DESERTIFICAÇÃO - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco · Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire Admilson da Penha...

DESERTIFICAÇÃOANÁLISE E MAPEAMENTO

Neison Cabral Ferreira FreireAdmilson da Penha Pachêco

DESERTIFICAÇÃOANÁLISE E MAPEAMENTO

Recife2011

Editora

Universitária UFPE

TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS. Proibida a reprodução total ou parcial, por qualquer meio ou processo, especialmente

!"#$%&%'()*%$+#,-."%/$)&.#"01)&."%/$2"'"+#,-."%/$#(!#"+#,-."%/$2"3"+#,-."%$($4&5("+#,-."%6$7(5*5*$*$)()"#&8*9:"$(;"<$

a recuperação total ou parcial em qualquer sistema de processamento de dados e a inclusão de qualquer parte da obra em

=<*1=<(#$!#"+#*)*$><%.&?(#3@A."6$B%%*%$!#"&?&9C(%$*!1&.*)D%($'*)?@)$E%$.*#*.'(#F%A.*%$+#,-.*%$5*$"?#*$($E$%<*$(5&'"#*9:"6

Conselho Editorial

Profa. Dra. Alexandrina Sobreira (Fundação Joaquim Nabuco)G#"2*6$H#*6$IJ.&*$K*4&(#$LM<35*9:"$N"*=<&)$O*?<."PG#"2*6$H#*6$Q(+&3*$I&3%$LR3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5($S1*+"*%P

Q(4&%:"T$S<'"#(%H(%&+3$+#,-."T$B14&#*$5($G*<1*U)*+(3%T$O(&%"3$V*?#*1$M(##(&#*$M#(&#(

V*'*1"+*9:"$3*$2"3'(T$W&?1&"'(.,#&*$N"%(11X$5($W*##"%$Y"39*14(%/$VQWZD[\Z]

M]^^5$ M#(&#(/$O(&%"3$V*?#*1$M(##(&#*6H(%(#A-.*9:"$T$*3,1&%($($)*!(*)(3'"$;$O(&%"3$V*?#*1$M(##(&#*$

M#(&#(/$S5)&1%"3$5*$G(3_*$G*._`."6$ a$Q(.&2($ T$ B56$R3&4(#%&',#&*$5*$UFPE, 2011.

bc$!6$T$&16/$+#,2%6/$)*!*%6

Inclui referências e apêndice.UdWO$b\]D]eD\c[eDZ]fD[$$L?#"._6P

1. H(%(#A-.*9:"6$g6$h"3&'"#&8*9:"$*)?&(3'*16$c6$U)!*.'" ambienD'*1$ a$S4*1&*9:"6$Z6$H(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1$ a$K&3+i$ Lh(%"##(+&:"P6$ U6$Pacheco, Admilson da Penha. II. Titulo.

ccc6\c^$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$VHH$Lgg6(56P$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$RMGB$LWVgf[[Df\^P

_________________________________ Agradecimentos

S"$ V"#!"$ H".(3'($ 5*$ Gi%DY#*5<*9:"$ ()$ V&`3.&*%$ Y("5@%&.*%$ ($

j(.3"1"+&*%$ 5*$ Y("&32"#)*9:"/$ OF4(1$ h(%'#*5"/$ 5"$ H(!*#'*)(3'"$ 5($

B3+(3_*#&*$V*#'"+#,-.*$5*$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5($G(#3*)?<."/$()$(%D

!(.&*1$E$G#"2*6$H#*6$7(#k3&.*$h*#&*$V"%'*$Q"):"/$!(1"$*!"&"$."3l3<"$E$

!(%=<&%*$.&(3l-.*/$($*"$G#"26$H#6$S5)&1%"3$5*$G(3_*$G*._`."/$"#&(3'*5"#$

*.*5`)&."m$E$VSGBd$a$V""#5(3*9:"$5($S!(#2(&9"*)(3'"$5($G(%%"*1$5($

OF4(1$d<!(#&"#m$*"$UOGB$a$U3%A'<'"$O*.&"3*1$5($G(%=<&%*%$B%!*.&*&%$a$=<(/$

*'#*4@%$5"$VGjBV$a$V(3'#"$5($G#(4&%:"$5"$j()!"$($B%'<5"%$V1&),A."%$

– na pessoa do Sr. Eleutério Fernandes, forneceu as imagens e os dados

3(.(%%,#&"%$E$#(*1&8*9:"$5*$!(%=<&%*/$($*"$G#"26$B5<*#5"$V*)*#+"$!(1"%$

(3%&3*)(3'"%$ 3"$ d!#&3+m$ *"$ U3%A'<'"$ 5($ H(%(34"14&)(3'"$ V&(3l-."$ ($

j(.3"1i+&."$5($K&3+i$=<(/$*'#*4@%$5"$Y("K&3+i$a$I*?"#*'i#&"$5($Y("!#"D

.(%%*)(3'"$5($K&3+i$a$!"%%&?&1&'"<$*%$!(%=<&%*%$5($.*)!"$3*$4*%'*$#(D

+&:"$()$(%'<5"/$.<>"$."1(+*$($*)&+"$B3+6$V*#'i+#*2"$n(15(#$Y*)*$'#"<o($

<)*$4*1&"%*$."3'#&?<&9:"$*"$!#".(%%*)(3'"$($*3,1&%($5"%$5*5"%/$*1@)$5"$

B3+6$S+#k3")"$S5#&*3"$S)"#&)$=<($)<&'"$."1*?"#"<$3*$."1('*$5($5*D

5"%$1".*&%/$5*$G#"2*6$p?*3(&5($S35#*5($!(1"$4*1&"%"$)*'(#&*1$?&?1&"+#,-."$

%"?#($5(%(#A-.*9:"$($5"$S5)&3&%'#*5"#$Q"3*15"$h(1"$=<($4&*?&1&8"<$*$

!(%=<&%*$5($.*)!"m$E$Y(i+#*2*$H@?"#*$h"<#*/$5"<'"#*$()$W&"1"+&*$7(+(D

'*1$!(1*$RMGB$!(1*$."3'#&?<&9:"$3*$(o'(3%*$#(4&%:"$?&?1&"+#,-.*$5($K&3+im$

*"$*)&+"$S5)&3&%'#*5"#$Q*2*(1$I<&8$H<#:(%$5($d*3'qS33*/$!(1"$*!"&"$3*$

!(%=<&%*$($E$S#=<&'('*$G*<1*$M*#&*%/$!(1"$.*#&3_"$($*)&8*5($5($1"3+*$5*'*6

r%$*<'"#(%$'*)?@)$*+#*5(.()$*$4*1&"%*$."3'#&?<&9:"$5"$V"3%(1_"$

B5&'"#&*1/$."3%A'<F5"$!(1*%$G#"2*%6$H#*%6$S1(o*35#&3*$d"?#(&#*/$IJ.&*$K*4&(#$

e Regina Lins.

_____________________________________________SUMÁRIO

I&%'*$5($S?#(4&*'<#*%$($d&+1*%$ ................................................................... 9

Capítulo 1 – INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................... 11

Capítulo 2 – A TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE DA DESERTIFICAÇÃO ......... 17

g6[$a$R)*$."3.(&'<*9:"$(3=<*3'"$2(3k)(3"$*3'#i!&."$ ....................$$$$$$$[\

g6g$a$r%$&35&.*5"#(%$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%$ ........................... 23

Capítulo 3 – O SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO E OS SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO YBrYQsMUVS$Or$hrOUjrQShBOjr$ShWUBOjSI$ ............ 31

3.1 – O Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) na detecção de áreas degradadas ................................................................................................. 31

c6[6[$a$G#&3.F!&"%$5"$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$ ............................. 31c6[6g$a$GHU$($Bo'#*9:"$5($U32"#)*9C(%$()$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'($$$$$$$c\

3.1.3 – Detecção de áreas degradadas .........................................$$$$$$Zf

c6g$a$r$V")!"#'*)(3'"$B%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%$3*'<#*&%$5*$V**A3+*$ ...$$$$$$Z[

Capítulo 4$a$S$HBYQSHStur$ShWUBOjSI$Bh$KUOYvT$RhS$7Udur$dUOvjUVS$ORhS$GBQdGBVjU7S$BdGBVjQrDjBhGrQSI$ ... 47

Z6[$a$Y(3(#*1&5*5(%$ ..................................................................................$$$$$$Z\

Z6g$a$h*'(#&*&%$ ...........................................................................................$$$$$$Z]Z6g6[$a$H*5"%$ ...................................................................................$$$$$$$Z]

Z6g6g$a$B=<&!*)(3'"%$ .....................................................................$$$$$$efZ6g6c$a$G#"+#*)*%$V")!<'*.&"3*&%$ ..............................................$$$$$$ef

Z6c$a$h('"5"1"+&*$ .....................................................................................$$$$$$egZ6c6[$a$j#*'*)(3'"$5"%$H*5"%$ .......................................................$$$$$$egZ6c6g$a$G#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$H*5"%$ ................................................$$$$$$eg

Z6c6c$a$h*!(*)(3'"$j(),A."$ ......................................................$$$$$$\[

Z6Z$a$Q(%<1'*5"%$r?A5"%$ ..........................................................................$$$$$$\c

Capítulo 5 – CONCLUSÕES E RECOMENDAÇÕES ................................... 77

e6[$a$B3(#+&*$($!"?#(8*T$*$5<*1&5*5($&3'#F3%(.*$5($K&3+i$a$<)*$5&%cussão ..........................................................................................................$$$$$$\\

e6g$a$[b]b$a$gffcT$"$#(.#<5(%.&)(3'"$5"%$&35&.*5"#(%$*)?&(3'*&%$3*%$,#(*%$5(%(#A-.*5*%$ ...........................................................................$$$$$$\]

Referências ................................................................................................. 82

Apêndice a$h*!*$j(),A."$5*%$s#(*%$5($Q&%."$E$H(%(#A-.*9:"$3*$Região 5($K&3+i$ ................................................................... 93

9

I&%'*$5($S?#(4&*'<#*%$($d&+1*%

CAD – Computer Aided Design

VWBQd$a$China-Brazil Earth Remote Sensing

CD – Compact Disk

VnBdM$a$V")!*3_&*$n&5#"(1@'#&.*$5"$d:"$M#*3.&%."VOG=$a$V"3%(1_"$O*.&"3*1$5($G(%=<&%*$V&(3l-.*$($j(.3"1i+&.*VORhSH$D$V"32(#`3.&*$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&5*%$%"?#($h(&"$S)?&(3'($($H(D

%(34"14&)(3'"$a$B."qbg/$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"CP – Componente PrincipalVGjBV$a$V(3'#"$5($G#(4&%:"$5"$j()!"$($B%'<5"%$V1&),A."%HYU$a$H&4&%:"$5($Y(#*9:"$5($U)*+(3%/$UOGB/$V*._"(&#*$G*<1&%'*;dGHUYBr$a$H&4&%:"$5($Y(".&`3.&*%HIUd$a$H(%(34"14&)(3'"$1".*1/$&3'(+#*5"$($%<%'(3',4(1HdYDc*6HI$a$H&#('"#&*$5($d(#4&9"$Y("+#,-.";c*6$H&4&%:"$5($I(4*3'*)(3D

'"%/$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$Bo@#.&'"/$Y"4(#3"$5"$W#*%&1HdYDe*6HI$a$H&#('"#&*$5($d(#4&9"$Y("+#,-.";e*6$H&4&%:"$5($I(4*3'*)(3D

'"%/$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$Bo@#.&'"/$Y"4(#3"$5"$W#*%&1DXF – Data Exchange Format (Autodesk, Inc.)BBh$a$B%!(.'#"$B1('#")*+3@A."BhWQSGS$a$B)!#(%*$W#*%&1(&#*$5($G(%=<&%*$S+#"!(.<,#&*BhWQSjRQ$a$B)!#(%*$W#*%&1(&#*$5($j<#&%)"/$Y"4(#3"$5"$W#*%&1ETM+ – !"#$"%&'()#&*$+%(,$--&.(/012BjG$a$B4*!"Dj#*3%!&#*9:"$G"'(3.&*1FAO – 344'($"'(56.7%1081.&(9.6$"7:$+4"(4;(8#&(<"78&'(=$+4"2MUY$a$M(5(#*9:"$U3'(#3*.&"3*1$5"%$Y(k)('#*%YGd$a$>04?$0(/427+4"7"6(@A28&*nH$a$Hard Disk

UWShS$a$U3%A'<'"$W#*%&1(&#"$5"$h(&"$S)?&(3'($($Q(.<#%"%$O*'<#*&%$Q(3"4,4(&%UWYB$a$U3%A'<'"$W#*%&1(&#"$5($Y("+#*-*$($B%'*l%A.*UWYB;HUYBr$ a$ U3%A'<'"$ W#*%&1(&#"$ 5($ Y("+#*-*$ ($ B%'*l%A.*;H&4&%:"$ 5($

Y(".&`3.&*%

10 Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

Und$a$B"8&"278A, Hue,(@$81.$+4"$L&3'(3%&5*5(/$)*A8$($%*'<#*9:"PUhr7$a$h@5&*$B%!*.&*1$hi4(1UOGB$a$U3%A'<'"$O*.&"3*1$5($G(%=<&%*%$B%!*.&*&%UK$a$U3%A'<'"$5($H(%(34"14&)(3'"$V&(3l-."$($j(.3"1i+&."$5($K&3+iIBYSI$a$I&3+<*+()$B%!*.&*1$!*#*$Y("!#".(%%*)(3'"$S1+@?#&."MAXVER – Máximo VerossimilhançahhS$a$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$h(&"$S)?&(3'(/$Y"4(#3"$5"$W#*%&1hdW$a$h*!(*)(3'"$d&%'(),A."$W#*%&1(&#"NASA – =4.8#(5*&.7%$"(@-$%7$0(56&"%A/$Y"4(#3"$5"%$BRSOV$a$OF4(1$5($V&38*OH7U$a$w35&.($5*$H&2(#(39*$O"#)*1&8*5*$5($7(+('*9:"rOR$a$r#+*3&8*9:"$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&5*%PC – Ponto de ControlePDI – Processamento Digital de ImagensGBV$a$G*5#:"$5($Bo*A5:"$V*#'"+#,-.*PI – Plano de InformaçãoGOVH;hhS$a$G#"+#*)*$O*.&"3*1$5($V")?*'($E$H(%(#A-.*9:";h&3&%'@#&"$

5"$h(&"$S)?&(3'(/$Y"4(#3"$5"$W#*%&1GORhS$a$G#"+#*)*$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&5*%$!*#*$"$h(&"$S)?&(3'(QYW$a$Red, Green, Blue$L#(%!(.A4*)(3'(/$.*3*&%$5"$4(#)(1_"/$5"$4(#5($

($5"$*8<1PQhdB$a$B##"$h@5&"$x<*5#,A."dBWQSB$a$d(#4&9"$W#*%&1(&#"$5($S!"&"$*$G(=<(3*$($h@5&*$B)!#(%*dSHD^b$a$South American Datum$[b^b$LH*'<)$d<1DS)(#&.*3"$[b^bPdYW$a$d&%'()*$Y("5@%&."$W#*%&1(&#"d7n$a$d&%'()*$7&%<*1$n<)*3"dUY$a$d&%'()*$5($U32"#)*9C(%$Y("+#,-.*%dUYj$a$d&%'()*$5($U32"#)*9C(%$Y("+#,-.*%$j()!"#*&%dGQUOY$a$d&%'()*$!*#*$G#".(%%*)(3'"$5($U32"#)*9C(%$Y("##(2(#(3.&*5*%dRHBOB$a$d<!(#&3'(35`3.&*$5($H(%(34"14&)(3'"$5"$O"#5(%'(TM – )#&*$+%(,$--&.RMSI$a$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5($S1*+"*%RMGB$a$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5($G(#3*)?<."RMd$a$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5($d(#+&!(RnB$K&3+i$a$R%&3*$n&5#(1@'#&.*$5($K&3+iUTM – <"7C&.2$0().$"2C&.2&(,&.%$84.

11

1. INTRODUÇÃO

H(%5($'()!"%$&)()"#&*&%/$"$%(#$_<)*3"$1<'*$."3'#*$*%$*54(#%&5*D

5(%$5"$)(&"$*)?&(3'(/$%(>*$)"5(1*35"$"$)(&"$0%&."$"<$."3%<)&35"$%(<%$

1&)&'*5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%/$3<)*$&3-3&'*$?<%.*$!"#$#&=<(8*$($?()D(%'*#$

)*'(#&*&%6$S$_<)*3&5*5($4()$&3'(#*+&35"$5($2"#)*$.")!1(o*$%"?#($*$?&"D

%2(#*/$)"5&-.*35"$_*?&'*'%$3*'<#*&%$($."1".*35"$3"4"%$5(%*-"%$E%$*'<*&%$

($2<'<#*%$+(#*9C(%6$$d"?$"$!#('(o'"$5"$.#(%.&)(3'"$(."3k)&."/$!#".(%%"%$

#(1*A4*)(3'($#(.(3'(%$5($)"5(#3&8*9:"$4`)$'#*8(35"$+#*4(%$5(%(=<&1FD

?#&"%$%i.&"D*)?&(3'*&%$*$5&4(#%*%$#(+&C(%$5"$!1*3('*/$3"'*5*)(3'($*=<(D

1*%$%&'<*5*%$()$!*F%(%$!"?#(%6

B)?"#*$ )<&'*%$ 4(8(%$ 5('(3'"#(%$ 5($ *1'"$ !*'#&)k3&"$ (."1i+&."/$

(%'*%$ #(+&C(%$3:"$ ."3%(+<()$(%.*!*#$5"$ .&.1"$ 4&.&"%"$5*$!"?#(8*$ ($5*$

destruição ambiental, aumentando a exclusão social e diminuindo a capaD

cidade de carga dos ecossistemas locais. Neste contexto, Sociedade e NaD

'<#(8*$!#(.&%*)$(%'*#$&3A)*)(3'($."##(1*.&"3*5*%$3<)$3"4"$!*#*5&+)*$

5($5(%(34"14&)(3'"$%<%'(3',4(1/$?*%(*5"$()$!#&3.F!&"%$5*$'#*3%5&%.&!1&D

3*#&5*5($%&%'`)&.*$5($<)*$y3"4*z$4&%:"$5(%%($?&3k)&"6

O"$.*%"$?#*%&1(&#"/$<)*$5*%$#(+&C(%$)*&%$*2('*5*%$!(1*$.#&%($5"$)"D

5(1"$5($."3%<)"$(o'(3%&4"$5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$@$"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%AD

no, cuja degradação ambiental$.#(%.(3'($4()$".*%&"3*35"$processos de

!"#"$%&'()*+$.*5*$4(8$)*&%$%&+3&-.*A4"%/$'#*8(35"$.")"$."3%(={`3.&*%$

&)(5&*'*%/$5(3'#($"<'#*%/$*$!(#5*$5*$2(#A1&5*5($5"$%"1"$($5*$?&"5&4(#%&5*D

de, a destruição de habitats naturais e o êxodo rural. Segundo o Censo DeD

)"+#,-."$5($gfff$LUWYB/$gffcP/$.(#.*$5($[]$)&1_C(%$5($!(%%"*%$L"<$Zg|$

5*$!"!<1*9:"$3"#5(%A3*/$"</$*&35*/$[[|$5*$!"!<1*9:"$?#*%&1(&#*P$4&4()$

()$#(+&C(%$5($.1&)*$%()&D,#&5"$3"$W#*%&16

R)*$5&%.<%%:"$."3.(&'<*1$%"?#($"$'()*$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$(4"1<&<$

