Cosmic - Cruise System Final - Minhas

7/29/2019 Cosmic - Cruise System Final - Minhas

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CosmicCampus,Bhadurabad

2013

WebBased

CruiseBookin

gSystem

The proposal is to replace all the paperwork and manual computer data

entry using generic software. A web-based computerized bookingsystem will be used. It will allow travelers to make their bookings online

using a secured booking website.

Cosmic Campus, Bhadurabad

Computer Studies Paper 3

Minhas Rupsi


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Web Based Cruise Booking System 2013

1 Cosmic Campus, BhaduarabadMinhas Rups

Table of Contents

Overview - The system life cycle ............................................................................................................................................. 2

Description of the existing system .......................................................................................................................................... 5Description of the proposed computer based system ........................................................................................................... 6

Manual System Example ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Questions and Answers........................................................................................................................................................... 8

Screen Layouts ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Data Flow Diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

System Flow Chart ................................................................................................................................................................ 23


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Overview - The system life cycle

Systems analysis

The stages of the system life cycle are:

fact finding feasibility study

analysis

design

implementation (building)

testing

documentation

implementation (changeover)

evaluation

maintenance.

Fact findingFact-finding methods that the systems analyst uses to collect information about the current system are:

observation of current procedures

interviews

questionnaires

inspection of documents.

Feasibility study

A feasibility study is a preliminary investigation of a problem and should have enough information to allow the analyst

and the client to make a sensible decision to either carry on with the project or to abandon it. It includes:

a description of the existing system

the existing systems problems and costs success criteria for a new system

possible solutions including a proposed solution

a development plan

a cost/benefit analysis.

Analysis

Analysis involves:

using fact-finding methods to collect further information

summarizing this information using:

o data flow diagrams

o system flowcharts

writing a requirements or objectives specification.

Design

This involves:

selection of soft ware

drawing of output forms and reports

drawing of data collection and input forms


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specification of:

o any automatic data capture methods

o validation and verification checks

o data storage

o processing

o

command buttons and menus for navigation and processing

o hardware

o test strategy and test plan, including:

the sorts of testing to be performed

use of real and test data chosen to include:

normal data

extreme data

abnormal (erroneous) data

Building and testing

One or more programmers use the designs to build and document the software. The appropriate hardware and software

is installed. The solution is tested according to the test plan, with test results in the form of before and afterscreenshots and comments. In the case of printed output, the actual output should be included as the after evidence.

Documentation

Technical documentation

The purpose of this documentation is to provide technical personnel with:

a detailed explanation of how the system works

information to assist them in:

o routine hardware, software or file maintenance tasks

o corrective maintenance

o

adaptive maintenanceo perfective maintenance

o future development of a replacement system

Its contents include:

the purpose of the system

the limitations of the system (things it does not do)

hardware and software requirements

system flowchart

processing

file types and structures

validation and verification checks

User documentation

The purpose of this documentation, known as the user guide or manual, is to tell people who use the system:

what the system does

how to use the system

not how the system does what it does.


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Its contents include:

the purpose of the system

the limitations of the system (things it does not do)

hardware and software requirements

comprehensive instructions on how to use the system

sample runs

error messages

troubleshooting guide

frequently asked questions.

Implementation (changeover)

This involves:

installing and commissioning new hardware, software and data fi les

training new or existing staff members how to use the new system

choosing the method of implementation from:

o

direct

o phased

o pilot

o parallel running.

Evaluation

After installing a new system, it is necessary to evaluate it to find out whether it is effective in fulfilling the clients

requirements.

An evaluation of the new system is carried out by documenting:

a comparison of the facilities of the new system with the requirements and objectives specification

a comparison of the test results from the new system with the expected results and with results from theprevious system

a comparison of the performance of the new system with the requirements and objectives specification

users responses to the new system

any expected or unexpected limitations in the facilities or performance of the system

a description and prioritization of any necessary improvements.

Maintenance

The technical documentation should support three forms of maintenance:

corrective

adaptive

perfective.


