Aula2macro
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Transcript of Aula2macro
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Aula 2Macroeconomia Fechada:Análise da Demanda Agregada
Prof. Vladimir Fernandes Maciel
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Igualdade Fundamental da Macroeconomia
Em economia aberta:Y = C + I + G + X – Q
Em economia fechada:Y = C + I + G
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Demanda Agregada
Z = C + I + GOnde:
FUNÇÃO CONSUMOC = Co + c1.Yd
Com dC/dYd = c1 , 0 < c1 < 1 (propensão marginal a consumir)E com Yd = Y – T , sendo T exógeno (decisão de política tributária-fiscal do governo)
Logo,C = Co + c1.(Y-T)
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Consumo Final das Famílias (em % do PIB)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
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Demanda Agregada
FUNÇÃO INVESTIMENTOPor enquanto, o investimento é exógeno e
determinado:I = Ī
GASTOS DO GOVERNOExógeno, decisão de política econômica (política
fiscal):G = Ğ
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Capital - formação bruta - % PIB
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
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Consumo final - adm. pública - % PIB
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
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Equilíbrio
Y = ZY = C + I + GY = Co + c1.(Y-T) + I + GY = Co + c1.Y - c1.T + I + GY - c1.Y = Co - c1.T + I + G(1 – c1).Y = Co - c1.T + I + GY = [1 / (1 – c1) ] . (Co - c1.T + I + G)
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Efeitos Multiplicadores
Multiplicador dos Gastos do Governo:dY / dG = 1 / (1 – c1)
Multiplicador dos Tributos:dY / dT = – c1 / (1 – c1)
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Equilíbrio
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Efeito de uma Política Fiscal Expansionista