5(%5($*$5@.*5*$5($^f$5"$%@.<1"$!*%%*5"$($%($."3%"1&5"<$*'#*4@%$5"$5"D

.<)(3'"$ &3A'<1*5"$“Agenda 21”, elaborado durante a Conferência das

O*9C(%$R3&5*%$%"?#($h(&"$S)?&(3'($($H(%(34"14&)(3'"/$#(*1&8*5*$3*$.&D


5*5($5"$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"$()$[bbg$a$*$B."qbg$D/$"35(/$3"$%(<$V*!F'<1"$[g/$

5(-3&<D%($*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$.")"$%(35"$y*$5(+#*5*9:"$5*$'(##*$3*%$8"3*%$

,#&5*%/$ %()&D,#&5*%$($%<?DJ)&5*%$%(.*%/$ #(%<1'*3'($5($4,#&"%$ 2*'"#(%/$ &3D

.1<&35"$*%$4*#&*9C(%$.1&),A.*%$($*%$*A4&5*5(%$_<)*3*%$z$LdSVnd/$[bbcP6$

S$!#(".<!*9:"$.")$"$'()*$@$5($'*1$"#5()$=<($*$r#+*3&8*9:"$5*%$O*9C(%$

R3&5*%$*!#"4"<$()$g^$5($5(8()?#"$5($[bb^$*$V"34(39:"$U3'(#3*.&"3*1$

5($V")?*'($*$H(%(#A-.*9:"/$ %(35"$ #*A-.*5*$!(1"$V"3+#(%%"$O*.&"3*1$

W#*%&1(&#"$3"$5&*$[g$5($><3_"$5($[bb\6$H(%5($(3':"/$5&4(#%*%$&3%A'<&9C(%$

5($!(%=<&%*$($"#+*3&8*9C(%$3:"D+"4(#3*)(3'*&%$?#*%&1(&#*%$'`)$%($5(5&D

.*5"$*"$*%%<3'"/$5(%'*.*35"$"%$(%2"#9"%$5(%(34"14&5"%$!(1*$r-.&3*$5($

j#*?*1_"$%"?#($V&`3.&*$($j(.3"1"+&*$!*#*$*$d<%'(3'*?&1&5*5($5"$d()&D,#&D

5"$5"$O"#5(%'($5"$W#*%&1/$#(*1&8*5*$()$3"4()?#"$5($[bbb$3*$.&5*5($5"$

Recife.

h*&%$#(.(3'()(3'(/$()$%('()?#"$5($gffc/$4,#&"%$!*F%(%$5*$s2#&.*/$

S)@#&.*$I*A3*$($V*#&?($5&%.<A#*)$"$!#"?1()*$5<#*3'($*$^*6$V"32(#`3D

.&*$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&5*%$%"?#($H(%(#A-.*9:"$($d(.*/$#(*1&8*5*$()$n*4*3*/$

V<?*6$O*$".*%&:"/$*"$*3*1&%*#$*%$,#(*%$5($#&%."$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$."3%'*'"<D

se que “o processo de degradação do solo e redução de sua cobertura

4(+('*1$!#"4".*$!#(><F8"%$5($Rd}$Zg$?&1_C(%$!"#$*3"$()$'"5"$"$)<35"$($

*2('*$5&#('*)(3'($)*&%$5($gef$)&1_C(%$5($!(%%"*%z$LM"1_*$r3I&3(/$gffcP6

d()$ 5J4&5*$ (%'*%$ ."32(#`3.&*%$ &3'(#3*.&"3*&%$ #(!#(%(3'*)$ <)$

+#*35($(%2"#9"$!"1FA."$=<($!#(.&%*$(%'*#$*1&*5"$E$*9:"$(o(.<A4*$!*#*$(3D

frentar a magnitude do problema, exigindo seu profundo conhecimento

!*#*$(=<*.&"3*#$%"1<9C(%$4&,4(&%/$"35($*$V&`3.&*$($*$j(.3"1"+&*$.<)!#()$

!*!(1$!#&)"#5&*1/$*1@)$5*$(2(A4*$!*#A.&!*9:"$!"!<1*#$=<(/$*'#*4@%$5"%$

)(.*3&%)"%$ 5*$ %".&(5*5($ .&4&1$ "#+*3&8*5*/$ 5(4()$ 5(.&5&#$ *'@$ "35($ %($

!"5($*!#"4(&'*#$"%$#(.<#%"%$5"$)(&"$*)?&(3'($%()$.")!#")('(#$&##(4(#D

%&4(1)(3'($%<*$<A1&8*9:"$!(1*%$2<'<#*%$+(#*9C(%6

n&%'"#&.*)(3'(/$*$#(+&:"$5"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"$&3%(#&<D%($5(3'#"$

5($<)$)"5(1"$5($5(%(34"14&)(3'"$.<>*$?*%($(."3k)&.*$3:"$(%'*4*$*'#(D

1*5*$E%$."35&.&"3*3'(%$%".&*&%/$.<1'<#*&%$($*)?&(3'*&%$5*$#(+&:"6$S%$!"!<D

1*9C(%$%(#'*3(>*%$*A3+&5*%$!(1"$!#"?1()*$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$!"#$(o()!1"/$

(%':"$(3'#($*%$)*&%$!"?#(%$5"$G*F%/$.")$F35&.(%$5($5(%(34"14&)(3'"$_<D

)*3"$)<&'"$*?*&o"$5*$)@5&*$3*.&"3*16$r$5(%*-"$*'<*1$."3%&%'($()$!#"!"#$

&3%'#<)(3'"%$ '(.3"1i+&."%$=<($!"%%&?&1&'()$*3,1&%(%$ *1'(#3*A4*%$($ *5(D

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$13

=<*5*%$!*#*$*$)(1_"#&*$5*$=<*1&5*5($5($4&5*$($?()D(%'*#$%".&*1$5*%$!"!<D

1*9C(%$=<($_*?&'*)$(%%*%$,#(*%$5"$%()&D,#&5"$5"$O"#5(%'(/$4&%*35"$(%'*D

?(1(.(#$<)$!"3'"$2".*1$5($5(%(34"14&)(3'"$#(+&"3*1$*<'"D%<%'(3',4(1$5($

2"#)*$)<1A5&%.&!1&3*#$($*$!*#A#$5*$.")!#((3%:"$5($=<($"$5&3*)&%)"$5*$

#(+&:"$4&#,$()$2<39:"$5"$3F4(1$5($."3_(.&)(3'"/$*1&*5"$E$!(%=<&%*$*!1&D

.*5*$($E%$&3"4*5"#*%$'@.3&.*%$5($!#"5<9:"$()$."3%"3~3.&*$.")$*%$4".*D

9C(%$%i.&"D(."3k)&.*%$5*$,#(*/$(%."1_(35"$2"#)*%$5($5(%(34"14&)(3'"$

%(3%F4(&%$E$=<(%':"$*)?&(3'*1$($?<%.*35"$."3.&1&*#$*$(o!1"#*9:"$(-.&(3'($

($#(.&.1,4(1$5"%$1&)&'*5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$5"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"$D$"$

y.*!&'*1$3*'<#*1z$D$($*$3(.(%%&5*5($<#+(3'($5($.#(%.&)(3'"$)*'(#&*1$5*%$

.")<3&5*5(%$%(#'*3(>*%$D$"$y.*!&'*1$."3%'#<F5"$!(1"$_")()z6

S$!(%=<&%*$!*#A<$5*$_&!i'(%($=<($=<*35"$"."##($<)$5('(#)&3*5"$

!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$4(#&-.*D%($<)$#(.#<5(%.&)(3'"$5"%$&35&.*5"D

#(%$ %i.&"D(."3k)&."%/$ *'#*4@%$5($ #(1*.&"3*)(3'"%$+("*)?&(3'*&%$ ($*3D

'#i!&."%$5&#('*)(3'($4&3.<1*5"%$*"$2(3k)(3"$"?%(#4*5"/$%(35"$!"%%F4(1$

%<*$&5(3A-.*9:"$*'#*4@%$5($&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'($($5*5"%$.(3%&',#&"%6

O(%'($."3'(o'"/$!"#'*3'"/$(%'($(%'<5"$'(4($"$"?>(A4"$5($."3'#&?<&#$

.")$*$!(%=<&%*$*!1&.*5*$*"$)*!(*#$($*3*1&%*#$*%$,#(*%$5($#&%."$!*%%F4(&%$

5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$'")*35"$.")"$(%'<5"$5($.*%"$

<)*$,#(*$+("+#,-.*$5(3")&3*5*$5($Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i/$<A1&8*35"D%($5*%$

tecnologias proporcionadas pelo Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistemas de

Y("&32"#)*9:"/$&5(3A-.*35"$*%$!"%%F4(&%$&3'(#*9C(%$(3'#($"%$)(&"%$0%&."$

($%i.&"D(."3k)&."$($(%!*.&*1&8*35"$*%$"."##`3.&*%$5(%'($2(3k)(3"$*)D

?&(3'*1$5($.*<%*%$*3'#i!&.*%6

r?>(A4"<D%(/$(3':"/$*4*1&*#$"$!"'(3.&*1$5(%'(%$&3%'#<)(3'*&%$'(.D

3"1i+&."%$ !*#*$ '*&%$ -3*1&5*5(%/$ *'#*4@%$ 5($ %@#&(%$ '()!"#*&%$ ($ )<1A(%D

pectrais de imagens de satélite combinadas com mapas digitais e dados

5(%.#&A4"%$ 5"%$ &35&.*5"#(%$ %i.&"D(."3k)&."%/$ "35(/$ 3"$ '#*3%."##(#$ 5*$

!(%=<&%*/$!#('(35(<D%($(%'*?(1(.(#$*%$ #(1*9C(%$5($ .*<%*$($(2(&'"$($5"D

.<)(3'*#$*$(4"1<9:"$5"$2(3k)(3"$3"$!(#F"5"$()$(%'<5"/$!*#*$(3':"$-D

3*1&8*#$.")$*1+<)*%$!#"!"%&9C(%$5($!#(4(39:"$($.")?*'($*"%$!#".(%%"%$

5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$."3%.&(3'($5($=<($()$<)$%&%'()*$4&4"/$*$.")!#((3%:"$

5*%$!*#'(%$3:"$1(4*$3(.(%%*#&*)(3'($E$.")!#((3%:"$5"$'"5"/$!"&%$(%'($

3(.(%%&'*$5($<)*$."3'(o'<*1&8*9:"$'#*3%5&%.&!1&3*#$($&3'(+#*5*6

[Z Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

S1@)$5&%%"/$ <)*$!#"!"%'*$)('"5"1i+&.*$ 2"&$ 2"#)<1*5*$ 3"$ %(3AD

5"$5($&3'(+#*#$5&4(#%*%$'(.3"1"+&*%$5($'#*'*)(3'"$5*$&32"#)*9:"$(%!*.&*1$

.")$"$"?>(A4"$5($."3'#&?<&#$!*#*$*$5('(.9:"$($"$.")?*'($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$

3"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"$a$<)$'()*$*'<*1$($()$."3%'*3'($(4"1<9:"$3"$

meio acadêmico que desperta um profundo interesse não apenas para

*$*+(35*$+"4(#3*)(3'*1$?#*%&1(&#*/$.")"$'*)?@)$!*#*$'"5*%$*%$3*9C(%$

que lidam com o problema.

r%$*%!(.'"%$."3.(&'<*&%$#(2(#(3'(%$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$.")"$<)$2(3kD

)(3"$3&A5*)(3'($*3'#i!&."$2"#*)$'#*'*5"%$3"$Capítulo 2, passando pela

*3,1&%($5($%(<%$&35&.*5"#(%$5($%&'<*9:"$L%i.&"D(."3k)&."%$($.1&),A."%P$($

(%!(.&-.*)(3'($5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$L4(+('*9:"/$%"1"%$($#(.<#%"%$_F5#&."%P/$

*)?"%$."3%*+#*5"%$!(1*$1&'(#*'<#*$.&(3l-.*$*'<*16$V*#*.'(#F%A.*%$0%&.*%$

($%<%.(A?&1&5*5(%$5*$#(+&:"$%()&D,#&5*$2"#*)$5(%.#&'*%/$&5(3A-.*35"$"%$

3J.1("%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$($(32".*35"$*$=<(%':"$5*%$%(.*%$.")"$<)$2*'"#$

&)!"#'*3'(/$()?"#*$3:"$5('(#)&3*3'(/$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$

*1@)$5"%$ &)!*.'"%$ *)?&(3'*&%/$ %".&*&%$ ($ (."3k)&."%6$ G(1*$ &)!"#'~3.&*$

(%!(.'#"D'(o'<*1/$"%$(."%%&%'()*%$"35($!#(5")&3*)$*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$

5($V**A3+*$2"#*)$5(%.#&'"%$5('*1_*5*)(3'($()$%(<%$5")F3&"%$3*'<#*&%$

.")$#(1*9:"$E%$5&2(#(39*%$-%&"3k)&.*%$L!"#'(/$5(3%&5*5(/$(%!@.&($($o(#"D

-1&%)"P6$S%%&)/$*$V**A3+*$2"&$5(-3&5*$.")"$<)*$)*'*$'#"!&.*1$%(.*/$=<($

*!#(%(3'*$.*#*.'(#F%A.*%$#(1*.&"3*5*%$E$5(-.&`3.&*$_F5#&.*/$.")$!1*3'*%$

_(#?,.(*%$*3<*&%/$ %<.<1`3.&*/$*.J1("%$($(%!&3_"%/$ %(35"$."3%A'<F5*$5($

4(+('*&%$1(3_"%"%$($.")$<)*$.")!"%&9:"$�"#F%A.*$3:"$<3&2"#)(/$#(%<1D

'*35"$3<)$*1'"$+#*<$5($?&"5&4(#%&5*5(6$M"&$'*)?@)$'#*'*5*$*$=<(%':"$5"$

5(%*-"$5"$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$%<%'(3',4(1$3"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"$?#*%&D

1(&#"/$"35($*$5&*1@A.*$5"%$1&)&'*5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$($*$3(.(%%&5*5($5($

.#(%.&)(3'"$(."3k)&."$5*%$!"!<1*9C(%$4()$%($."34(#'(35"$3<)*$!#("D

.<!*9:"$!#&"#&',#&*$5($!#"+#*)*%$+"4(#3*)(3'*&%6

O Capítulo 3$(%'<5"<$"$!"'(3.&*1$5"$&3%'#<)(3'*1$+("'(.3"1i+&."$

5&%!"3F4(1$%"?$"$!"3'"$5($4&%'*$5"$)(&"$*)?&(3'(/$<%"$5"$%"1"$($*3,1&%(%$

(%!*.&*&%$?*%(*5*%$()$!#".(%%"%$(%!*9"D'()!"#*&%$($)"5(1"%$0%&."%$($

%i.&"D(."3k)&."%6$r$ d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$ .")$"$ G#".(%%*)(3'"$H&D

+&'*1$5($U)*+(3%/$%<*%$'@.3&.*%$($#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%$()$#(1(4*3'(%$'#*?*D

1_"%$.&(3l-."%$%"?#($"$'()*$2"#*)$*?"#5*5"%$5('*1_*5*)(3'(6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[e

G*#*$*$(o'#*9:"$5*%$&32"#)*9C(%$(%!*.&*&%$($5(4&5"$E$(o'(3%*$3*D

'<#(8*$+("+#,-.*$5*$#(+&:"/$'"#3"<D%($&)!#(%.&35F4(1$*$4&%:"$%&3iA.*$!#"D

!"#.&"3*5*$!(1*%$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'(/$*1&*5*%$E%$!"%%&?&1&5*5(%$5($*3,1&D

ses temporais e espectrais dos sensores remotos. Foram coletados dados

*)?&(3'*&%$#(2(#(3'(%$*"%$F35&.(%$!1<4&")@'#&."%$5"$!(#F"5"$()$(%'<5"/$

4(#&-.*35"D%($=<*&%$ *%$)(1_"#(%$5*'*%$5($*=<&%&9:"$5*%$ .(3*%$"#?&'*&%/$

."3%&5(#*35"D%($!&."%$)(3%*&%$*.<)<1*5"%$5($)F3&)"$($5($),o&)"$()$

.&.1"%$ .1&),A."%6$r%$5*5"%/$)@'"5"%/$!*#~)('#"%/$!#"+#*)*%$.")!<'*D

.&"3*&%/$(=<&!*)(3'"%$(1('#k3&."%/$!#".(5&)(3'"%/$*3,1&%(%/$!(%=<&%*$5($

.*)!"$ ($ #(%<1'*5"%$ "?A5"%$ 3*$ (o!(#&)(3'*9:"$ 1*?"#*'"#&*1$ 2"#*)/$ (3D

tão, detalhados no Capítulo 46$H*'*%/$ &)*+(3%$5($ %*'@1&'(/$)*!*%/$ #"AD

3*%/$!#"+#*)*%$($#"A3*%$(%!(.F-."%/$5*5"%$!1<4&")@'#&."%/$.(3%&',#&"%$($

%i.&"D(."3k)&."%$2"#*)$<A1&8*5"%$5(3'#"$5($<)$)"5(1"$)('"5"1i+&."$($

."3.(&'<*1$4&%*35"$*$&)!1()(3'*9:"$5($<)$dUY$=<($!<5(%%($)"5(1*#$"$

)<35"$#(*1$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"$(/$*%%&)/$'"#3*#D%($.*!*8$5($#(%!"35(#$E%$

5()*35*%$"?>('"$5(%'*$!(%=<&%*6$S'#*4@%$5"$.#<8*)(3'"$5($5&4(#%"%$5*D

5"%$(%!*.&*&%$($5(%.#&A4"%$()$%@#&(%$'()!"#*&%$L[b]b$a$[bbe$a$gffcP/$2"&$

então estabelecida uma metodologia para abordar o problema acadêmico

%"?$<)$!"3'"$5($4&%'*$*1&.(#9*5"$()$<)$3"4"$!*#*5&+)*$'(.3"1i+&."T$*$

&3'(+#*9:"$5"$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$($5"%$d&%'()*%$5($Y("&32"#)*9:"/$

*!"&*35"D%($()$%<*%$'@.3&.*%$5($.1*%%&-.*9:"$%<!(#4&%&"3*5*$($5($*3,1&%($

(%!*.&*16$G*#*$4*1&5*#$"%$#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%$()$1*?"#*'i#&"/$<)$."3><3'"$

5($!"3'"%D"?>('"$+("##(2(#(3.&*5"%$2"&$&5(3A-.*5"$3"$.*)!"$($(3':"$5"D

.<)(3'*5"$!"#$2"'"+#*-*%$5&+&'*&%$5"$*)?&(3'($()$(%'<5"6

r?%(#4*35"D%($*$1&'(#*'<#*$%"?#($"$'()*$($5($!"%%($5"%$#(%<1'*5"%$

"#&+&3*5"%$3"$.*!F'<1"$*3'(#&"#/$"$Capítulo 5 conclui a pesquisa ao anaD

lisar, inicialmente, o paradoxo existente na região entre a modernidade

representada pela geração de energia elétrica que alimenta boa parte do

O"#5(%'($*$!*#A#$5*$ &3%'*1*9:"$5*$R%&3*$n&5#(1@'#&.*$5($K&3+i$()$[bb^$

(/$ !"#$ "<'#"$ 1*5"/$ "$ #(.#<5(%.&)(3'"$ 5"%$ &35&.*5"#(%$ %i.&"D*)?&(3'*&%$

3"%$)<3&.F!&"%$.&#.<34&8&3_"%$E$<%&3*6$r%$5*5"%$)"%'#*#*)/$(3-)/$=<(/$

()?"#*$<A1&8*35"$<)$!"5(#"%"$#(.<#%"$3*'<#*1/$*$+(#*9:"$5($(3(#+&*$3:"$

'#"<o($#&=<(8*$(."3k)&.*$E%$!"!<1*9C(%$5(%'*$!"#9:"$5"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#D

5(%A3"/$)*%$%&)$<)$*+#*4*)(3'"$5*$5(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1/$&3%(#&35"$*$

#(+&:"$3<)$."3'(o'"$.#(%.(3'($5($%<%.(A?&1&5*5($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$($."3D

[^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

%(={(3'($*<)(3'"$5"%$F35&.(%$5($!"?#(8*6$r$.*!F'<1"$-3*1&8*$*"$"?%(#4*#$

*1+<)*%$!#"!"%&9C(%$5($!"1FA.*%$!J?1&.*%$5($ ."34&4`3.&*$ .")$*$ %(.*$($

.")?*'($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$(4&'*35"/$*%%&)/$"$1<+*#$.")<)$5*$.*',%'#"2(/$

tão presente nesta área do conhecimento aplicado.