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Description of the existing system

Cruise Company has several cruise liners. When potential travelers visit the traveling agent/cruise office to book an

itinerary they are given a booking form. Either traveler fills a form or agent/booking officer fills it. The booking form

requires following details:

Travelers information:

o Full name

o Date of birth

o Address

o Phone number

o Email

o Roommates (spouse, partner, children others sharing accommodation):

Name

Date of Birth

Trip information:

o Cruise (ship) name

o Destination

o Traveling dates

o Cabin/stateroom type (inside, balcony, ocean view, suite)

o Departure city

Staff at the cruise liner office checks the booking files to ensure that the potential traveler is registered with the

company and if not then register them. Staff looks to find the requested cruises available cabins (staterooms) for those

mentioned dates and destinations in the booking file. Staff then offers the traveler a date and time for the booking. If

this is agreed then the travelers name is written in the booking file for that desired cruise, date and other details, a

ticket is then generated after payment is made, printed and handed over to the traveler.

At the start of everyday, cruise office staff prepare a booking list for each of the cruises travelling for that day. The list

contains travelers ticket number, name, details and allotted cabin (stateroom) numbers. When the travelers arrive at

the cruise line door for their journey, they present their tickets to the boarding staff. The boarding staff checks their

tickets against pre-printed booking list and after necessary boarding procedure travelers are then escorted to their

cabins.


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Description of the proposed computer based system

The proposal is to replace all the paperwork and manual computer data entry using generic software

(spreadsheet, word processor etc.). A web-based computerized booking system will be used. This online system will

contain all the information described above. It will allow travelers to make their bookings online using a secured bookingwebsite page present on a web server. The web server is attached to the companys intranet, which is used as an

extranet.

In the new system, both traveler and staff use the offices website to make a booking. Booking must be made at least

one week before the departure date. For travelers to access the secure website the cruise line company will provide

each traveler with a login ID and the traveler must choose a password.

If travelers come in person for a booking then travel agent/staff will make appointments using a touch screen in office.

Cruise line management too would have access to the online booking database using their own computers in various

places.

The cruise line office will use a wireless LAN. Each staff will have access to the personal computer and a printer. These a

devices in office will communicate over the LAN. Staff can display and print a list of bookings and sales report for any

period of time i.e. date to date, weekly, monthly or yearly etc.

A systems analyst is to be employed to review the existing manual method. The analyst will be responsible for drawing

up an action plan for the new web-based computerized system. This will then be designed, built, tested and

implemented. Technical and user documentation will be produced. Six months after the introduction of the new system

a full evaluation of its performance will be made.

Tips to be remembered:

a selection of available cruises/dates/cabins/stateroom/births is listed on the screen.

the traveler chose the available slot they want,

the staff/traveler clicks/touches on the selection using a mouse/finger,

all the information about the selection is displayed on the screen,

at the company, the booking is made,

the number of available booking slots for the selected cruise is automatically checked and updated to the online

database,

ticket is printed and handed over or e-mailed to the traveler,

the value of the received daily payments is also automatically updated,

at the end of the day following reports are printed:

o

Total booking details (may be daily, weekly and monthly etc.)

o Total daily payments received.


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Manual System Example


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Questions and Answers

1. Tools for analyst to draw up an action plan and ensure that the project is completed on time and

tobudget.

1) Gantt Chart:

Progress versus expected time to do work.

How task are linked together.

Allow sharing of task via Email/Internet.

Allow use of PERT Charts.

Description for Gantt e.g.

o show all stages

o tasks to be done

o show the critical path

o show key project milestones

o

progress of tasks as % completedo number of days to do a task

2) PERT Chart:

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

used for critical path analysis

used for complex problems with multiple tasks

3) Project Management Software/Spreadsheet

Allows progress to be tracked

allows easy production and updating of Gantt


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2. Methods that the analyst could use to gather information about the existing manual system.

