGC 3372)
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Nebulosa do Cone (NGC 2264)
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Nebulosa Cabeça de Cavalo
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Nebulosa Tromba de Elefante (IC 1396)
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Protoestrela
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Estrela
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Morte das Estrelas
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Estrelas de Massa Pequena (0,1 Massa Solar)
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Evolui para uma Anã Negra
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Estrelas Semelhantes ao Sol (1 Massa Solar)
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Evoluem para Gigantes Vermelhas ao se expandirem
para queimar o hélio
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Colapsam numa Nebulosa Planetária
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Nebulosas Planetárias
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Nebulosa do Esquimó (NGC 2392)
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Nebulosa da Hélice (NGC 7293)
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Nebulosa do Anel (M57)
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Nebulosa Twin Jet (M2-9)
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Nebulosa Retângulo Vermelho (HD 44179)
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Nebulosa Olho de Gato (NGC 6543)
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Nebulosa do Ovo (CRL 2688)
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Nebulosa da Formiga (Menzel 3)
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Nebulosa do Crescente (NGC 6888)
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Nebulosa Bug (NGC 6302)
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Estrelas de Grande Massa (10 Massas Solares)
![Page 61: As Estrelas](https://reader036.fdocumentos.com/reader036/viewer/2022081422/557de829d8b42ac4128b4b9e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Evoluem para Supergigantes
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As estrelas transformam hidrogênio e hélio, e em seguida queimam o hélio, ela transforma hélio em outros átomos até chegar ao ferro, pois este é o primeiro elemento cuja fusão absorve mais energia do que libera.
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Ao tentar fundir o ferro, o núcleo colapsa e o núcleo em camadas de cebola desaba, gerando um ricochete que despedaça a estrela e por um breve tempo permite a fusão de elementos mais pesados
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Explodem em Supernova
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Supernova SN1987A (Estrela com 18 Massas Solares)
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Remanescente de Supernova
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Estrela de Nêutrons ou Pulsar
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Buraco Negro
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Estrelas Múltiplas
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Estrela Binária
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Albireo, Izar, Polaris, Sheliak,
Almaaz
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Estrela Tripla
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Omicron Eridani, Albireo “Topázio & Safira”, Rigel,
Beta Monocerotis
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Estrela Quadrúpla
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Epsilon Lyrae, Trapézio (Theta Orionis), Algol, Almach, Alcyone
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Mizar e Alcor“Cavalo e Cavaleiro”
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Estrela Quíntupla: Sigma Orionis
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Estrela Sêxtupla: Castor
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Aglomerados Abertos
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Grupo de dezenas ou centenas de estrelas recentes, relativamente agrupadas e de grande massa e vida curta, estão no plano da Via-Láctea
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Plêiades, Híades, Caixa de Jóias, Borboleta, Colméia
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Aglomerados Globulares
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Grupo de milhões de estrelas mais densas e estruturadas,
estão acima e abaixo do plano da galáxia
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M13, M4, 47 Tucanae (NGC 104), Omega Centauri (NGC 5139),
NGC 3201
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Estrelas Variáveis: são estrelas que
possuem variações na sua magnitude
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Variável Pulsante: ocorre em estrelas da sequência principal que se tornam gigantes
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Eta Carinae: em 1843 foi a segunda estrela mais brilhante do céu, Estrela
Granada (Mu Cephei)
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Delta Cephei: Cefeidas
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Mira
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Pistola: 10 milhões de vezes mais luminosa que o Sol
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Variáveis Eclipsantes: ocorre quando uma das estrelas eclipsa a
outra
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Propus ou Eta Geminorum, Lambda Tauri, Ras Algethi
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Variáveis Cataclísmicas ou Novas: em sistemas binários quando uma estrela de maior massa evolui numa anã branca e a de menor massa está em sua
fase gigante.
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A gravidade da anã branca arranca material da gigante e gera fusão nuclear originando uma nova.
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T Coronae Borealis ou “Blaze Star”, Rs Ophiuchi,
Nova Cygni 1992
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Variáveis Rotacionais: causada devido a manchas solares ou em áreas da superfície que brilham
mais que outras
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Betelgeuse
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Variáveis Bizarras
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Epsilon Auriga ou Almaaz: uma das estrelas mais estranhas do céu imensa supergigante
eclipsada por algo ainda maior que ela