H(%%($)"5"/$*$(o!(#&)(3'*9:"$1*?"#*'"#&*1$4*1&5*5*$()$!(%=<&%*%$

5($ .*)!"$ (4&5(3.&"<$ "$ *+#*4*)(3'"$ 5"$ !#"?1()*$ 5*$ 5(+#*5*9:"$ *)D

?&(3'*1$3*$#(+&:"$5($K&3+i$3*$J1A)*$5@.*5*$5"$%@.<1"$!*%%*5"/$"35($%($

."3%'*'"</$!"#$(o()!1"/$"$*<)(3'"$5($.(#.*$5($b[|$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"$3"$

!(#F"5"$[b]b$a$gffc/$>,$#(!#(%(3'*35"$[6\[e/\[$�)�$5*$,#(*$'"'*1$5($(%D

'<5"$LZ6Zfe/gb$�)�P$(3'#($"%$%(&%$)<3&.F!&"%$.&#.<34&8&3_"%$E$R%&3*$n&5#(D

1@'#&.*$5($K&3+i$L()$S1*+"*%T$r1_"$Hqs+<*$5"$V*%*5"/$G&#*3_*%$($G:"D5(D

S9J.*#/$($()$d(#+&!(T$G"9"$Q(5"35"/$V*3&35@$5"$d:"$M#*3.&%."$($G"#'"$5*$

M"1_*P6$S%%&)/$"?%(#4"<D%(/$!"#$(o()!1"/$=<($*$.1*%%($V**A3+*$S#?<%A4*$

2"&$'"'*1)(3'($5(+#*5*5*$()$)*&%$5($^b|$D$F35&.($*)?&(3'*1$*1*#)*3'($

.")$+#*35(%$!#(><F8"%$E$?&"5&4(#%&5*5(/$E$2(#A1&5*5($5"$%"1"$($*"$*<)(3D

'"$5"$`o"5"$#<#*1/$5(3'#($"<'#*%$."3%(={`3.&*%$3(+*A4*%6$V"3%&5(#*35"D

%($*$2#*+&1&5*5($5"%$(."%%&%'()*%$5*$V**A3+*$($*$ 1(3'*$#(%'*<#*9:"$5"%$

recursos ambientais desta biota, o problema ganha uma dimensão ainda

maior.

V"3.1<&35"/$*$!(%=<&%*$*!#(%(3'*$"%$!#&3.&!*&%$#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%/$

2*8(35"$<)*$*?"#5*+()$-3*1$!*3"#~)&.*$%"?#($"$."3><3'"$#(2(#(3.&*5"/$

%<*$."3'#&?<&9:"$.&(3l-.*$($#(1(4~3.&*$!*#*$"$."3_(.&)(3'"$.&(3l-."$%"D

bre o tema da !"#"$%&'()*+/$(%!(.&*1)(3'($3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i6

[\

2. A TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE DA DESERTIFICAÇÃO1

2.1 Uma conceituação enquanto fenômeno antrópico

O termo !"#"$%&'()*+$'()$<)*$5(-3&9:"$"-.&*1$(%'*?(1(.&5*$!(1*$

ONU. Durante a CNUMAD, em 1992, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a AssemD

?1@&*$Y(#*1$5*$rOR$*!#"4"<$*$3(+".&*9:"$5*$yV"34(39:"$U3'(#3*.&"3*1$5($

V")?*'($*$H(%(#A-.*9:"z/$ &3&.&*5*$()$>*3(&#"$5($[bbc$($."3.1<F5*$()$

G*#&%$()$[\$5($><3_"$5($[bbZ$a$5*'*$(%'*?(1(.&5*$.")"$"$yH&*$h<35&*1$5($

I<'*$V"3'#*$*$H(%(#A-.*9:"z6$G"%'(#&"#)(3'(/$"$5".<)(3'"$2"&$*!#"4*5"$

!"#$.(#.*$5($[ee$!*F%(%$()$5(8()?#"$5($[bb^/$&3.1<&35"$"$W#*%&1/$%(35"$

-3*1)(3'($#*A-.*5"$!(1"$V"3+#(%%"$O*.&"3*1$W#*%&1(&#"$()$5(8()?#"$5($

[bb\6$S$V"34(39:"/$ ()$ %(<$V*!F'<1"$[g/$ *-#)*$=<(T$ y,-!"#"$%&'()*+-

deve ser entendida como a degradação da terra nas zonas áridas, semi-

áridas e sub-úmidas, resultante de vários fatores, incluindo as variações

'./01%'(#-"-(#-(%2/!(!"#-340(5(#z$LdShGSUr$�$dShGSUr/$gffgP6

r$'(o'"$5*$V"34(39:"$'*)?@)$5(-3($=<($*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$!"5($

"."##(#$()$2<39:"$5*$5(+#*5*9:"$5*$'(##*/$5*%$8"3*%$.1&),A.*%$(%!(.FD

-.*%$($5"%$2*'"#(%$#(%<1'*3'(%$5($!#".(%%"%$*3'#i!&."%/$!"5(35"$%($)*D

3&2(%'*#$()$=<*1=<(#$!*#'($5"$!1*3('*/$ .")$(o.(9:"$5*%$ 8"3*%$!"1*#(%$

($ %<?!"1*#(%/$ %(35"$ '(.3&.*)(3'($ (%'*?(1(.&5"$ =<($"$ w35&.($ 5($S#&5(8$

L"<$%(>*/$<)*$#*8:"$(3'#($*$!#(.&!&'*9:"$*3<*1$($*$(4*!"D'#*3%!&#*9:"$!"D

'(3.&*1P$.")!#((35&5*$(3'#($f/fe$($f/^e$.*#*.'(#&8*$#(+&C(%$(3=<*5#*5*%$

3"$(%."!"$5($*!1&.*9:"$5*$V"34(39:"/$ %(35"$(%'($ F35&.($*5"'*5"$!*#*$

"$S'1*%$h<35&*1$5*$H(%(#A-.*9:"$5"$GORhS$a$<)*$#(2(#`3.&*$)<35&*1$

1 D$-E8104(-1?07%$'4("4(;4.*$84('&($.+64(&*F(GHI(J&C728$(>&46.$K$(L(CM(HNO("M(HO(P$"MQP1"M(RSST(L(<"7C&.27'$'&(!28$'1$0('&(U4"'.7"$V(GRI(,41.$O(50&W$"'.7"$(G4.6MIM(/40E+%$2(/X?070%$(&(,&74(5*?7&"8&F('$(&%4"4*7$(-40E+%$(Y2($Z[&2( 8&..784.7$72M( J&%7;&F( 31"'$Z\4( ]4$^17*(=$?1%4O(!'M(,$22$"6$"$O(RSS_M(G-M(HR_LHT`IM

[] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

%"?#($"$'()*6$V"32"#)($(%'*$5(-3&9:"/$y"$+#*<$5($*#&5(8$5($<)*$#(+&:"$

5(!(35($5*$=<*3A5*5($5($,+<*$*54&35*$5*$._<4*$LGP$($5*$!(#5*$),o&D

)*$!"%%F4(1$5($,+<*$*'#*4@%$5*$(4*!"#*9:"$($'#*3%!&#*9:"$LBjGPz$LWQSdUI/$

[bbbP/$.<>*$2i#)<1*$(%'*?(1(.&5*$!"#$j_"#3'_�*&'($()$[bZ[$2"&$!"%'(#&"#D

)(3'($*><%'*5*$!"#$G(3)*3$*$-)$5($=<($%($(1*?"#*%%($*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$=<($

é hoje aceita internacionalmente (Tabela 1).

H*$j*?(1*$[/$4(#&-.*D%($=<($*$*'<*9:"$5*$V"34(39:"$#(%'#&3+(D%(/$

!"#'*3'"/$ E%$ #(+&C(%$,#&5*%/$ %()&D,#&5*%$($ %<?DJ)&5*%$ %(.*%$5"$)<35"/$

%")*35"$.(#.*$5($[;c$5($'"5*$*$%<!(#0.&($5"$!1*3('*/$"<$)*&%$5($e$?&D

1_C(%$5($_*$ Le[6\gf6fff$�)�P/$*2('*35"$5&#('*$($ &35&#('*)(3'($)*&%$5($

[ff$!*F%(%/$(o.1<&35"$5(%%($'"'*1$"%$5(%(#'"%/$=<($%")*)$b6\]f6fff$�)�/$

"<$[^|$5*$%<!(#0.&($5"$+1"?"$LWQSdUI/$gffcP6

SOHQSHB$L[bbbP$*-#)*$=<($"$+#*<$5($*#&5(8$5($<)*$#(+&:"$!*#*$

"<'#*/$3"$(3'*3'"/$@$)<&'"$4*#&,4(1/$y_*4(35"$*=<(1*%$.1*%%&-.*5*%$.")"$

_&!(#D,#&5*%/$"35($*$<)&5*5($@$)<&'"$?*&o*$5<#*3'($'"5"$*3"z$($"<'#*%$

."3%&5(#*5*%$*!(3*%$,#&5*%$.")$._<4*%$(%!"#,5&.*%$(/$*&35*/$"<'#*%$,#(*%$

%()&D,#&5*%/$y=<*35"$*$(%'*9:"$J)&5*$@$.<#'*/$5($'#`%$*$=<*'#"$)(%(%$!"#$

*3"/$!(#)&A35"$"$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$5($.<1'<#*%$5($.&.1"$4(+('*A4"$.<#'"z/$

%&'<*9:"$(%'*$)*&%$!#io&)*$5*$#(*1&5*5($5"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"6

j*?(1*$[$D$V*'(+"#&*%$5($.1&)*$5($*."#5"$.")$"$F35&.($5($*#&5(8

Categoria Índice de Aridez

n&!(#Ds#&5" �$f/fe$

Árido f/fe$D$f/gf

d()&Ds#&5" f/g[$D$f/ef

d<?DJ)&5"$%(." f/e[$D$f/^e

d<?DJ)&5"$($J)&5" �$f/^e

M"3'(T$hhS/$gffc6

B3'#('*3'"/$."34@)$"?%(#4*#$=<($y*$*#&5(8$"<$*$%()&D*#&5(8/$3:"$

'"#3*)$(%'*%$'(##*%$&)!#"5<A4*%/$*!(%*#$5*$!"?#(8*$5"%$%"1"%$()$)*'@D

#&*$"#+~3&.*/$<)*$4(8$=<($"%$)(%)"%$!"5()$%(#$(3#&=<(.&5"%$.")$*5<D

?"%$"#+~3&."%$"<$!"5()$%(#$ &##&+*5"%z$ LSOHQSHB/$[bbbP/$ .")"$"."##($


()$5&4(#%"%$!*F%(%$5"$)<35"6$ U%'"$!(#)&'($*-#)*#/$(3':"/$=<($*$4*#&*D

9:"$5*$%<%.(A?&1&5*5($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$3:"$!"5($%(#$<3&.*)(3'($(o!#(%%*$

!(1"$ F35&.($ 5($ *#&5(8/$ <)*$ 4(8$ =<($"<'#"%$ 2*'"#(%/$ .")"$!"#$ (o()!1"/$

*%$*A4&5*5(%$_<)*3*%$%"?#($"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%/$!"5()$&3'(#4&#6$S%%&)/$

há que se considerar que mesmo atendendo aos pesquisadores, a ConD

4(39:"$5*$rOR$!#(.&%*$5($*5(=<*9C(%$E%$5&4(#%*%$#(*1&5*5(%$#(+&"3*&%/$

!"5(35"$_*4(#$<)*$*)!1&*9:"$!"%'(#&"#$ 5"$ ."3.(&'"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$

então adotado.

S!(%*#$5"%$5&4(#%"%$(%'<5"%$#(*1&8*5"%/$3:"$_,/$."3'<5"/$<)$."3D

%(3%"$.&(3l-."$%"?#($*$5&)(3%:"$($*?#*3+`3.&*$5"$!#"?1()*/$.<>"$5(%(3D

."3'#"$5($&3'(#!#('*9C(%$5"$'(o'"$5*$V"34(39:"$%"?#($H(%(#A-.*9:"$!"#$

!*#'($5*$)F5&*$'()$.*<%*5"$.(#'*$."32<%:"$%"?#($"$'()*$!(#*3'($*$%".&(D

5*5(6$d(+<35"$dShGSUr$�$dShGSUr$LgffgP/$(%'(%$5(%(3."3'#"%$'`)$'#`%$

.*<%*%$ !#&3.&!*&%T$ [P$r$ ."3.(&'"$ 5($ 5(%(#A-.*9:"$ 3:"$ 2"&$ 5(%(34"14&5"$

!(1"$<%"/$)*%$%&)$5($(3'(35&)(3'"%$5&!1"),A."%/$+(#*35"$*)?&+{&5*D

5(%m$gP$"$'(#)"$#()('($E$2"#)*9:"$5"$5(%(#'"$3"%$)"15(%$5*$(o!*3%:"$5"$

d**#*$*2#&.*3"$D$%&'<*9:"$!"<."$!#"4,4(1$5($4&#$*$(o&%A#/$!"#$(o()!1"/$3"$

%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"$($3(.(%%&'*35"/$!"#'*3'"/$5($<)*$)(1_"#$%&+3&-.*D

9:"$.&(3l-.*m$(/$cP$*%$(o!1&.*9C(%$5"$'(o'"$%:"$4*+*%$($.*#(.()$5($)(1_"#$

aplicabilidade para a realidade brasileira.

H($*."#5"$ .")$"$ UWShS$ LgffcP/$ y3"$W#*%&1/$ *$ 5(%(#A-.*9:"$(3D

."3'#*D%($(%!(.&*1)(3'($."3%&5(#*5*$3*$�G"1FA.*$O*.&"3*1$5($V"3'#"1($E$

H(%(#A-.*9:"q/$.<>*%$5&#('#&8(%$5(%'*.*)/$(3'#($%(<%$)*#."%$#(2(#(3.&*&%/$

�*$3(.(%%&5*5($5"$2"#'*1(.&)(3'"$5*$?*%($5($."3_(.&)(3'"%$($5(%(34"1D

4&)(3'"$5($%&%'()*%$5($&32"#)*9:"$($)"3&'"#*)(3'"$!*#*$*%$#(+&C(%$%<%D

.(!l4(&%$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$($E$%(.*qz6

G"#$"<'#"$1*5"/$*!(%*#$5($%@.<1"%$5($."1"3&8*9:"$(<#"!@&*$5"$%()&D

,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$ *&35*$3:"$_,$!(%=<&%*%$ .&(3l-.*%$()$ 1*#+*$(%.*1*$=<($

(4&5(3.&()$y*'@$"35($"%$!#".(%%"%$5($<%"$5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$!"5()$

%<%'(3'*#D%($%()$!#")"4(#$*$5(+#*5*9:"$($':"$!"<."$%($%*?($()$=<*3D

'"$*$(o'#*9:"$5($1(3_*$($!#"5<9:"$5($.*#4:"/$*$!(.<,#&*$($*$*+#&.<1'<#*$

&3�<(3.&*)$3*$!(#5*$5($?&"5&4(#%&5*5(/$5*$!#"5<A4&5*5($5"$%"1"$"<$()$

"<'#"%$2*'"#(%$5($5(+#*5*9:"$5*$'(##*z$LSQS�Nr$('$*11&/$gffgP6

O*%$ ><%A-.*A4*%$ 5*$ !#i!#&*$ V"34(39:"$ 5*$ rOR$ ."3%'*$ =<($ y"$

crescimento da população e da densidade populacional contribuem para


*$(o!1"#*9:"$5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$*1@)$5($%<*$.*!*.&5*5($5($%<!"#'(z$

LWQSdUI/$ [bbbP6$ H(%%($ )"5"/$ (%'($ *<)(3'"$ !"!<1*.&"3*1/$ *1&)(3'*#$ ($

(3(#+@A."/$*1@)$5"$."3%<)"$.*5*$4(8$)*&"#$5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%/$4()$