Questionnaires

o put questions to sales people and filing clerk

o

each questionnaire guides the user through his/her particular areao no need for analyst to be present so it is efficient

Interviewing

o ask employees questions face to face

o questions can be tailored to the individual

o an interviewer is required so it is time consuming and relatively expensive

Examination of manual documents

o gather information from existing paperwork

o

allows procedures to be studied first hando allows close scrutiny of all paperwork/files

Observation

o watch workers doing their day-to-day tasks

o gain first-hand knowledge of how the system works

o needs close supervision so that nothing is missed

3. State items of hardware that would be needed to connect computers to the wireless LAN of theBooking office and to connect web server to Internet. Justify your choice for each item.

LAN

Wireless adapter

o to allow a computer to access the LAN (from anywhere within the booking office)

Wireless Access Point (WAP)

o to extend the reach of the LAN incase booking office size increases.

Switch

o to enable computers in the booking office to connect to the wired LAN

Host computer/Server

o to manage the LAN


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WAN / Internet:

(Wireless) router/(Wireless) hub

o to enable computers in the booking office to connect to the LAN/.to relay signals to the computers

on the LAN

Web Server

o to host the website/to interact with the traveling agent & online customers

Firewall

o to controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic

o to secure against hacking/viruses.

4. Steps to ensure that the intranet is secure against use from outside the booking office.

login/password

use of firewall

checking of MAC addresses/station ids Wired Equivalent Privacy/WEP/wireless security/encryption

Network name NOT broadcast/hidden

anti-spyware/ anti-virus software

5. What information would a systems analyst need to gather to decide on what hardware isrequired for a new computerized system?

Information needed to decide on the hardware requirements:

Amount & frequency of printing

Data storage requirements (e.g. for files) size and resolution of monitors/touchscreen (e.g. enough to accommodate finger touch)

input and output requirements (e.g. printers, mouse, etc.)

portability requirements (Do we need to take system around the booking office)

will disabled people be using the hardware?

Will system be available online?

Will system be able to print wirelessly?

Do output and input devices be required wirelessly?

Will database be available online?

How customer/travelling agents will be using the online system? Frequency of daily hits on web-server.


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6. Items of hardware, other than a computer, that the analyst should recommend for thisapplication. Justify your choice.

High resolution/large/good quality screen sometimes to show complete detail of available cruise and

booking slots.

Hard disk storage on server.

Printer (wireless) (To printout traveler Tickets and sales report and daily booking details.)

Pointing devices/touch screen (to choose menu options or selection of cruise/stateroom type etc.)

Wireless router

Firewall hardware

Wireless LAN cards.

7. Would it be better to use existing software or arrange to have new software written for thisapplication? Justify your answer.

existing software

o already fully tested and debugged

o usually less expensive to buy

o large backup technical help desk

o usually compatible with other existing soft ware

bespoke software

o can be tailored to the specific task

o in contact with the actual programmers if there is a problem

o software can develop as it is used

o doesnt contain unwanted features

8. What would need to be done before the new web-based system became live and working?

What to do before making system live:

produce user documentation and technical documentation

install hardware and software

fully test the new system

train the staff to use the new system

Changeover from old to new system


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9. Describe a test strategy for the new web-based cruise booking system.

use of test data sets

o normal test data has known outcomes

o extreme test data checks validation rules

o

abnormal test data should produce error messages

Types of testing:

o Black box

o White box

o System

o Alpha

o Beta

o User acceptance

Other

o

Testing that the cruise booking system meets the requirements for the cruise line company.o High transaction days.

o Volume testing

10.Give three examples of test data that could be used. Justify your choice for each example.

The following are examples only, there are many correct answers.

Traveler booking no e.g. 102

o this checks only whole no are accepted.

Traveler name e.g. John Smith

o

this checks that system can accept appropriate inputs Stateroom charges e.g. -1450

o checks that negative prices are rejected

amount of daily taking e.g. 50

o checks that file updated correctly

a valid/invalid date.

o check that normal data is accepted/ invalid data is rejected e.g. date before current date.


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11.Name tasks that would be carried out at the DESIGN stage in systems analysis.

Design stage tasks:

design online data capture web page for cruise booking

design screen layouts/GUI

design output forms/layouts e.g. traveler tickets, daily taking etc.

produce systems flowcharts and/or pseudo code

design validation rules

select most appropriate data verification method

select hardware requirements

select software requirements

produce algorithms/program flowcharts

design testing strategy

12.State items that should be included in the Technical Documentation supplied for maintenance

of this system. For each one explain why it should be included.

Program listing/coding: so alterations can be made

Programming language used: so the application can be recompiled

System flowchart: overview of whole system

Flowchart/algorithm/pseudo code: so that the logic can be altered if required

Hardware requirements: for testing any alterations

Software requirements: for testing any alterations

Known bugs in the system: so they can be removed

List of variables used (and their meaning/description): so that alterations to code dont spawn new

errors

File structures/data model: so that files and file sizes can be checked Sample runs (with results and actual test data used): so that test can be re-run when alterations are

made

Validation rules: so that any extra inputs can be subject to similar validation

purpose of system/program/package

input formats

minimum memory requirements

output formats

verification techniques


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13.What items need to be included in the USER GUIDE of newly developed computerized system?

Items needed in User Documentation:

how to log on/log out

how to make booking

how to do a search

how to sort data

how to do printouts

how to add/delete/amend records

purpose of system/program/package

(input) web page layouts

(output) print layouts

hardware requirements

software requirements

sample runs (with results)

error handling/meaning of errors

14.State methods that could be used to implement this new system. Explain why each methodcould be chosen.

Arguments must relate to the case study

Direct changeover:

o no need to run 2 systems side by side

o immediate benefits from new system

o less disruptive for sales/filing staff

o

more likely to work since it will have been fully tested first

Parallel implementation:

o good for training staff since both systems can be compared

o if new system fails have old manual system as a back up

Phased implementation:

o part of system (e.g. activity/accounts/ database) introduced initially for trials

o if it is OK, gradually introduce other parts of the new system

o if a problem occurs, can stop using it any stage

o allows staff to gain confidence in its operation

Pilot implementation:

o adopt new system at just one of the camp/activity site.

o makes sure system fully works before adopting at another Camp site

o can revert to old system as still in operation at other camp site


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15.Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of changeover methods.

Advantages and disadvantages of changeover techniques:

Direct Parallel Pilot Phased

- disastrous if new

system fails

- immediate benefits

felt

- reduced costs (only

one system used)

- less likelihood of

failure since fully

tested

- more expensive than

direct since two

systems in operation

at the same time

- more time consuming

- still have old system

if new system fails

- can gradually train

staff while both

systems are running

together

- if new system fails

can easily go back to

point where system

failed

- less expensive than

parallel

- can train staff while

system being

introduced in stages

- can ensure system

works before

expanding

- if new system fails

can easily go back to

point where system

failed

- less expensive than

parallel

- can train staff while

system being

introduced in stages

- can ensure system

works before

expanding


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16.Describe how the new system should be evaluated/effectiveness of a new system can beassessed.

Points must relate to the case study.

discuss with staff/travelers whether or not new system works

discuss with staff/travelers whether or not system was easy to use

consider if objectives of new system have been met

look at results from tests

look at printouts etc. to see if system produced the correct outcomes

compare final solution with original requirements

identify any limitations in the system

identify any necessary improvements that need to be made

compare test results from new system with results from old system

compare performance of new system with performance of old system

effectiveness of the hardware

effectiveness of the software

bandwidth of Internet

17.Discuss the advantages of the new computerized system when compared to the manual paper-based system.

Advantages of the new system:

Easier/faster to search for available cruise, destination, space and time slots.

improved booking and accounts system

automatic reporting is possible

less space taken up in filing system

less expensive (fewer staff, etc.) no need to tell cruise schedule and cabin charges.

able to offer services on the internet

online virtual cruise tour.

18.The new web-based system is intended to be an improvement over the old system. Describeadvantages of the new system. Use examples related to the cruise booking system.

more flexible booking: traveler can book from anywhere in the world

less likelihood for information to be lost as no paper lists that are needed to be kept at cruise for

boarding purposes fewer staff are now required, traveler do their own booking not the office staff

fewer queues: more terminals available for traveler to book the cruise

less storage space required booking forms stored electronically


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19.What are the advantages of web-based booking system?