!#"4".*35"$&)!"#'*3'($&)!*.'"$3*%$#(+&C(%$%()&D,#&5*%6$V"3'#&?<&$!*#*$

"$!#"?1()*$*$&3*5(=<*9:"$5"%$%&%'()*%$!#"5<A4"%$=<($*+#*4*$"$=<*5#"$

%".&*1$($ 1(4*$!"!<1*9:"$*$)&+#*#$!*#*$"%$.(3'#"%$<#?*3"%/$'#*8(35"/$()$

J1A)*$&3%'~3.&*/$<)$5(%(=<&1F?#&"$#(+&"3*16

O"$.*%"$?#*%&1(&#"/$*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$(%',$3&A5*)(3'($4&3.<1*5*$*"$

fator de degradação da terra, implicando em redução ou perda de produD

A4&5*5($?&"1i+&.*$"<$(."3k)&.*6$R)$(o()!1"$l!&."$@$"$.*%"$5"$)<3&.FD

!&"$5($V*?#"?i/$()$G(#3*)?<."/$"35($y"$5(%*!*#(.&)(3'"$5*%$.*)*5*%$

5($%"1"$2@#A1$5*$&1_*$L5($S%%<39:"P$2"&$#(%<1'*5"$5&#('"$5*$*9:"$5(%*%'#"%*$

5"$_")()z/$ "35($ y!#">('"%$ 5($ &##&+*9:"$)*1$ ."35<8&5"%$ 1(4*#*)$,+<*$

()$(o.(%%"$!*#*$"$'(##(3"$($*1'(#*#*)$5#*%A.*)(3'($*$.")!"%&9:"$=<FD

mica do solo. Com as altas temperaturas do Sertão e sem um sistema de

5#(3*+()$*5(=<*5"/$*$,+<*$(4*!"#"<$#*!&5*)(3'($($-.*#*)$*!(3*%$"%$

%*&%$."3.(3'#*5"%$3*$'(##*/$3<)*$=<*3A5*5($':"$*1'*$=<($!#*A.*)(3'($

3(3_<)*$!1*3'*$."3%(+<($%"?#(4&4(#z/$#(%<1'*35"$3*$%*1&3&8*9:"$($(#"%:"$

5($5&4(#%*%$,#(*%$LN"#3*1$5"$V"))(#.&"/$[bbbP6

O(%'($."3'(o'"/$dShGSUr$�$dShGSUr$LgffgP$*-#)*)$=<($y5(%(#D

A-.*9:"$@$<)$!#".(%%"/$"$ #(%<1'*5"$5($<)*$5&3~)&.*z$($ y!*#*$ %(#$ .*D

#*.'(#&8*5*$!#(.&%*D%($5($<)*$%@#&($'()!"#*1$5($5*5"%z/$!"&%$<)$=<*5#"$

&3%'*3'~3("$3:"$!(#)&'($*4*1&*#$<)*$4*#&*9:"$3"$'()!"6

H($*."#5"$.")$*$MSr$ LgffcP/$*%$5(+#*5*9C(%$5*$ '(##*$ &35<8&5*%$

!(1"$_")()$'`)$.&3."$.")!"3(3'(%T

*P$H(+#*5*9:"$5*%$!"!<1*9C(%$*3&)*&%$($4(+('*&%$L5(+#*5*9:"$?&D

iA.*$"<$!(#5*$5*$?&"5&4(#%&5*5(P$5($4*%'*%$,#(*%$5"$%()&D,#&5"$

5(4&5"$E$.*9*$($(o'#*9:"$5($)*5(&#*m

?P$H(+#*5*9:"$5"$%"1"/$=<($!"5($"."##(#$!"#$(2(&'"$0%&."$L(#"%:"$

_F5#&.*$"<$(i1&.*$($.")!*.'*9:"$.*<%*5*$!(1"$<%"$5*$)(.*3&8*D

9:"$!(%*5*P$"<$!"#$(2(&'"$=<F)&."$L%*1&3&8*9:"$"<$%"5&-.*9:"Pm

.P$H(+#*5*9:"$5*%$ ."35&9C(%$_&5#"1i+&.*%$5($ %<!(#0.&($5(4&5"$E$

!(#5*$5*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1m


5P$H(+#*5*9:"$5*%$."35&9C(%$+("_&5#"1i+&.*%$ L,+<*%$%<?'(##~3(D

*%P$5(4&5"$*$)"5&-.*9C(%$3*%$."35&9C(%$5($#(.*#+*m

(P$H(+#*5*9:"$5*$&32#*(%'#<'<#*$(."3k)&.*$($5*$=<*1&5*5($5($4&5*$

dos assentamentos humanos.

O"$W#*%&1/$%(+<35"$"$UWShS$LgffcP/$*%$,#(*%$%<>(&'*%$*"%$!#".(%%"%$

5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$."##(%!"35()/$?*%&.*)(3'(/$E=<(1*%$"-.&*1)(3'($5(1&D

)&'*5*%$.")"$yG"1F+"3"$5*%$d(.*%z/$".<!*35"$.(#.*$5($[6f]c6\bf/\$�)2,

!"&%$(%':"$%<>(&'*%$*$!(#F"5"%$.<#'"%$"<$!#"1"3+*5"%$5($(%A*+(3%6$B%'(35(D

%($!"#$?"*$!*#'($5"$O"#5(%'($?#*%&1(&#"/$*A3+&35"$'*)?@)$<)*$!(=<(3*$

!"#9:"$*"$3"#'($5"$B%'*5"$5($h&3*%$Y(#*&%6$j#*'*D%($5"$yj#i!&."$d()&D,#&D

5"z/$&3."#!"#*35"$.*#*.'(#F%A.*%$.1&),A.*%$5"$%()&D,#&5"$($5"$%<?DJ)&5"$

%(."/$!"%%<&35"$(%'#<'<#*%$+("1i+&.*%$#(2(#(3'(%$*"$(%.<5"$.#&%'*1&3"$($E%$

?*.&*%$%(5&)(3'*#(%/$)"#2"(%'#<'<#*%$.")$?1"."%$%"(#+<&5"%$($5(!#(%%C(%$

*!#(%(3'*35"$2"#)*9C(%$5($V**A3+*$($5($V(##*5"6$d(+<35"$5*5"%$5"$V(3D

%"$H()"+#,-."$[bb[$ LUWYB/$gffcP/$*$,#(*$ '()$.(#.*$5($[]/e$)&1_C(%$5($

_*?&'*3'(%/$%(35"$]/^$)&1_C(%$3*$8"3*$#<#*1/$.")$5(3%&5*5($5()"+#,-.*$

5($gf$_*?;�)�6$U%'"$#(!#(%(3'*$Zg|$5*$!"!<1*9:"$5"$O"#5(%'(/$"</$*&35*/$

[[|$5*$!"!<1*9:"$?#*%&1(&#*6

r$Y"4(#3"$?#*%&1(&#"$*5"'"</$(3':"/$<)$!*5#:"$5($!#(5&%!"%&9:"$

"<$%<%.(A?&1&5*5($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$=<($4*#&*$(3'#($,#(*%$."3%&5(#*5*%$5($

(1(4*5"/$)"5(#*5"$($?*&o"$#&%."%$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$."32"#)($*$.1*%%($5($

+#*35(8*$5"$w35&.($5($S#&5(8$($"%$!#".(%%"%$*3'#i!&."%$5($5(+#*5*9:"$5*$

'(##*$3"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"$?#*%&1(&#"6

r$hhS$LWQSdUI/$gffcP$."3%&5(#*$=<($y"$!#".(%%"$5*$5(%(#A-.*D

9:"$3*$#(+&:"$%()&D,#&5*$?#*%&1(&#*$4()$.")!#")('(35"$5($2"#)*$�)<&D

'"$+#*4(q$<)*$,#(*$5($b]6ebe$�)�$($5($2"#)*$�+#*4(q$,#(*$(=<&4*1(3'($*$

][6]\f$�)�/$'"'*1&8*35"$[][6fff$�)�/$.")$*$+(#*9:"$5($&)!*.'"%$5&2<%"%$

($."3.(3'#*5"%$%"?#($"$'(##&'i#&"z6

G*#*$ &1<%'#*#$"$!#"?1()*/$"$ UWShS$LgffcP$(1*?"#"<$<)$)*!*$5($

"."##`3.&*$5($,#(*%$5(%(#A-.*5*%/$"35($.1*%%&-.*$*%$,#(*%$y)"5(#*5*%z/$

y+#*4(z$($y)<&'"$+#*4(z/$.")$OJ.1("%$5($H(%(#A-.*9:"z/$."32"#)($)"%D

'#*$ *$ M&+<#*$ [6$ d(+<35"$"$hhS$ LWQSdUI/$ gffcP/$ "%$ 3J.1("%$ 5($ 5(%(#AD

-.*9:"$ %:"$ ,#(*%$ 1&)&'*5*%$ "35($ "%$ 5*3"%$ %:"$ 5($ !#"2<35*$ +#*4&5*5(/$

&5(3A-.*35"D%($ =<*'#"$ 3J.1("%$ !#&3.&!*&%/$ "35($ '*&%$ !#".(%%"%$ !"5()$


%(#$ ."3%&5(#*5"%$ (o'#()*)(3'($ +#*4(%6$ d:"$ (1(%T$Y&1?<@%;GU/$ U#*<9<?*;

VB/$d(#&5i;QO$($V*?#"?i;GB/$'"'*1&8*35"$.(#.*$5($[e6fff$�)�6

S)!1&*35"$(%%*$4(#'(3'($ &3'(#3*.&"3*1$=<($."3.(&'<*$*$5(%(#A-D

.*9:"$(3=<*3'"$2(3k)(3"$*3'#i!&."/$*$^*6$V"34(39:"$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&D

5*%$5($V")?*'($*$H(%(#A-.*9:"$($d(.*/$#(*1&8*5*$()$n*4*3*/$V<?*/$()$

setembro de 2003, constatou que “o processo de degradação do solo e

#(5<9:"$5($ %<*$ ."?(#'<#*$ 4(+('*1$ !#"4".*$!#(><F8"%$ 5($Rd}$Zg$?&1_C(%$

!"#$*3"$()$'"5"$"$)<35"$($*2('*$5&#('*)(3'($)*&%$5($gef$)&1_C(%$5($

!(%%"*%z$LM"1_*$r3I&3(/$gffcP6

M&+<#*$[$a$h*!*$5($r."##`3.&*$5($H(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$W#*%&16

M"3'(T$UWShS/$gffc6

S$&)!#(3%*$4()$#(+&%'#*35"$."3A3<*)(3'($"$%"2#&)(3'"$5*%$."D

)<3&5*5(%$%(#'*3(>*%$*A3+&5*%$!(1"$!#"?1()*$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$($5*$%(.*$

($%<*%$>,$."3_(.&5*%$."3%(={`3.&*%T$!"?#(8*/$)&%@#&*/$5(%3<'#&9:"/$)"#D

'*1&5*5($&32*3A1$(1(4*5*$($`o"5"$#<#*1/$5(3'#($"<'#*%6$H($2*'"/$*"$1"3+"$5"$

'()!"/$*$)F5&*$4()$(3.*#*35"$*$=<(%':"$.")"$<)*$2*'*1&5*5($+("+#,-D

.*/$=<*35"$3*$4(#5*5($<)$."3><3'"$.*5*$4(8$)*&"#$5($'#*?*1_"%$.&(3lD


-."%$(4&5(3.&*$%<?%'*3.&*1)(3'($*%$*9C(%$!#(5*'i#&*%$5"$_")()$%"?#($

"$)(&"$*)?&(3'($.")"$<)$2*'"#$!#&)"#5&*1$3"$*+#*4*)(3'"$5*$%&'<*9:"$

%i.&"D(."3k)&.*$LdSVnd/$gfffP6

j#*'*D%($ 5($ <)$ %@#&"$ ($ .#(%.(3'($ !#"?1()*$ 5($ ~)?&'"$)<35&*1/$

"35($"$W#*%&1$(%',$%".&*1/$(."3k)&."/$.<1'<#*1$($*)?&(3'*1)(3'($&3%(#&5"/$

.*?(35"$<)$!*!(1$!#&)"#5&*1$*"$?&3k)&"$yV&`3.&*$�$j(.3"1"+&*z$3"$%(3D

A5"$5($!#"4(#$"%$&3%'#<)(3'"%/$'@.3&.*%/$5*5"%$($!#".(5&)(3'"%$*5(=<*D

5"%$ ($3(.(%%,#&"%$ E$ &5(3A-.*9:"/$ 1".*1&8*9:"/$ =<*3A-.*9:"$($ *4*1&*9:"$

5*%$*9C(%$($#(%<1'*5"%$5*%$!"1FA.*%$!J?1&.*%$5($.")?*'($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$

'*3'"$3"$W#*%&1/$.")"$3"$)<35"/$(%!(#*35"D%($<)*$."3'#&?<&9:"$%&+3&-D

.*A4*$5*%$j(.3"1"+&*%$5*$Y("&32"#)*9:"$*"$!(#)&A#$<)*$*3,1&%($(%!*.&*1$

do problema.

676-8#-/5!/'(!+$"#-!"-!"#"$%&'()*+

H('(#)&3*#$.")$!#(.&%:"$=<*&%$%:"$"%$&35&.*5"#(%$5($5(%(#A-.*D

9:"$3:"$@$<)*$'*#(2*$2,.&1/$5(4&5"/$!"#$<)$1*5"/$E$2*1'*$5($."3%(3%"$(3'#($

"%$!(%=<&%*5"#(%$3"$~)?&'"$)<35&*1$(/$!"#$"<'#"/$E%$5&4(#%*%$!*#A.<1*D

#&5*5(%$#(+&"3*&%6$r$*%%<3'"/$!"#@)/$#(4(%'(D%($5($ 2<35*)(3'*1$ &)!"#D

'~3.&*/$!"&%$"%$.#&'@#&"%$*5"'*5"%$%(#:"$!#&)"#5&*&%$3*$5(1&)&'*9:"$5*%$#(D

+&C(%$5(%(#A-.*5*%$(/$."3%(=<(3'()(3'(/$3"$(%'*?(1(.&)(3'"$5($*9C(%$

=<($5*#:"$%<!"#'($E%$)(5&5*%$5($!#(4(39:"/$#(*?&1&'*9:"$($#(.<!(#*9:"$

5*%$ ,#(*%$ 5(+#*5*5*%/$ !"#$ !*#'($ 5"$!"5(#$ !J?1&."$ ($ 5*$ %".&(5*5($ .&4&1$

"#+*3&8*5*/$*1@)$5($5(-3&#$*$!#&"#&5*5($+("+#,-.*$5($)*&"#$<#+`3.&*$5($

&3'(#4(39:"$3"$.")?*'($E$5(%(#A-.*9:"6

r$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$!"5($%(#$.*#*.'(#&8*5"$.")"$<)$.&D

.1"$4&.&"%"/$"35($y%<*%$.*<%*%$'*)?@)$%:"$%(<%$(2(&'"%z$LSQS�Nr$('$*11&/$

gffgP6$r$ 2(3k)(3"$%($ &3&.&*$ .")$*$5(+#*5*9:"$.#(%.(3'($5*$."?(#'<#*$

4(+('*1$!*#*$%<!#&#/$(%%(3.&*1)(3'(/$5()*35*%$(3@#+&.*%$L.*#4:"$4(+('*1P$

5*$!"!<1*9:"$"<$*?(#'<#*%$5($3"4*%$,#(*%$!*#*$!*%'*+()6$S$!*#A#$5(%'($

&3F.&"/$ .")$"$.<#'"$ #(+&)($5($._<4*%$ &##(+<1*#(%$($ '"##(3.&*&%$l!&."$5"$

%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"/$.")(9*$*$(#"%:"$3*%$,#(*%$*A3+&5*%/$=<($!"#$%<*$

4(8$.*<%*$*$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$.*!*.&5*5($5($#('(39:"$5($,+<*$!(1"%$%"1"%$($*$

."3%(={(3'($#(5<9:"$5($?&")*%%*/$<)*$4(8$=<($)(3"#(%$*!"#'(%$5($)*D

'@#&*$"#+~3&.*$._(+*)$*"$%"1"6$O"$!#".(%%"/$*$4(+('*9:"$%($'"#3*$.*5*$4(8$

gZ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

)*&%$#*1*$($!"?#($()$?&"5&4(#%&5*5($($!"#'(/$2*4"#(.(35"$*$#*5&*9:"$%"1*#$

=<(/$!"#$%<*$4(8/$5&%%(.*$*&35*$)*&%$"$%"1"$($*.(1(#*$*$(#"%:"/$*<)(3'*3D

5"$*$*#&5(8/$($$#('#"*1&)(3'*35"$<)$!#".(%%"$5($y%&)!1&-.*9:"$(."1i+&.*/$

"35($*$*9:"$5"$_")()$'()$A5"$!*!(1$2<35*)(3'*1z6

H('*1_*35"$%<*%$.*<%*%/$"$UWShS$LgffcP$1&%'*$"%$!#&3.&!*&%$*+(3'(%$

."3%&5(#*5"%$5(%(3.*5(*5"#(%$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"T

�$Bo!*3%:"$($&3'(3%&-.*9:"$5($<%"$*+#F."1*$%"?#($'(##*%$%(.*%/$3:"$

respeitando sua capacidade de suporte;

�$Q(5<9:"$5"%$!(#F"5"%$5($!"<%&"$5"%$.*)!"%$5($.<1A4"$"<$!*%D

'*+()/$3:"$*'(35(35"$"$'()!"$3(.(%%,#&"$E$%<*$#(.")!"%&9:"m

�$RA1&8*9:"$5($'@.3&.*%$5($&##&+*9:"$)*1$5&)(3%&"3*5*%/$3:"$5&%D

!"35"$5($*5(=<*5"$ %&%'()*$5($5#(3*+()$"<$?*%(*35"D%($3*$

<A1&8*9:"$5($,+<*%$5($=<*1&5*5($5<4&5"%*m

�$ U3'(3%*$."1('*$"<$."#'($5($!1*3'*%$!*#*$*1&)(3'"%/$-3%$)(5&.&D

3*&%/$(3(#+@A."%/$5($."3%'#<9:"$.&4&1$"<$*%%()(1_*5"%/$#(5<8&3D

5"$"$)*'(#&*1$+(3@A."m

�$ H(%)*'*)(3'"$ &35&%.#&)&3*5"/$ (%!(.&*1)(3'($ *A3+&35"$ +#*3D

5(%$(o'(3%C(%/$(3."%'*%/$3*%.(3'(%/$,#(*%$5($%"1"$&3.&!&(3'($"<$

pobre;

�$ x<(&)*5*%/$ &)!1()(3'*5*%$ !(#&i5&.*$ ($ %&%'()*A.*)(3'($ 5(D

%*%%".&*5*%$E$<A1&8*9:"$5($'@.3&.*%$5($)*3(>"$"<$."3'#"1(m

�$d"?#(!*%'"#(&"/$&+3"#*35"$*$.*!*.&5*5($5($%<!"#'($5"$*)?&(3'(m

�$h&3(#*9:"/$#(*1&8*5*$E$!*#'($5($<)$%&%'()*$5($)*3(>"$($#(.<!(D

ração dos recursos;

�$M*1'*$5($!"1FA.*%$5($<%"$5*$'(##*/$!*#*$!#".(5(#$*"$8"3(*)(3'"$

das áreas e disciplinar o uso e ocupação dos solos;

�$B1(4*5*%$."3.(3'#*9C(%$!"!<1*.&"3*&%$"<$#(!(3A3"%$*�<o"%$)&D

+#*'i#&"%/$%"?#(.*##(+*35"$"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%m

�$M*1'*$5($*><%'(%$5*%$*A4&5*5(%$*3'#i!&.*%$E%$3*'<#*&%$�<'<*9C(%$

do ambiente;

�$M"#9*%$&3'(#3*.&"3*&%$=<($(%A)<1*)$*$%<!(#(o!1"#*9:"$5"%$#(D

cursos; entre outros.