The Web Based Cruise Booking System has many advantages over the old system such as:

Always available: The Internet is always available for your travelers to use, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365

days a year. Travelers dont have to wait for booking office to open or wait for someone to make it available. It is

just there, when they need it and for whatever they need.

Cost effective: Usually need less staff with an online business so large savings

Increased convenience: Patients can fill the booking form and can make the payment online through

Credit/Debit card from anywhere in the world.

Customer reviews: Travelers can submit their reviews about Booking they have made and subsequent trips,

increasing customer confidence.

Enable Deals, Bargains, Coupons, and Group Buying: Though there are physical equivalents to deals, bargains,coupons, and group buying, online booking makes it much more convenient.

Increase Visibility through Search Engine Marketing: Expanded customer base, gain new customers with search

engine searches.

Reduce Advertising Costs: Print advertising can get expensive as there may be a need to update regularly, which

requires new work be planned and generated whereas it is much quicker and more cost effective to update and

maintain a website.

Inline marketing through social media:

It is carried out to target only connected/interested potential customer through social media web sites. This

costs much less than physical (print media), TV and wasted work (as it doesnt always reach interested

customer) costs. There is always a chance of viral approach to potential customers.

20.How a firewall can secure web-based booking system from potential online hazards?

A firewall (program or hardware device) filters the information coming through the Internet connection into

cruise line private network or computer system. If an incoming packet of information is flagged by the filters, it i

not allowed through.

Firewalls use one or more of three methods to control traffic flowing in and out of the network:

Packet filtering - Packets (small chunks of data) are analyzed against a set of filters. Packets that make it

through the filters are sent to the requesting system and all others are discarded. Proxy service - Information from the Internet is retrieved by the firewall and then sent to the requesting

system and vice versa.

Stateful inspection - A newer method that doesn't examine the contents of each packet but instead

compares certain key parts of the packet to a database of trusted information. Information traveling

from inside the firewall to the outside is monitored for specific defining characteristics, and then

incoming information is compared to these characteristics. If the comparison yields a reasonable match,

the information is allowed through. Otherwise it is discarded.


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Screen Layouts

1. The first two screens for the web-based course booking system are show below:

Screen 1

Screen 2


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Use the spaces below to re-design both the screens so that they are more user-friendly for the guests to use. Explain

what changes you made to improve each screen and why you made them.

Welcome Screen


Points to be considered ONLY when asked to improve a given screen otherwise only draw it.

Seen on Screen Explanation- increase size of font - to improve readability- use a different font - to make the screen understandable- add suitable pictures - to make the screen attractive- add suitable heading - so the user knows what this screen is for


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Login Screen


Points to be considered ONLY when asked to improve a given screen otherwise only draw it.

Seen on Screen Explanation- password entry to system - to improve security- move instructions - for a better start point- change/lighten colour of box - to attract attention better- login button next to instruction - to make the action clearer


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2. Cruise Booking Web Page.


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Data Flow Diagram


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System Flow Chart

1. System Flow Chart Symbols:


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2. Draw a System Flow Chart which shows the following:

User Login and its Verification

User Registration

Selection of Cruise Select Cabin, Departure Date, Time and Destination

Calculate Fare

Payment through Credit Card and its Verification

Display and Print Cruise Booking Confirmation

Print Daily Bookings


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25 Cosmic Campus, Bhaduarabad

No

Yes

No

Yes

StartStart

Enter User ID &

Password

Verify User ID &

Password

User

Database

Is User

Verified?Display Error Enter User Details

Update User

Database

Select

Cruise

Select Cabin,Departure Date,

Time & Destination

Process

Enter Credit Card

DetailsVerify Credit Card

Bank

Database

Is Credit Card

Verified?Display Error

Update Cruise, User

& Booking FileBooking

Database

Cruise

Database

Display

Confirmation

Process & Sort Daily

Bookings

Print Daily

Bookings

Stop

Print Confirmation

Receipt

Cosmic - Cruise System Final - Minhas

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