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ge

G"#$%<*$4(8/$."3%&5(#*35"$"%$*%!(.'"%$.1&),A."%/$_&5#"+("1i+&."%/$

)"#2"5&3~)&."%/$ (5,-."%/$ -'"+(3@A."%/$ 8""+(3@A."%$ ($ *3'#i!&."%/$ #(D

%<1'*)$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$*%$%(+<&3'(%$."3%(={`3.&*%$LUWShS/$gffcPT

�$Q(5<9:"$5*$!#(.&!&'*9:"$*')"%2@#&.*$($5"$(!&%i5&."$2"#3(.&)(3D

to de água ao solo;

�$Q(5<9:"$5($#(%(#4*%$_F5#&.*%m

�$B1(4*9:"$5"$1(39"1$2#(,A."m

�$h<5*39*%$3"$)*.#"$($)&.#".1&)*m

�$S<)(3'"$5*$*#&5(8m

�$d*1&3&8*9:"$5"%$%"1"%$($5"%$#(.<#%"%$_F5#&."%m

�$Bo!"%&9:"$5"%$%"1"%m

�$V")!*.'*9:"$5"%$%"1"%m

�$U)!(#)(*?&1&8*9:"$5"%$%"1"%m

�$S.J)<1"$5($%<?%'~3.&*%$'io&.*%$3"%$%"1"%m

�$d<#+&)(3'"$($)"4&)(3'*9:"$5($5<3*%m

�$SA4&5*5($($*.(1(#*9:"$5($!#".(%%"%$5($(#"%:"$_F5#&.*$($(i1&.*m

�$G(#5*$5($3<'#&(3'(%$($)&.#""#+*3&%)"%$5"$%"1"m

�$h<5*39*%$3"$!*5#:"$5($5#(3*+()m

�$ S%%"#(*)(3'"$ 5($ #&"%/$ #(%(#4*'i#&"%/$ ,#(*%$ J)&5*%$ ($ %&%'()*%$

marinhos;

�$h<5*39*%$3*$.")!"%&9:"$5*$4(+('*9:"m

�$Q(5<9:"$5*%$!"!<1*9C(%m

�$Q&%."$E$(oA39:"$5($(%!@.&(%m

�$Q(5<9:"$5*$?&"5&4(#%&5*5($L4(+('*1/$*3&)*1$($5*$!*&%*+()Pm

�$V"1"3&8*9:"$!"#$&34*%"#*%m

�$Q(5<9:"$5*$4&*?&1&5*5($5($(3(#+@A."%$�"#(%'*&%m

�$H(%*!*#(.&)(3'"$5*$2*<3*$3*A4*m

�$Q(5<9:"$5*$4&*?&1&5*5($5($)*'(#&*&%$3*'<#*&%$5($<%"$"<$&)!"#D

'~3.&*$.<1'<#*1m

�$G(#5*$5($#(?*3_"%m

�$G(#5*$5($!#"5<A4&5*5($*+#F."1*m

�$U)!"#'*9:"$5($!#"5<'"%$?,%&."%m

�$h<5*39*%$3"%$%&%'()*%$5($!#"5<9:"m

�$B)!"?#(.&)(3'"$5*$!"!<1*9:"m

g^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

�$H(%(%'#<'<#*9:"$5*$%".&(5*5(m

�$S?*35"3"$5($'(##*%m

�$�o"5"$#<#*1m

�$G(#5*$5"$."3_(.&)(3'"$'#*5&.&"3*1$5*%$,#(*%$*?*35"3*5*%m

�$M")(3'"$5*$&3%'*?&1&5*5($!"1FA.*$3*$#(+&:"m

�$Q(5<9:"$5*%$."35&9C(%$5($%*J5(m

�$B)&+#*9:"m

�$S<)(3'"$5*%$'(3%C(%$%".&*&%$()$,#(*%$#(.(!'*5"#*%$5($)&+#*3D

tes;

�$V#&*9:"$5($?"1%C(%$5($!"?#(8*m

�$S<)(3'"$5*$5(!(35`3.&*$5($?(3(0.&"%$5"$B%'*5"m$(3'#($&3J)(D

ros outros.

7SdVrOVBIrd$drWQUOnr$L[b\]P$2"#)<1"<$*%$!#&)(&#*%$'(3'*A4*%$

.&(3l-.*%$3"$W#*%&1$5($5('(#)&3*#$&35&.*5"#(%$!*#*$"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(D

%(#A-.*9:"/$*"$5(2(35(#$=<($y*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$@$<)$2(3k)(3"$5($%&%'(D

)*%$3"$=<*1$&3'(#4`)$"$.1&)*/$"%$%"1"%/$*$�"#*/$*$2*<3*$($"$_")()z/$%(3D

5"$.*<%*5*$!(1*$2#*+&1&5*5($5"%$(."%%&%'()*%$2#(3'($E$!#(%%:"$(o.(%%&4*$

(o(#.&5*$ !(1*%$ !"!<1*9C(%$ _<)*3*%$ "<$ E%$ 4(8(%$ !(1*$ 2*<3*$ *<'i.'"3(/$

!(#5(35"$!#"5<A4&5*5($($.*!*.&5*5($5($#(.<!(#*9:"$*<'k3")*6

Em 1991 FERREIRA et alli$L[bbZP$%<+(#&#*)$[b$&35&.*5"#(%$5($5(D

%(#A-.*9:"/$*$!*#A#$5*%$!#"!"%&9C(%$5($QrHQUYRBd$('$*11&$ L[bbgP$2(&'*%$

()$[b]g/$?*%(*35"D%($3"$.#&'@#&"$5($y!#(%(39*;*<%`3.&*z$*"$3F4(1$5($)&D

.#"##(+&:"6$d(+<35"$SQS�Nr$('$*11&$LgffgP/$(%'*$2"#)*$5($*3,1&%($y1&3(*#&D

8"<$"$(2(&'"$5"%$&35&.*5"#(%/$5(%."3%&5(#*35"$%(<%$!(%"%$($%<*%$.1*%%(%$

5($ &3'(3%&5*5($ "<$ 2#(={`3.&*z/$ !"&%$ )<&'"%$ &35&.*5"#(%$ *!#(%(3'*4*)$

*)?&4*1`3.&*/$ %"?#(!"%&9:"$ (;"<$ &3'(#*9:"/$ .")!#")('(35"$ "$)"5(1"$

defendido pelos autores. Ao basear a análise em dados censitários e biD

?1&"+#,-."%/$"$)"5(1"$5(&o"<$*$5(%(>*#$!(1*$*<%`3.&*$5($5*5"%$5($.*)!"$

=<($(4&5(3.&*%%()$*$5&3~)&.*$5"%$&35&.*5"#(%6

Outra questão falha na determinação destes indicadores de deD

%(#A-.*9:"/$ '*)?@)$(4&5(3.&*5*$!"#$dShGSUr$�$dShGSUr$ LgffgP/$5&8$

#(%!(&'"$E$(%.*1*$5"%$5*5"%/$)<&'*%$4(8(%$#(%'#&'"%$*$)&.#"##(+&C(%$."3D

%&5(#*5*%$y_")"+`3(*%z/$=<*35"/$3*$4(#5*5(/$*%$'(35`3.&*%$5($.")!"#D

'*)(3'"$ (%!*.&*1$ 5"%$ 5*5"%$ %:"$ 5(%!#(8*5*%/$)(%)"$ ."3%&5(#*35"D%($

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$g\

.")"$<3&5*5($*5)&3&%'#*A4*$5($'#*?*1_"$"$)<3&.F!&"6$S%%&)/$*$!#(.&%:"$

5*$*3,1&%($.*&/$!"&%$.")"$1".*1&8*#$*=<(1(%$5*5"%$=<($3:"$%(+<()$2#"3D

'(&#*%$!"1FA.*%/$.")"/$!"#$(o()!1"/$"$5(%)*'*)(3'"�[email protected]&.*%$5($G#"D

cessamento Digital de Imagens em Sensoriamento Remoto esclarecem a

=<(%':"$*"$!(#)&A#/$!"#$(o()!1"/$"$#(+&%'#"$5*$(3(#+&*$(1('#")*+3@A.*$

#(�(A5*$!(1"%$*14"%$'(##(%'#(%$()$#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$.")!*l4(1$.")$*%$

escalas desejadas.

V")$"$!#"!i%&'"$5($<3&2"#)&8*#$"%$!#".(5&)(3'"%$5($ &5(3A-.*D

9:"$($)"3&'"#*)(3'"$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$hSjSIIr$L[bbbP$

!#"!k%$<)*$(o'(3%*$($.#&'(#&"%*$)('"5"1"+&*$=<($*+#<!*$"%$&35&.*5"#(%$

()$5"&%$+#*35(%$+#<!"%T$d&'<*9:"$($H(%(#A-.*9:"6$B%'*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$#(D

presenta um marco referencial de consenso entre os pesquisadores da

atualidade.

Como Indicadores de Situação, estão agrupados aqueles indicadoD

#(%$4"1'*5"%$*"%$5*5"%$%".&*&%/$(."3k)&."%$($.1&),A."%6$R)*$4(8$=<($"$

*3'#"!&%)"$@$5('(#)&3*3'($!*#*$*$5(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1/$"%$5*5"%$%i.&"D

(."3k)&."%$.*#*.'(#&8*#&*)$,#(*%$5($#&%."$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$*%%&)$.")"$

"%$ &35&.*5"#(%$ 5($ !#(.&!&'*9:"/$ &3%"1*9:"$ ($ (4*!"D'#*3%!&#*9:"$ a$ '"5"%$

constantemente monitorados segundo métodos adequados. No outro

+#<!"/$.")"$U35&.*5"#(%$5($H(%(#A-.*9:"$!#"!#&*)(3'($5&'"%/$(%'*#&*)$

"%$&35&.*5"#(%$*)?&(3'*&%T$F35&.(%$5($4(+('*9:"/$%"1"%$($#(.<#%"%$_F5#&."%6$

d(+<35"$"$*<'"#/$"%$&35&.*5"#(%$5(4()$%(#$<%*5"%$()$.")?&3*9:"/$y!"&%$

3(3_<)$5(1(%$!"5(/$%"8&3_"/$!#"4(#$*%$ &32"#)*9C(%$3(.(%%,#&*%$!*#*$"$

5&*+3i%A."$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"z$LhSjSIIr/$[bbbP6$S!#((35(D%($5(%'($)"D

5(1"$*$.")!1(o&5*5($(/$)*&%$=<($*$)<1A5&%.&!1&3*#&5*5(/$<)*$'#*3%5&%.&D

!1&3*#&5*5($5"$(%'<5"$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"6$d:"$3(.(%%,#&"%$

5&4(#%"%$(%'<5"%$#(+&"3*&%$($1".*&%/$()$(%.*1*%$*!#"!#&*5*%$($.")!*l4(&%/$

1(4*35"D%($()$."3%&5(#*9:"$*$+#*35($5&4(#%&5*5($5"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&D

ro. Neste contexto, MATALLO (1999) concluiu que “o sistema de indicaD

5"#(%$(o&%'(3'(%/$*&35*$=<($ &3%<-.&(3'(%$($3(.(%%&'*35"$5($5(%(34"14&D

)(3'"%/$%:"$"%$J3&."%$&3%'#<)(3'"%$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$*$.")!#((3%:"$5"$

!#"?1()*z6

7USOS$�$QrHQUYRBd$L[bbbP$!#"!<%(#*)$<)$yw35&.($U3'(#5&%.&!1&D

3*#$5($G#"!(3%:"$E$H(%(#A-.*9:"z/$."3%'#<&35"$<)*$)*'#&8$5($4*#&,4(&%$

3*'<#*&%/$*+#F."1*%/$(."3k)&.*%/$5()"+#,-.*%$($%".*&%/$5&#('*)(3'($#(1*D

g] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

.&"3*5*%$.")$"$2(3k)(3"6$S!1&.*35"$<)$)"5(1"$(%'*l%A."$)<1A4*#&*D

5"/$"%$*<'"#(%$(1*?"#*#*)$<)$F35&.($!*#*$5('(.9:"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$

V(*#,/$?*%(*5"$3"%$&35&.*5"#(%$!#"!"%'"%$!(1*$V"34(39:"$%"?#($H(%(#D

A-.*9:"$5*$rOR6$RA1&8*#*)$<)*$2"#)<1*9:"$)*'(),A.*$2<35*)(3'*5*$

()$^e$4*#&,4(&%$=<($#(!#(%(3'*%%()$!#"!(3%:"$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"6$B3'#(D

'*3'"/$5(4&5"$E$(%.*1*$5"$!#"?1()*$3*$4*%'*$#(+&:"$()$(%'<5"/$"$)@'"D

5"$5(&o*$5($"?%(#4*#$*%$4*#&*9C(%$(%!*.&*&%$)(3.&"3*5*%$!"#$dShGSUr$

�$dShGSUr$LgffgP/$*"$."3%&5(#*#$*$<3&5*5($5($!(%=<&%*$!"#$)<3&.F!&"/$

excluindo, por exemplo, as possibilidades de dados espectrais e temporais

oriundos das imagens orbitais.

G(1*%$2*.&1&5*5(%$5($S3,1&%($B%!*.&*1$.")$5*5"%$*54&35"%$5($&)*D

+(3%$5($%*'@1&'(/$SVVUrI�$('$*11&$Lgff[P$*-#)*)$=<($y<)$5"%$&35&.*5"#(%$

5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$@$*$#(5<9:"$5*$."?(#'<#*$5($!1*3'*%$!(#(3(%z/$*1&*5"$E$

5(+#*5*9:"$5"%$%"1"%$()$,#(*%$.")$)(3"#$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*16$d(+<35"$"%$

*<'"#(%/$(%'*%$5<*%$."35&9C(%$!#"4".*)$"$*<)(3'"$5"$*1?(5"$5*%$%<!(#D

0.&(%$%<>(&'*%$E$5(+#*5*9:"6

Portanto, no contexto desta pesquisa, referente aos indicadores de

5(%(#A-.*9:"/$"?%(#4"<D%($=<(T

*P$"$."3%(3%"$5*%$#(2(#`3.&*%$?&?1&"+#,-.*%$&35&.*$*%$#(*&%$!"%%&?&D

1&5*5(%$5($(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$!(#A3(3'(%$E$5('(.9:"$5($

!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$*'#*4@%$5($&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'(m

?P$*$.")!1(o&5*5($5"%$&35&.*5"#(%$!#"!"%'"%$($*%$#(*&%$."35&9C(%$

5($*=<&%&9:"$5($5*5"%$3"$~)?&'"$5($<)*$!(%=<&%*$*.*5`)&.*$

3"$W#*%&1$3:"$!(#)&'()$<)*$*?#*3+`3.&*$<3&4(#%*1$5"%$&35&.*D

dores propostos;

.P$<)*$.")?&3*9:"$5($ &35&.*5"#(%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$!"5($'#*8(#$

<)*$4*1&"%*$."3'#&?<&9:"$E$!(%=<&%*$.&(3l-.*$3*$#(+&:"$()$(%D

'<5"/$*$!*#A#$5*$)*3&!<1*9:"$($*3,1&%($5"%$5*5"%$5&%!"3F4(&%$($

%&+3&-.*A4"%$!*#*$*$(%.*1*$($,#(*$5($(%'<5"$!#"!"%'*m

5P$ *$ <#+`3.&*$ =<($ "$ !#"?1()*$ #(=<(#$ 2#(3'($ *"%$ 3"4"%$ 5(%*-"%$

para a sociedade brasileira, especialmente no campo do desenD

4"14&)(3'"$ %<%'(3',4(1/$ ><%A-.*)$ *$ *=<&%&9:"/$ )"5(1*+()$ ($

'#*'*)(3'"$5"%$5*5"%$5"$)*&"#$3J)(#"$!"%%F4(1$5"%$&35&.*5"D

res propostos pelos autores.

29

R)*$4(8$=<($"%$%"1"%$!#(5")&3*3'(%$3*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"$'`)$.*D

#*.'(#F%A.*%$%()(1_*3'(%$=<*3'"$E$2#*+&1&5*5($L(#"%:"P$($5(-.&`3.&*$()$

)*'@#&*$ "#+~3&.*$ LdRHBOB/$ [b\em$ BhWQSGS/$ [bbbP/$ ."3%&5(#"<D%($ !*#*$

*$5('(.9:"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"$"%$%(+<&3'(%$&35&.*5"#(%/$

5*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$!#"!"%'*$!"#$hSjSIIr$L[bbbP$($=<($%:"$(%%(3.&*&%$E$.")D

!#((3%:"$5"$2(3k)(3"$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+iT

*P$U35&.*5"#(%$5($d&'<*9:"T

�$G#(.&!&'*9:"$G1<4&")@'#&.*

?P$U35&.*5"#(%$5($H(%(#A-.*9:"T

�$V"?(#'<#*$7(+('*1

�$B%'#*A-.*9:"$5*$7(+('*9:"

�$R%"$5"$d"1"$S+#F."1*

�$H(3%&5*5($H()"+#,-.*

31

3. O SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO E OS SISTEMAS

HB$UOMrQhStur$YBrYQsMUVS$Or

hrOUjrQShBOjr$ShWUBOjSI

3.1 O Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) na detecção de áreas de-gradadas

c6[6[$G#&3.F!&"%$5"$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"

O Sensoriamento Remoto trata da aquisição de dados de um obD

>('"$"<$.(3*$!"#$<)$%(3%"#$=<($(%',$5&%'*3'($5"%$*14"%$LVrIpBII/$[b]cP6$

M"'"+#*-*%$*@#(*%/$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'($($5($#*5*#$%:"$(o()!1"%$5($!#"5<D

'"%$+(#*5"%$*$!*#A#$5($5&%!"%&A4"%$#()"'*)(3'($%(3%"#&*5"%6

r%$ %(3%"#(%$ <A1&8*5"%$ ()$ d(3%"#&*)(3'"$ Q()"'"$ ?*%&.*)(3'($

#(+&%'#*)$*$#*5&*9:"$(1('#")*+3@A.*$a$<)*$(3(#+&*$'#*3%)&A5*$!(1"$(%D

!*9"$3*$2"#)*$5($"35*%$(1@'#&.*%$($)*+3@A.*%$LdjSQ$�$BdjBd/$[bbfP6$NBOD

dBO$L[bbbP$*-#)*$=<($"%$%(3%"#(%$#()"'"%$%:"$2(&'"%$!"#$5('(.'"#(%$=<($

#(+&%'#*)$.")!#&)(3'"%$5($"35*$(%!(.F-."%$3"$(%!(.'#"$(1('#")*+3@AD

."6$B%'($(%!(.'#"$*?#*3+($"$&3'(#4*1"$5($#*5&*9:"$(1('#")*+3@A.*$=<($4*&$

5(%5($*%$"35*%$.i%)&.*%/$*'@$*%$"35*%$5($#,5&"6

S$5&2(#(39*$3"$.")!#&)(3'"$5($"35*$5*$(3(#+&*$(1('#")*+3@A.*$

(%',$5&#('*)(3'($#(1*.&"3*5*$.")$*$=<*3A5*5($5($(3(#+&*$=<($*$"35*$

.*##(+*/$5&2(#(3.&*35"/$*%%&)/$*%$2"#)*%$5($#*5&*9:"$L#(�(A5*$($()&A5*$

a$"<$'(#)*1P/$!"5(35"D%($*-#)*#$=<($=<*3'"$)(3"#$"$.")!#&)(3'"$5($

"35*$5*$#*5&*9:"/$)*&"#$@$*$%<*$(3(#+&*$LOr7r/$[b]bP6

Segundo MOREIRA (2003), “para o sensoriamento remoto, a enerD

+&*$%"1*#$@$*$?*%($5($'"5"%$"%$!#&3.F!&"%$()$=<($%($2<35*)(3'*$(%%*$'(.D

3"1"+&*z/$!"&%$)(%)"$"%$%(3%"#(%$*A4"%/$.")"$"%$#*5*#(%/$3(.(%%&'*)$5*$

#*5&*9:"$%"1*#$!*#*$)*3'(#$%<*%$#(%(#4*%$5($(3(#+&*/$3(.(%%,#&*%$*"$2<3D


.&"3*)(3'"$5"%$(=<&!*)(3'"%$($!(#)*3`3.&*$()$i#?&'*$5*$j(##*6$yx<*3D

5"$"$d"1$@$<A1&8*5"$.")"$2"3'($5($(3(#+&*/$()$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"/$

"$=<($%($)(5($@$*$(3(#+&*$#(�(A5*$!(1"%$5&4(#%"%$"?>('"%$5*$%<!(#0.&($

'(##(%'#(z$LUOGB/$gff[P6

r$!#".(%%"$5($2<%:"$3<.1(*#$=<($"."##($3*$8"3*$#*5&"*A4*$5"$d"1$

!#"5<8$4,#&*%$#*5&*9C(%$(1('#")*+3@A.*%/$.")$5&2(#(3'(%$.")!#&)(3'"%$

5($"35*$."3A5"%$3"$&3'(#4*1"$(3'#($f/c$*$Z/f$�)/$%(35"$!"#$(%'*$#*8:"$5(D

3")&3*5*%$5($"35*%$.<#'*%6$G"#$"<'#"$1*5"/$*%$y#*5&*9C(%$!#"5<8&5*%$!(1*$

emissão de energia da Terra são chamadas de ondas longas. Alem disso,

"$d"1$()&'($#*5&*9C(%$(1('#")*+3@A.*%$.")$5&2(#(3'(%$ &3'(3%&5*5(%$#*D

5&*3'(%/$($*%$5($)*&"#(%$&3'(3%&5*5(%$1".*1&8*)D%($3*$#(+&:"$5"$4&%F4(1$($

5"$&32#*4(#)(1_"$!#io&)"z$LhrQBUQS/$gffcP/$"35($*$)*&"#&*$5*%$*A4&5*D

5(%$()$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$@$5(%(34"14&5*6$r<'#*%$#(+&C(%/$"<$2*&o*%$

.")!C()$"$(%!(.'#"$(1('#")*+3@A."/$5($*."#5"$.")$%<*%$.*#*.'(#F%A.*%$

0%&.*%$5($5('(.9:"$5($(3(#+&*$LNBOdBO/$[bbbP6

r%$%(3%"#(%$%:"$(=<&!*)(3'"%$2"#)*5"%$!"#$%&%'()*%$2"'"+#,-."%$

"<$i!A."D(1('#k3&."%$<A1&8*5"%$!*#*$*$."1('*$5*$(3(#+&*$(1('#")*+3@A.*$

#(�(A5*$"<$()&A5*$!(1"%$*14"%$'(##(%'#(%/$."34(#'(35"D*$()$%&3*1$!*%D

%F4(1$ 5($ %(#$ #(+&%'#*5"$!*#*$ <)*$!"%'(#&"#$ (o'#*9:"$5($ &32"#)*9C(%$ 5"$

*)?&(3'($LOr7r/$[b]bP6$r$UOGB$Lgff[P$*-#)*$=<($"%$(1()(3'"%$?,%&."%$

5*$2*%($5($*=<&%&9:"$5($5*5"%$!(1"%$%(3%"#(%$%:"T$y(3(#+&*$#*5&*3'(/$2"3'($

5($#*5&*9:"/$"?>('"$L*14"P/$'#*>('i#&*$($%(3%"#$L%&%'()*$5($&)*+(*)(3'"$

i!A."$($5('(.'"#Pz6

r$.&.1"$'"'*1$5"$!#".(%%"$(34"14($%&)<1'*3(*)(3'($*$()&%%:"/$*?D

%"#9:"/$#(�(o:"$($'#*3%)&%%:"$5*$(3(#+&*$(1('#")*+3@A.*6$O(%'($!#".(%D

%"/$*$*')"%2(#*$&3'(#*+($.")$*$#*5&*9:"$%"1*#/$&3'(#2(#&35"$3*$(3(#+&*$-3*1$

registrada pelo sensor (FLORENZANO, 2002). De fato, segundo MOREIRA

(2003), para o Sensoriamento Remoto, “o estudo da atmosfera terrestre

.")"$<)$'"5"$@$2<35*)(3'*1/$!"#=<($."3%A'<&$<)$)(&"$3*'<#*1$=<($&3D

'(#2(#($'*3'"$3*$#*5&*9:"$&3.&5(3'($L&##*5&~3.&*P/$=<*3'"$3*$!*#'($5*$#*5&*D

9:"$=<($@$#(�(A5*$"<$()&A5*$L#*5&~3.&*P$!(1"%$*14"%$5*$%<!(#0.&($=<(/$

(4(3'<*1)(3'(/$%(#,$."1('*5*$!(1"%$%&%'()*%$%(3%"#(%z/$)*3&2(%'*35"D%($

3*$'#*>('i#&*$L2(3k)(3"%$5($#(2#*9:"$($5&2#*9:"P/$3*$4(1".&5*5($($*?%"#D

9:"$()$5('(#)&3*5*%$2*&o*%$5"$(%!(.'#"$(1('#")*+3@A."6$S"$*'#*4(%%*#$*$

*')"%2(#*$'(##(%'#($($._(+*#$E$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#(/$*$#*5&*9:"$%"1*#$@$2"#D


'()(3'($*'(3<*5*$!(1*$y#(�(o:"/$(%!*1_*)(3'"$($*?%"#9:"$!(1"%$."3%AD

'<&3'(%$*')"%2@#&."%/$!"#$!*#l.<1*%$5&%!(#%*%$($3<4(3%z6

H(4&5"$E%$5&2(#(3'(%$!#"!#&(5*5(%$?&"D0%&."D=<F)&.*%/$'"5"%$"%$*1D

4"%$5*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#($L#"._*%/$."#!"%$5q,+<*/$4(+('*9:"/$('.6P$*?%"#D

4()$<)*$!"#9:"$(%!(.F-.*$5"$(%!(.'#"$(1('#")*+3@A."/$!(#)&A35"$<)*$

*%%&3*'<#*$&5(3A-.,4(1$5($#*5&*9:"$(1('#")*+3@A.*6$S%%&)/$."3_(.(35"$

=<*1$.")!#&)(3'"$5($"35*$@$*?%"#4&5"$!"#$<)$5('(#)&3*5"$*14"$($'*)D

?@)$=<*1$*$&3'(3%&5*5($5($%<*$#(�(.'~3.&*/$'"#3*D%($!"%%F4(1$*3*1&%*#$<)*$

&)*+()$5($d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$($"?'(#()D%($&3'(#!#('*9C(%$*.<#*5*%$

5($<)*$5('(#)&3*5*$.(3*$"#?&'*1$LdRUjd/$[b]cm$djSQ$�$BdjBd/$[bbfP6$B%%($

.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%$@$._*)*5"$5($y*%%&3*'<#*$(%!(.'#*1z/$

"<$ %(>*/$ <)$4*1"#$ (%!(.F-."$5($ #(�(.'~3.&*$ 5(3'#"$ 5"$ (%!(.'#"$ (1('#"D

)*+3@A."$LM&+<#*$gP/$!(#)&A35"$*"$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$5&%A3+<&#$"%$

5&4(#%"%$)*'(#&*&%$"<$*14"%$(3'#($%&6

M&+<#*$g$a$V<#4*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5($5&2(#(3'(%$*14"%6

M"3'(T$MIrQBO�SOr$LgffgP6

d(+<35"$Or7r$ L[b]bP/$ "%$ %(3%"#(%$ !"5()$ %(#$ .1*%%&-.*5"%$ ()$

!*%%&4"%$"<$*A4"%6$r%$%(3%"#(%$!*%%&4"%$5('(.'*)$*$#*5&*9:"$%"1*#$#(�(D

A5*$"<$*$#*5&*9:"$()&A5*$!(1"%$"?>('"%$5*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#(/$5(!(3D

dendo, portanto, “de uma fonte de radiação externa para que possam

cZ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

"!(#*#z/$ .")"/$ !"#$ (o()!1"/$ "%$ %&%'()*%$ 2"'"+#,-."%6$ G"#$ "<'#"$ 1*5"/$

"%$%(3%"#(%$*A4"%$!#"5<8()$%<*$!#i!#&*$#*5&*9:"/$.")"$"%$#*5*#(%/$!"#$

exemplo.

r<'#*$ .1*%%&-.*9:"$5&8$ #(%!(&'"$*"$A!"$5($!#"5<'"$+(#*5"$!(1"%$

%(3%"#(%$"#?&'*&%/$5&4&5&35"D%($()T

*P$ O:"D&)*+(*5"#(%T$ 3:"$ 2"#3(.()$ <)*$ &)*+()$ 5*$ %<!(#0.&($

%(3%"#&*5*m$.")"$(o()!1"/$"%$#*5&k)('#"%$L.")$%*F5*$()$5F+&D

'"%$"<$+#,-."%P$($"%$(%!(.'#"D#*5&k)('#"%$L<A1&8*5"%$!*#*$*%%&D

3*'<#*$(%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%Pm

?P$U)*+(*5"#(%T$2"#3(.()$&32"#)*9C(%$%"?#($*$4*#&*9:"$(%!*.&*1$

5*$ #(%!"%'*$ (%!(.'#*1$ 5*$ %<!(#0.&($ "?%(#4*5*$ L.(3*P/$ %(35"$

!"%%F4(1$+(#*#$&)*+(3%$5(%'*$%<!(#0.&(6$d<?5&4&5()D%($()T

(1) sistema de quadros (;.$*&PT$ *5=<&#()$ *$ &)*+()$5*$ .(3*$

em sua totalidade num mesmo instante, como, por exemplo, as

&)*+(3%$QW7$LReturn Beam VidiconP/$."1('*5*%$E$?"#5"$5"%$%*D

'@1&'(%$I*35dSj$[/$g$($c/$>,$5(%*A4*5"%m

LgP$%&%'()*$5($4*##(5<#*T

�$)(.~3&.*T$<A1&8*$<)$%&%'()*$i!A."$+#*35(D*3+<1*#/$"35($

*$.(3*$@$.*!'*5*$*'#*4@%$5($<)$*##*3>"$1&3(*#$5($5('(.D

tores ou elemento de resolução (pixelP/$E$)(5&5*$=<($*$

!1*'*2"#)*$%($1".")"4($*"$1"3+"$5*$i#?&'*/$%(35"$()$%(D

+<&5*$."34(#A5"$!*#*$<)$%&3*1$5&+&'*1$!*%%F4(1$5($'#*3%D

missão; são exemplos os sensores MSS (LandSAT 1, 2 e 3)

($jh$LI*35dSj$Z/$e$($\P6

�$(1('#k3&.*T$'()$"$)(%)"$!#&3.F!&"$5($2<3.&"3*)(3'"$5"$

*3'(#&"#/$!"#@)$<A1&8*35"$<)$%&%'()*$(1('#"Di!A."D(1(D

'#k3&."/$"35($"%$5*5"%$%:"$"#&+&3*5"%$5&+&'*1)(3'(m$%:"$

(o()!1"%$"%$%(3%"#(%$nQ7$LdGrj$Z$($ePm

h<&'"%$%:"$"%$%&%'()*%$"#?&'*&%$()$*A4&5*5($*'<*1)(3'(6$O*%$*!1&D

.*9C(%$.&4&%/$5(%'*.*)D%($"%$%&%'()*%$5($"?%(#4*9:"$5*$j(##*/$.")$)<1AD

?*35*%$($)<1AD%(3%"#(%/$'*&%$.")"$"$I*35dSj$e$jh$($\$Bjh�/$"$dGrj$Z$($

e/$"$U�"3"%$g$/$"$x<&.�W&#5/$"$S%'(#$($"$VWBQdDg6

De uma maneira em geral, esses sistemas apresentam as seguintes

!#()&%%*%T

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ce

�$v#?&'*T

�$V&#.<1*#/$!*#*$+*#*3A#$ &)*+(3%$5($5&2(#(3'(%$#(+&C(%$5*$j(##*$

com mesma escala e resolução;

�$ d"1D%F3.#"3*T$ %F3.#"3*$ .")$"$d"1$ L_(1&"%%F3.#"3"P/$ +*#*3A35"$

."35&9C(%$."3%'*3'(%$5($&1<)&3*9:"$5*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#(m$L*1D

A'<5($5($gff$*$[6fff$�)Pm

�$G"1*#T$5&#(9:"$.&#.<1*#$3"#'($a$%<1$=<($!(#)&'($"?%(#4*#$'"5*$*$

%<!(#0.&($5*$j(##*m$&3.1&3*9:"$5($bf�m$*1A'<5($5($gff$*$[6fff$�)m

�$Y("(%'*.&"3,#&*T$&3.1&3*9:"$5($f�/$."3%A'<&35"D%($5($<)*$J3&D

.*$i#?&'*$*.&)*$5"$B=<*5"#/$)*3'(35"/$5(%%*$2"#)*/$*$)(%)*$

!"%&9:"$()$ #(1*9:"$*$<)$!"3'"$-o"$3*$ %<!(#0.&($($"?'(35"$

%()!#($&)*+(3%$5*$)(%)*$2*.($5*$j(##*m$*1A'<5($5($ce6fff$�)m

�$U)*+(*)(3'"$.F.1&."$5*$%<!(#0.&(/$+*#*3A35"$"?%(#4*9C(%$!(#&D

i5&.*%$($#(!(AA4*%$5"%$)(%)"%$1<+*#(%m

�$n"#,#&"$ 5($!*%%*+()$5"$ %*'@1&'($ *'(35(35"$ E%$ %"1&.&'*9C(%$ 5($

diferentes áreas de aplicação.

H(%(34"14&5*$ !(1*$ OSdS/$ *$ %@#&($ 5($ %&%'()*%$ I*35dSj$ Lx<*5#"$

[P$*'<*1)(3'($(%',$3*$4(#%:"$\2, operando com o sistema sensor ETM+

(!"#$"%&'( )#&*$+%(,$--&.( /012), onde, além de contar com as banD

5*%$5&%!"3F4(&%$3"$I*35dSj$e$jh$L*4*39*5"$%&%'()*$%(3%"#$5($4*##(5<#*$

)<1A(%!(.'#*1/$"!(#*35"$()$\$2*&o*%$(%!(.'#*&%P/$."3'*$.")$<)*$?*35*$

!*3.#"),A.*$5($#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$ &+<*1$*$[e)$($<)$.*3*1$'(#)*1$.")$

#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$5($^f)6$R)$(%!(1_"$5($4*##(5<#*$.*!'*$*$(3(#+&*$!#"D

4(3&(3'($ 5*$ .(3*/$ "%.&1*35"$ !(#!(35&.<1*#)(3'($ E$ 5&#(9:"$ 5($ 5(%1".*D

)(3'"$5"$%*'@1&'($()$%(3A5"$1(%'(D"(%'(6$H(!"&%$5($."##&+&5"/$"$%&3*1$5(D

'(.'*5"$!(1"$%&%'()*$I*35dSj$@$*)!1&-.*5"$($."34(#A5"$()$%&3*1$5&+&'*1/$

%(35"$'#*3%)&A5"$4&*$'(1()('#&*/$3"$W#*%&1$5(%5($[b\c/$!*#*$*$B%'*9:"$5($

Q(.(!9:"$5"$UOGB/$()$V<&*?,;hj6

R)*$4(8$*#)*8(3*5*%/$*%$&)*+(3%$%:"$(34&*5*%$E$H&4&%:"$5($Y(D

#*9:"$5($U)*+(3%$a$HYU$D$3"$V(3'#"$B%!*.&*1$5($V*._"(&#*$G*<1&%'*;dG$($

-.*)$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$"$!J?1&."$()$+(#*1/$*'#*4@%$5($5&4(#%"%$!#"5<'"%$

L.i!&*%$ ()$!*!(1$ ()$5&2(#(3'(%$ (%.*1*%$ ($ 2"#)*'"%/$ -'*%$ 5&+&'*&%$ ($ VHD

QrhP$($3F4(&%$5($."##(9:"$Lx<*5#"$gP6

2 /4.(-.4?0&*$2(8a%"7%42O(4(2$8a078&(U$"'@5)(`(!),b(-$.41('&(;1"%74"$.(&*(*$74QRSScM

c^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

x<*5#"$[$a$V*#*.'(#F%A.*%$!#&3.&!*&%$5"%$%&%'()*%$%(3%"#(%$I*35dSj$e$($\6

Padrão 9($(':"$;#%'(

v#?&'* Circular –$b]/g�$–$_(1&"%%F3.#"3*

G(#F"5" 99 min

S1A'<5( \fe$�)

V#<8*)(3'" fbTZe$_

Ciclo [^$5&*%

v#?&'*$*5>*.(3'( [\g$�)

Velocidade \/\$�);%

Tempo de obtenção de uma cena gZ$%

M"3'(T$UOGB$Lgff[P6

R)$ )*!*$ ?*%(/$ 3*$ (%.*1*$ 5($ [T[f6fff6fff/$ 2"&$ (1*?"#*5"$ !(1"$

UOGB;HdYDe*6HI/$1".*1&8*35"$*%$.(3*%$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$"$W#*%&1$($!*#'($5*$

S)@#&.*$5"$d<1$($&5(3A-.*35"D*%$!"#$i#?&'*%$Lpath) e pontos (row). Cada

.(3*$."?#($<)*$,#(*$5($[]e$�)$o$[]e$�)/$.")$?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$.<>*$

#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$4*#&*$(3'#($[e$($[gf)$($*!1&.*9C(%$(%!(.F-.*%$Lx<*5#"$

3).

x<*5#"$g$a$OF4(&%$5($V"##(9:"$5&%!"3&?&1&8*5"%$!(1"$UOGB$!*#*$&)*+(3%$I*35dSj6

OF4(1 Correção

OF4(1$fQ Dados brutos com as bandas espectrais alinhadas espacialmente

OF4(1$[Y Imagem com correção radiometrica sem associação com sistema de projeção

OF4(1$[Y U)*+()$.")$."##(9C(%$#*5&")('#&.*$($+(")@'#&.*$*%%".&*5*$*$um sistema de projeção

M"3'(T$UOGB$LgffcP6

O(%'*$!(%=<&%*/$%(#:"$<A1&8*5*%$&)*+(3%$5"%$%&%'()*%$I*35dSj$e$

($\/$!(1*%$2*.&1&5*5(%$5($*=<&%&9:"$><3'"$*"$UOGB/$*'#*4@%$5"$I*?"#*'i#&"$

5($Y("!#".(%%*)(3'"$5"$U3%A'<'"$K&3+i/$*1@)$5*$(o'(3%*$($."3%"1&5*5*$

?&?1&"+#*-*$.&(3l-.*$5&%!"3F4(1$%"?#($d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$*!1&.*5"$*"$

monitoramento ambiental para estes sensores.

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$c\

c6[6g$GHU$($Bo'#*9:"$5($U32"#)*9C(%$()$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'(

S$2<39:"$!#&)"#5&*1$5"$GHU$@$y2*.&1&'*#$*$&5(3A-.*9:"$($*$(o'#*9:"$

5($&32"#)*9C(%$."3A5*%$3*%$&)*+(3%z$LVQvdjS/$[bbcP/$#()"4(35"$?*#D

#(&#*%$ &3(#(3'(%$*"$%&%'()*$4&%<*1$_<)*3"$($"?>(A4*35"$<)*$!"%'(#&"#$

&3'(#!#('*9:"$!(1"$<%<,#&"6$G*#*$&%%"$%:"$<A1&8*5"%$%&%'()*%$.")!<'*.&"D

nais dedicados, onde as imagens brutas são processadas, analisadas e maD

3&!<1*5*%/$#(%<1'*35"$()$"<'#*%$&)*+(3%$.")$*%$&32"#)*9C(%$(%!(.F-.*%$

5(%(>*5*%/$*!i%$5&4(#%*%$'@.3&.*%$5($#(*1.($($)"5&-.*9:"$5($%<*$(%'#<'<D

ra espectral.

x<*5#"$c$a$V*#*.'(#F%A.*%$($*!1&.*9C(%$5*%$?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5"$I*35dSj$e6

Banda Intervaloespectral

(µm)

<$/5'/=(/#-'($(':"$;#%'(#-"-(=./'()>"#-!(#-?(5!(#-@A-do satélite LANDSAT-5

1 Lf/Ze$D$f/egP Apresenta grande penetração em corpos de água, com (1(4*5*$'#*3%!*#`3.&*/$!(#)&A35"$(%'<5"%$?*A)@'#&."%6$d"2#($*?%"#9:"$!(1*$.1"#"-1*$($!&+)(3'"%$2"'"%%&3'@A."%$*<o&1&*#(%$L.*#"'(3i&5(%P6$S!#(%(3'*$%(3%&?&1&5*5($*$!1<D)*%$5($2<)*9*$"#&<35*%$5($=<(&)*5*%$"<$*A4&5*5($&3Ddustrial. Pode apresentar atenuação pela atmosfera.

2 Lf/eg$D$f/^fP S!#(%(3'*$+#*35($ %(3%&?&1&5*5($E$!#(%(39*$5($ %(5&)(3'"%$em suspensão, possibilitando sua análise em termos de =<*3A5*5($($=<*1&5*5(6$W"*$!(3('#*9:"$()$."#!"%$5($,+<*6

3 Lf/eg$D$f/^fP S$4(+('*9:"$4(#5(/$5(3%*$($<3&2"#)(/$*!#(%(3'*$+#*35($*?%"#9:"/$-.*35"$(%.<#*/$!(#)&A35"$?")$."3'#*%'($(3D'#($*%$,#(*%$".<!*5*%$.")$4(+('*9:"$L(o6T$%"1"$(o!"%'"/$estradas e áreas urbanas). Apresenta bom contraste enD'#($ 5&2(#(3'(%$ A!"%$ 5($ ."?(#'<#*$ 4(+('*1$ L(o6T$ .*)!"/$.(##*5"$($�"#(%'*P6$G(#)&'($*3,1&%($5*$4*3*9:"$1&'"1i+&.*$()$#(+&C(%$.")$!"<.*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*16$G(#)&'($"$)*D!(*)(3'"$5*$5#(3*+()$*'#*4@%$5*$4&%<*1&8*9:"$5*$)*'*$+*1(#&*$ ($ (3'*1_($ 5"%$ .<#%"%$ 5"%$ #&"%$ ()$ #(+&C(%$ .")$!"<.*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*16$�$*$?*35*$)*&%$<A1&8*5*$!*#*$5(D1&)&'*#$*$)*3._*$<#?*3*/$&3.1<&35"$&5(3A-.*9:"$5($3"4"%$1"'(*)(3'"%6$G(#)&'($*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5($,#(*%$*+#F."1*%6

c] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

4 Lf/\^$D$f/bfP r%$."#!"%$5($,+<*$*?%"#4()$)<&'*$(3(#+&*$3(%'*$?*35*$($-.*)$(%.<#"%/$!(#)&A35"$"$)*!(*)(3'"$5*$#(5($5($5#(3*+()$($5(1&3(*)(3'"$5($."#!"%$5($,+<*6$S$4(+('*D9:"$4(#5(/$5(3%*$($<3&2"#)(/$#(�('($)<&'*$(3(#+&*$3(%'*$banda, aparecendo bem clara nas imagens. Apresenta %(3%&?&1&5*5($E$#<+"%&5*5($5*$."!*$5*%$�"#(%'*%$L5"%%(1$�"#(%'*1P6$ S!#(%(3'*$ %(3%&?&1&5*5($ E$)"#2"1"+&*$ 5"$ '(#D#(3"/$!(#)&A35"$*$"?'(39:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$%"?#($Y("D)"#2"1"+&*/$ d"1"%$ ($Y("1"+&*6$ d(#4($!*#*$ *3,1&%($ ($)*D!(*)(3'"$5($2(&9C(%$+("1i+&.*%$($(%'#<'<#*&%6$d(#4($!*#*$separar e mapear áreas ocupadas com pinus e eucalipto. d(#4($!*#*$)*!(*#$,#(*%$".<!*5*%$.")$4(+('*9:"$=<($2"#*)$=<(&)*5*%6$G(#)&'($*$4&%<*1&8*9:"$5($,#(*%$".<D!*5*%$.")$)*.#i-'*%$*=<,A.*%$L(o6T$*+<*!@P6$G(#)&'($*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5($,#(*%$*+#F."1*%6

5 L[/ee$D$[/\eP Apresenta sensibilidade ao teor de umidade das plantas, %(#4&35"$!*#*$"?%(#4*#$(%'#(%%($3*$4(+('*9:"/$ .*<%*5"$!"#$5(%(=<&1F?#&"$_F5#&."6$B%'*$?*35*$%"2#($!(#'<#?*9C(%$()$.*%"$5($"."##(#$(o.(%%"$5($._<4*$*3'(%$5*$"?'(39:"$da cena pelo satélite.

6 L[f/Z$D$[g/eP S!#(%(3'*$ %(3%&?&1&5*5($ *"%$ 2(3k)(3"%$ #(1*A4"%$ *"%$."3'#*%'(%$'@#)&."%/$%(#4&35"$!*#*$5('(.'*#$!#"!#&(5*5(%$'(#)*&%$5($#"._*%/$%"1"%/$4(+('*9:"$($,+<*6

7 Lg/f]$D$g/ceP S!#(%(3'*$ %(3%&?&1&5*5($ E$ )"#2"1"+&*$ 5"$ '(##(3"/$ !(#D)&A35"$"?'(#$&32"#)*9C(%$%"?#($Y(")"#2"1"+&*/$d"1"%$($Y("1"+&*6$B%'*$?*35*$%(#4($!*#*$&5(3A-.*#$)&3(#*&%$.")$F"3%$_&5#"o&1*%6$G"'(3.&*1)(3'($2*4"#,4(1$E$5&%.#&)&3*9:"$de produtos de alteração hidrotermal.

M"3'(T$UOGB$LgffcP6

B)?"#*$"$%(#$_<)*3"$%(>*$.*!*8$5($#(."3_(.(#$!*5#C(%$5&%A3'"%/$

"$+#*35($4"1<)($5($5*5"%$"#&<35"%$5*%$&)*+(3%$"#?&'*&%$&)!"%%&?&1&'*$<)$

!#".(%%*)(3'"$%()$"$*<oF1&"$5*$'(.3"1"+&*$5&+&'*1/$=<($*1.*39"<$(3"#)($

(4"1<9:"$3*%$J1A)*%$5@.*5*%/$5&)&3<&35"$.<%'"%$*"$)(%)"$'()!"$()$

=<($ *<)(3'"<$ *$ .*!*.&5*5($ 5($ *#)*8(3*)(3'"$ ($ !#".(%%*)(3'"$ 5"%$

dados.


As imagens orbitais são diferentes de outras imagens digitais em

%<*$(%'#<'<#*$($ #(%"1<9:"6$ d(+<35"$VQvdjS$ L[bbcP/$ (%'*%$ &)*+(3%$ '`)$

3*'<#(8*$5&%.#('*$($%:"$."3%A'<F5*%$y!"#$<)$*##*3>"$5($(1()(3'"%$%"?$

a forma de uma malha ou gridz/$"35($.*5*$.@1<1*/$._*)*5*$5( pixel (de

picture element/$()$&3+1`%P$'()$%<*$1".*1&8*9:"$5(-3&5*$!"#$<)$%&%'()*$

de coordenadas x, A (linha e coluna), representando sempre uma área com

*%$)(%)*%$5&)(3%C(%$3*$%<!(#0.&($ '(##(%'#(6$S%%".&*5"$*"$!&o(1$(o&%'($

um atributo z/$&35&.*35"$%(<$3F4(1$5($.&38*/$."3_(.&5"$!"#$HO$L5"$&3+1`%/$

digital numberP/$=<($4*#&*$5"$?#*3."$*"$!#('"6$S%%&)/$<)*$&)*+()$!"5($

%(#$ 4&%'*$ .")"$<)*$)*'#&8$ .")!"%'*$!"#$)&1_*#(%$5($ 1&3_*%$($ ."1<3*%/$

"35($.*5*$(1()(3'"$!"%%<&$<)$3F4(1$5($.&38*$(%!(.F-."/$5($*."#5"$.")$*$

*%%&3*'<#*$(%!(.'#*1$5"$*14"$&)*+(*5"6

x<*1=<(#$ &)*+()/$.")"$<)*$2"'"+#*-*$()$!*!(1/$!"#$(o()!1"/$

!"5($ %(#$ '#*3%2"#)*5*$()$ &)*+()$5&+&'*1/$ <A1&8*35"$<)$(=<&!*)(3'"$

scanner6$O"$!#".(%%"/$'*)?@)$@$+(#*5*$<)*$)*'#&8$.")$%(<%$(1()(3'"%$

()$'*)*3_"%$!#@D5(-3&5"%$($%(<%$3F4(&%$5($.&38*$!#"!"#.&"3*&%$E$'"3*1&D

dade da imagem original, podendo ser manipulada por sistemas compuD

tacionais de processamento de imagem.

r$'(#)"$y#(%"1<9:"z$()$GHU$5&8$#(%!(&'"$E$)(5&5*$5*$_*?&1&5*5($

=<($<)$5('(#)&3*5"$%(3%"#$!"%%<&$5($5&%A3+<&#$(3'#($#(%!"%'*%$=<($%:"$

%()(1_*3'(%$ (%!(.'#*1)(3'($ "<$ !#io&)*%$ (%!*.&*1)(3'($ LUOGB/$ gff[P6$

H&4&5(D%($()T

*P$Q(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1T$)(5&5*$()$)('#"%/$@$y5(-3&5*$!(1*$.*!*D

.&5*5($5"$%&%'()*$%(3%"#$()$$�(3o(#+*#q$"?>('"%$3*$%<!(#0.&($

'(##(%'#(z/$ %(35"$ =<($ =<*3'"$)(3"#$ "$ "?>('"$ !"%%F4(1$ 5($ %(#$

"?%(#4*5"/$)*&"#$%(#,$%<*$#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$LVQvdjS/$[bbcPm$*$

maneira mais comum de ser determinada é pelo campo instanD

'~3("$5($4&%*5*$LUMr7P$=<($5(-3($*$,#(*$5"$'(##(3"$&)*+(*5*$*$

<)*$5*5*$*1A'<5($3<)$5*5"$&3%'*3'($LpixelP/$<)$."3.(&'"$'(iD

rico baseado nas propriedades geométricas do sistema sensor;

?P$Q(%"1<9:"$(%!(.'#*1T$5(2&3&5*$!(1"$3J)(#"$5($?*35*%$(%!(.D

'#*&%$5($*."#5"$.")$%<*$1*#+<#*$5"$&3'(#4*1"$5($.")!#&)(3'"$5($

"35*$3"$BBhm$=<*3'"$)(3"#$*$1*#+<#*$5"$&3'(#4*1"/$)*&"#$%(#,$*$

resolução espectral do sensor;

Zf Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

.P$Q(%"1<9:"$#*5&")@'#&.*T$5(-3&5*$!(1"$3J)(#"$5($3F4(&%$5&+&'*&%$

=<($#(!#(%(3'*)$"%$3F4(&%$5($.&38*$5($<)$pixel; “quanto maior

"$3J)(#"$5($3F4(&%/$)*&"#$@$*$#(%"1<9:"$#*5&")@'#&.*z$LVQvdjS/$

1993).

B)$%&%'()*%$%(3%"#(%/$'*)?@)$@$<A1&8*5*$<)*$"<'#*$#(%"1<9:"/$*$

'()!"#*1/$5('(#)&3*5*$!(1*$2#(={`3.&*$.")$=<($"$%(3%"#$4"1'*$*$&)*+(*#$

a mesma cena (medida em dias ou horas).

3.1.3 Detecção de áreas degradadas

S%$*A4&5*5(%$*3'#i!&.*%$3"$%()&D,#&5"$%($5(%(34"14()/$(%%(3.&*1D

)(3'(/$*'#*4@%$5($)*3(>"%$3:"$%<%'(3',4(&%/$".*%&"3*35"$5&4(#%*%$)"5&D

-.*9C(%$3"%$*14"%$3*'<#*&%$%"?#($*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#(6$H&4(#%*%$!(%=<&%*%$

têm demonstrado o potencial do PDI na detecção de áreas degradas, a

!*#A#$5"$(%'<5"$5"$.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5(%'(%$*14"%/$y5(1&)&'*35"$

"%$2(3k)(3"%$=<($.*#*.'(#&8*)$*$+("5&3~)&.*$5($<)*$#(+&:"$5"$%()&D

,#&5"/$*'#*4@%$5($'(o'<#*%/$)*A8(%$($#(1*9C(%$_"#&8"3'*&%$(3'#($"%$(1()(3D

'"%$5*%$&)*+(3%$"#?&'*&%z$LhSIHrOSHr/$gff[P6

Uma técnica de interferometria que combina imagens de radar e

i!A.*%/$!"#$(o()!1"/$*<)(3'*$"$%&3(#+&%)"$5*$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%6$

B)$(%'<5"%$+(")"#2"1i+&."%/$3"<'#"$(o()!1"/$*$*3,1&%($5*%$.<#4*%$5($3FD

4(1$()$!1*3F.&(%$*1<4&*&%$%"?#(!"%'*%$*$.")?&3*9C(%$)<1A(%!(.'#*&%$(4&D

dencia as áreas de erosão ou de acumulação de material do solo. CARVAD

Inr$Lgff[P/$*"$2*8(#$<)*$*?"#5*+()$)<1A(%.*1*$!*#*$"$)"3&'"#*)(3'"$

5"$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$5&8$=<($*$(%."1_*$

)('"5"1i+&.*$5($&34(%A+*9:"$5"$!#"?1()*/$*%%".&*5*$E$(%."1_*$5"%$&35&D

.*5"#(%/$4*#&*$()$2<39:"$5*%$(%.*1*%$'()!"#*&%$($(%!*.&*&%6

S%%&)/$ y*%$ &32"#)*9C(%$ "?A5*%$ !"#$ %&%'()*%$ %(3%"#(%$ 3"%$ 5&2(D

#(3'(%$3F4(&%$5($"?%(#4*9:"$%:"$.")!1()(3'*#(%$($&3'(+#*5*%/$!*#'($5($

<)*$)(%)*$ #(*1&5*5(z6$h"5&-.*9C(%$ 3"$ *1?(5"/$ F35&.(%$ 5($ 4(+('*9:"$

($5($?#&1_"/$)<5*39*%$3*$ 2"#)*$5($<%"$($)*3(>"$5*$ '(##*/$"?%(#4*9:"$

5*%$."35&9C(%$?&"1i+&.*%/$0%&.*%$($=<F)&.*%$5*$,+<*/$*1@)$5($4*#&*9C(%$

nas paisagens naturais e radiação solar, dentre outros, são exemplos de

*!1&.*9C(%$()$GHU$4"1'*5*%$*"$(%'<5"$5($,#(*%$5(+#*5*5*%$()$(%'*5"$5($

5(%(#A-.*9:"6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Z[

R)*$.")?&3*9:"$5*%$?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$e/$Z$($c$5"$%(3%"#$I*35D

dSj$e$jh/$!(#)&A<$*$VrdjS$et alli (2001) uma interpretação das áreas

5($ #(5<9:"$5($?&")*%%*$3*$ .**A3+*/$?*%(*5*$3*%$5&2(#(3'(%$ #(%!"%'*%$

(%!(.'#*&%$5"%$*14"%$%(3%"#&*5"%$!(#.(!l4(&%$3*%$&)*+(3%6$S"$.#<8*#$.")$

)*!*%$5($%"1"%$($!(%=<&%*%$5($.*)!"/$"%$*<'"#(%$ &5(3A-.*#*)$"$(%'*D

5"$5($."3%(#4*9:"$5"%$ #(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$5"$)<3&.F!&"$5($V*#&5*5(;VB/$

5(%'*.*35"$ *%$ ,#(*%$ 5(+#*5*5*%$ y!"#$ <%"$ 3:"$ ."3%(#4*.&"3&%'*$ 5(%'(%$

%"1"%/$*%%".&*5"%$*$%<*%$!#i!#&*%$1&)&'*9C(%/$.")"$*$*1'*$%<%.(A?&1&5*5($

E$(#"%:"/$*1@)$5"$(o.(%%"$5($%i5&"/$"$=<*1$1&)&'*$"$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$5($

5('(#)&3*5*%$(%!@.&(%z6

G"#'*3'"/$*%$*9C(%$5"$_")()$%"?#($*$!*&%*+()$($%"?#($"%$#(.<#D

%"%$3*'<#*&%$!"5()$%(#$)"3&'"#*5*%$*$!*#A#$5*%$'@.3&.*%$5&%!"3F4(&%$3"$

GHU/$&5(3A-.*35"$"%$5&4(#%"%$+#*<%$5($5(+#*5*9:"$5"$)(&"$*)?&(3'($($

!(#)&A35"$<)*$=<*3A-.*9:"$5*%$5&4(#%*%$,#(*%$*A3+&5*%$!(1"$!#"?1(D

)*6$O"$V*!F'<1"$Z/$%(#:"$*?"#5*5*%$5('*1_*5*)(3'($*%$'@.3&.*%$5($GHU$

<A1&8*5*%$3(%'*$!(%=<&%*$=<($"?>(A4*)$*$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$3(.(%D

%,#&*%$E$.")!"%&9:"$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%$3*$,#(*$()$(%'<5"6

B76-8-9+0=+$:(0"5:+-C#="':$(.-!+#-(.2+#-5(:4$(/#-!(-9((%5D(

r$."3_(.&)(3'"$%"?#($"$.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%$%"D

?#($*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#($@$2<35*)(3'*1$!*#*$*$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$*$

!*#A#$5($5*5"%$5($d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"/$*%%&)$.")"$"%$2*'"#(%$=<($&3D

'(#2(#()$3(%'($.")!"#'*)(3'"$LOr7r/$[b]bP6$R)*$.")?&3*9:"$5($?*3D

5*%$(%!(.'#*&%$=<($)(1_"#$5&%.#&)&3($<)$5('(#)&3*5"$*14"/$!"#$(o()!1"/$

#(=<(#$."3_(.(#$"$.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5(%'($*14"$5($&3'(#(%%($"</$

(3':"/$."##(D%($"$#&%."$5($5(%!#(8*#$2*&o*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5($+#*35($&)!"#'~3D

.&*$!*#*$%<*$&5(3A-.*9:"6

Dentre os principais fatores que interferem nas medidas do comD

!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%/$5(%'*.*)D%(T

*P$h@'"5"$5($*=<&%&9:"T$1*?"#*'i#&"/$.*)!"$"<$!1*'*2"#)*$(1(4*D

5*$L_(1&.i!'(#"/$*4&:"$"<$%*'@1&'(P/$<A1&8*35"D%($<)$(%!(.'#"##*D

5&k)('#"$!*#*$*$."1('*$5"%$5*5"%$L*%%&3*'<#*$(%!(.'#*1Pm

Zg Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

?P$Y(")('#&*$5($*=<&%&9:"$5"%$5*5"%T$%:"$!*#~)('#"%$Lx<*5#"$ZP$

que interferem na geometria de iluminação da cena;

.P$G*#~)('#"%$*')"%2@#&."%T$<)&5*5($*')"%2@#&.*/$!#(%(39*$5($*(D

#"%%i&%/$'<#?<1`3.&*/$5(3'#($"<'#"%m

5P$G*#~)('#"%$#(1*A4"%$*"$*14"T$"?>('"%$*5>*.(3'(%$*"$*14"$5($&3D

'(#(%%($!"5()$&3'(#2(#&#$3*%$)(5&5*%$5($#(�(.'~3.&*$5(%'(/$!"&%$

<)*$(3(#+&*$5&2(#(3'($(%!*1_*5*$!(1*$4&8&3_*39*$5"$*14"$!"5($

mascarar sua resposta.

S%%&)/$4(+('*9:"/$%"1"%/$#"._*%$($)&3(#*&%/$,+<*$($%<!(#0.&(%$."3%D

'#<F5*%$%:"$*1+<3%$5"%$!#&3.&!*&%$.")!"3(3'(%$5*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#($"?D

jeto de estudo em Sensoriamento Remoto. Como dito, o conhecimento

5"$ .")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$ 5"%$ *14"%$5($ &3'(#(%%($($ *%$ &3'(#2(#`3.&*%$

"?%(#4*5*%$3"$!#".(%%"$ %:"$(%%(3.&*&%$ !*#*$<)*$ ."##('*$<A1&8*9:"$5"%$

5*5"%$%(3%"#&*5"%/$"?>(A4*35"$2"#3(.(#$(o'(3%*%$($!#(.&%*%$&32"#)*9C(%$

!*#*$ '"5*%$ *%$ ,#(*%$ 5*%$ +(".&`3.&*%/$ !*#A.<1*#)(3'($ !*#*$ "$)"3&'"#*D

mento ambiental.

Neste contexto, segundo MALDONADO (2001), uma das ferramenD

tas mais importantes para o monitoramento das mudanças de cobertura

e uso do solo é oriunda das imagens satelitais, sendo que “no caso de

#(+&C(%$%()&D,#&5*%/$*%$."35&9C(%$.1&),A.*/$(5,-.*$($5($5(+#*5*9:"$5*$

!*&%*+()$'`)$&)!"#'*3'($&3�<`3.&*$3*$#(%!"%'*$(%!(.'#"D'(o'<*1$5*$."D

?(#'<#*$($<%"$5"$%"1"/$=<*35"$"?%(#4*5"%$()$5*5"%$%(3%"#&*5"%z6$R)*$

5*%$'@.3&.*%$)*&%$*!<#*5*%$#(2(#(D%($E$S3,1&%($!"#$V")!"3(3'(%$G#&3.&D

!*&%/$!"&%$!(#)&'($*4*1&*#$"$+#*<$5($)"5&-.*9:"$!#"4".*5*$!(1*$*9:"$5"$

_")()$3*$!*&%*+()$5($5")F3&"$5*$V**A3+*6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Zc

x<*5#"$Z$a$B2(&'"$5*%$4*#&,4(&%$5*$+(")('#&*$5($*=<&%&9:"$5($5*5"%$5($d(3%"#&*)(3'"$

Q()"'"$%"?#($*%$)(5&5*%$5($#(�(.'~3.&*6$3

7*#&,4(1 CE"/:+-#+?$"-(#-0"!/!(#-!"-$"F"':G5'/(

Ângulo solarZenital (!8$P

Aumento do !8$a$H&)&3<&9:"$5*$&##*5&~3.&*$%"1*#$3*$%<!(#D0.&($5"$*14"$a$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$!"#.(3'*+()$5($(3(#+&*$#(D�(A5*$!(1*$%<!(#0.&(6Aumento do !8$a$S<)(3'"$5($!(#.(3'*+()$5($&3.&5`3.&*$5($#*5&*9:"$5&2<%*$%"?#($*$%<!(#0.&($5"$*14"$a$*<)(3'"$5*$.")!"3(3'($5($#*5&*9:"$5&2<%*$%"?#($"$*14"6

Ângulo de4&%*5*(!4$P

Aumento de !4$a$S<)(3'"$5"$.")!"3(3'($5($#*5&~3.&*$5*$*')"%2(#*$3*$(3(#+&*$#(�(A5*$!(1*$%<!(#0.&($a$Q(5<9:"$5"$."3'#*%'($(3'#($"%$*14"%$a$S<)(3'"$5*$&3�<`3.&*$5*$*3&%"Dtropia3$5*$#(�(.'~3.&*$%"?#($*%$)(5&5*%$#*5&")@'#&.*%6

ÂnguloS8&)<'*1$5"$d"1e do sensor

S1'(#*$ *$ 5&%'#&?<&9:"$ 5($ (3(#+&*$ 3*$ %<!(#0.&($ 5"$ *14"$ 3"$caso de culturas plantadas em linhas, no caso de lineamenD'"%$+("1i+&."%6

ÂnguloS8&)<'*1#(1*A4"

S$4*#&*9:"$5($" altera a porcentagem de energia registrada pelo sensor em cada comprimento de onda.Quando " = 0o$a$)*&"#$!"#.(3'*+()$5($(3(#+&*$#(�(A5*$()$'"5"%$"%$.")!#&)(3'"%$5($"35*/$%($8$�$gfo; #4$�$eo.

S1A'<5(do sensor

S<)(3'"$5($n$a$*<)(3'"$5*$&3'(#2(#`3.&*$5*$#*5&~3.&*$5*$*')"%2(#*$3*$)(5&5*$5($#(�(.'~3.&*$5"$*14"6

M"3'(T$Or7r$L[b]bP6

r$)*!(*)(3'"$5($."?(#'<#*%$4(+('*&%$.")$?*%($()$%<*%$.*#*.'(D

#F%A.*%$-%&"3k)&.*%/$(."1i+&.*%$($�"#F%A.*%$+*3_"<$&)!<1%"$."3%&5(#,4(1$

.")$"$*54(3'"$5"$%(3%"#&*)(3'"$#()"'"/$%(+<35"$GrO�rOU$Lgff[P6$r$

*<'"#$*-#)*$=<($y(o!(#&)(3'"%$'`)$%&5"$."35<8&5"%$()$'"5"$"$)<35"/$

?<%.*35"$.*#*.'(#&8*#$"$.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5*%$!*#'(%$5*%$!1*3'*%$

L666P$.")$"$"?>(A4"$5($*'(35(#$E%$3(.(%%&5*5(%$(%!(.F-.*%z$5($!(%=<&%*$

($ *!1&.*9C(%$ .")(#.&*&%/$ !#"!&.&*35"$"$)*!(*)(3'"$5($ (o'(3%*%$ ,#(*%$

5*$%<!(#0.&($ '(##(%'#(/$"$)"3&'"#*)(3'"/$*$-%.*1&8*9:"$($"$."3'#"1($5*$

exploração dos recursos naturais.

3 d1$07'$'&('&(1*(4?P&84(^1&($-.&2&"8$(-.4-.7&'$'&2(e27%$2('7;&.&"8&2(&*(84'$2($2('7-.&Z[&2V(4-[&L2&($(7248.4-7$(G5<JfUB9O(H_ggIM

ZZ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

B%'<5"%$#(.(3'(%$5()"3%'#*)$=<($*$*1'(#*9:"$5"$(=<&1F?#&"$_F5#&."$

5*%$!1*3'*%$!"5($%(#$"?%(#4*5*$!#&3.&!*1)(3'($3*$#(+&:"$5"$&32#*4(#)(D

1_"$!#io&)"/$%(35"$=<(/$3"$.*%"$5"$%(3%"#$I*35dSj$e$jh/$(%'*$.*#*.'(#F%D

A.*$%&'<*D%($3*$?*35*$(%!(.'#*1$e6$r?%(#4*35"$*$*!*#`3.&*$5*$4(+('*9:"$

()$&)*+(3%$"#?&'*&%/$4(#&-.*D%($=<($y<)$5"%%(1$4(+('*1$'()$4*1"#(%$5($#(D

�(.'~3.&*$#(1*A4*)(3'($?*&o"%$3*$#(+&:"$5"$4&%F4(1/$5(4&5"$E$*9:"$5"%$!&+D

)(3'"%$2"'"%%&3'(A8*3'(%$=<($*?%"#4()$*$#*5&*9:"$(1('#")*+3@A.*$!*#*$

*$#(*1&8*9:"$5*$2"'"%%F3'(%(z6$G"#@)/$y3*$#(+&:"$5"$&32#*4(#)(1_"$!#io&D

)"/$(%%(%$4*1"#(%$*!#(%(3'*)D%($(1(4*5"%/$!"#$.*<%*$5"$(%!*1_*)(3'"$

&3'(#3"$%"2#&5"$!(1*$#*5&*9:"$(1('#")*+3@A.*$()$2<39:"$5*$5&%!"%&9:"$5*$

(%'#<'<#*$)"#2"1i+&.*$5*$2"1_*/$*1&*5"/$*&35*/$*"$(%!*1_*)(3'"$)J1A!1"$

(3'#($*%$5&2(#(3'(%$.*)*5*%$5($2"1_*%z6$U%'"$'()$2<35*)(3'*1$&)!"#'~3.&*$

5*$*3,1&%($($!#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$F35&.(%$5($4(+('*9:"$5*$.**A3+*$!*#*$"%$

(%'<5"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"/$*"$(1(+(#$5($2"#)*$

%&%'(),A.*$*%$?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$)*&%$*5(=<*5*%$E$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*D

9C(%$%"?#($*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$3*$,#(*$()$(%'<5"/$.")!#((35(35"$%<*$

morfogênese.

j*)?@)$(%'<5*35"$"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$�S�hUBQV�S�$L[bb^P$

*-#)*$=<($y5(3'#"$5"$5")F3&"$5($*!1&.*9C(%$5($5*5"%$5($%(3%"#&*)(3'"$

#()"'"/$4(#&-.*D%($<)*$+#*35($2*1'*$5($&32"#)*9C(%$%"?#($*$M"#)*9:"$5*$

V**A3+*T$*$(o'(3%:"$($"$!"<."$."3_(.&)(3'"$(o&%'(3'($?*%'*#&*)$!*#*$

determinar esta região como um dos mais promissores campos de aplicaD

9:"$5*%$'(.3"1"+&*%$5($%(3%"#&*)(3'"$#()"'"/$!*#*$!#"4(#$&32"#)*9C(%$

%"?#($"%$%(<%$#(.<#%"%z6$$G*#'($5"$!#"?1()*$4(#&-.*5"$3"$(%'<5"$5*$5(D

%(#A-.*9:"$3"$!*%%*5"$'()$%&5"$*$'(35`3.&*$5($'#*'*#$5($)"5"$&35(!(3D

dente os diferentes aspectos a ela relacionados e que estão intrinsecaD

)(3'($#(1*.&"3*5"%$($=<($1(4*)$E$5(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1/$'*3'"$()$,#(*%$

já ocupadas, como em áreas naturais.

r$*<'"#$5()"3%'#*$()$*#A+"$<)*$)('"5"1"+&*$!*#*$5('(.9:"$5($

F35&.(%$3"#)*1&8*5"%$5($4(+('*9:"$5*$V**A3+*/$.")"$<)$2*'"#$5('(#)&D

3*3'($3*$5('(.9:"$5($,#(*%$5(%(#A-.*5*%/$*$!*#A#$5($%@#&(%$ '()!"#*&%$

5"$%*'@1&'($3"#'(D*)(#&.*3"$S7nQQ;OrSS$($5"$.#<8*)(3'"$.")$5*5"%$

!1<4&")@'#&."%$5($(%'*9C(%$3"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$*3*1&%*35"$"%$5*5"%$

($4(#&-.*35"$!*5#C(%$5($.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%6$RA1&8*35"$

"$OH7U/$�S�hUBQV�S�$ L[bb^P$"?%(#4"<$=<($y=<*3'"$)*&"#$"$ F35&.($5($

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Ze

4(+('*9:"/$)*&%$5(3%*$@$*$-'")*%%*$4(#5(z/$!"&%$E$)(5&5*$=<($*<)(3D

'*$*$4(+('*9:"/$*<)(3'*$'*)?@)$*$#(�(o:"$3*$?*35*$5"$&32#*D4(#)(1_"$

!#io&)"/$*"$!*%%"$=<($5&)&3<&$*$#(�(o:"$3*$?*35*$5"$4(#)(1_"/$2*8(35"$

.")$=<($*$#*8:"$(3'#($(1*%$%(>*$!"'(3.&*1&8*5*/$#(*19*35"$*$4(+('*9:"6$

RA1&8*35"$%@#&(%$'()!"#*&%/$'*)?@)$2"&$."3%'*'*5*$*$.")!"3(3'($

%*8"3*1$3*$!#"5<9:"$5($-'")*%%*/$()$2<39:"$5*%$(%'*9C(%$.1&),A.*%/$#(D

4(1*35"$<)$5(.#@%.&)"$5"%$4*1"#(%$5($OH7U$E$)(5&5*$=<($*4*39*$"$5@-D

.&'$_F5#&."$3"$!(#F"5"$5*%$%(.*%6$R)*$."3.1<%:"$&)!"#'*3'($5(%'($(%'<5"$

@$=<($y*%$."35&9C(%$%(.*%$'(35()$*$%(#$)*&%$2*4"#,4(&%$*$5&%.#&)&3*9:"$

5($!(=<(3*%$5&2(#(39*%$(3'#($"%$5&4(#%"%$A!"%$5($.**A3+*z/$!"&%$*$@!".*$

._<4"%*$<3&2"#)&8*$*%$#(%!"%'*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5*%$5&2(#(3'(%$A!"1"+&*%$(o&%D

'(3'(%$3*$#(+&:"$%()&D,#&5*6

Por outro lado, COSTA et alli$ Lgff[P$'*)?@)$"?%(#4*)$=<($*$5&D

3~)&.*$5"$<%"$5*$'(##*$3*$V**A3+*/$*"$<A1&8*#$5($)"5"$3:"$%<%'(3',4(1$

"%$#(.<#%"%$)*5(&#(&#"%/$4()$!#"4".*35"$!(#5*$5*$5&4(#%&5*5($�"#F%A.*$

($."3l3<*$5(+#*5*9:"$5"$%"1"/$(%'*35"$&3A)*)(3'($#(1*.&"3*5"%$*$!#(D

%(39*$5($$!#".(%%"%$5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%$3*$#(+&:"$5($d(#&5i/$3"$Q&"$Y#*35($

5"$O"#'(6$r%$*<'"#(%/$(3':"/$!#"!C()$<)$)@'"5"$!*#*$"$)*!(*)(3'"$

5*$-'")*%%*$5*$V**A3+*/$?*%(*35"D%($3"$F35&.($5($s#(*$5($G1*3'*$($3"$

OH7U/$"?A5"%$.")$5*5"%$5"$%(3%"#$I*35dSj$\$Bjh�/$"$)(%)"$*$%(#$<AD

1&8*5"$3"$ ~)?&'"$5(%'*$ !(%=<&%*6$ [email protected]&.*%$ 5($!#".(%%*)(3'"$5&+&'*1$ 5($

?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$3*%$#(+&C(%$5"$&32#*4(#)(1_"$!#io&)"$L%(3%"#(%$jhc$

($jhZP$!(#)&'()$<)*$)(1_"#$#(%!"%'*$(%!(.'#*1$!*#*$*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5*$

."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$3*$,#(*$&)*+(*5*6

VSQ7SInr$ Lgff[P/$ *"$ 2*8(#$ <)*$ *?"#5*+()$)<1A(%.*1*$ !*#*$ "$

)"3&'"#*)(3'"$5($&35&.*5"#(%$5"$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$"?%(#4"<$

=<(/$3"$3F4(1$5($!(#.(!9:"$#(+&"3*1/$*%$)(5&5*%$5(4()$%(#$2(&'*%$()$(%D

.*1*%$'()!"#*&%$5*$"#5()$5($+#*35(8*$5($5@.*5*%$*$*3"%/$"35($y*$*9:"$

5"$_")()$($5"%$*3&)*&%$%($2*8$%(3A#$5($2"#)*$?*%'*3'($(o!#(%%&4*$3*$

!*&%*+()$3*'<#*1z6

S"$ !(%=<&%*#$ "%$ !#".(%%"%$ 5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%$ ()$ S1*+"*%/$ SddUd$

LgffgP$<A1&8"<D%($5($ &)*+(3%$I*35dSj$e$jh$!*#*$5('(.'*#$*$"."##`3.&*$

de desmatamentos e seus estados de maior ou menor degradação amD

?&(3'*1/$ ._(+*35"$*$."3.1<%:"$=<($.(#.*$5($bc|$5*$.1*%%($.**A3+*$(%D

'*4*$5(+#*5*5*$3"$ '#i!&."$ %()&D,#&5"$ (%'*5<*1/$ *!#(%(3'*35"$ ,#(*%$ 5($

Z^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

"."##`3.&*$)<&'"$+#*4($5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$.")$y.*#*.'(#F%A.*%$5($'(##*%$

*##*%*5*%z6$

Z\

Z6$S$HBYQSHStur$ShWUBOjSI$Bh$KUOYvTRhS$7Udur$dUOvjUVS$ORhS$GBQdGBVjU7S

BdGBVjQrDjBhGrQSI

4.1 Generalidades

V"32"#)($ *3*1&%*5"$ 3"%$ .*!F'<1"%$ *3'(#&"#(%/$ *$ 5(+#*5*9:"$ *)D

?&(3'*1$.#(%.(3'($3"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$"$ 2#,+&1$(=<&1F?#&"$5"$(."%%&%D

'()*$5*$.**A3+*/$"$#(+&)($&3."3%'*3'($5*%$._<4*%/$"%$%"1"%$5(1+*5"%$($

!"?#(%$()$3<'#&(3'(%$"#+~3&."%/$*1&*5"$E%$!#(.,#&*%$."35&9C(%$%i.&"D(."D

3k)&.*%$5*%$!"!<1*9C(%$=<($_*?&'*)$(%%*$#(+&:"/$2"#)*)$<)$."3><3'"$

5($2*'"#(%$=<($2*4"#(.()$*$"."##`3.&*$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"6$

j*)?@)$2"&$4&%'"$=<($*%$3"4*%$'(.3"1"+&*%$5($%(3%"#&*)(3'"$#()"'"$!*#*$

"$)"3&'"#*)(3'"$*)?&(3'*1$5($+#*35(%$,#(*%/$*%%".&*5*%$*"$5(%(34"1D

4&)(3'"$5($ %&%'()*%$5($+("&32"#)*9:"$=<($!(#)&'()$*3,1&%(%$(%!*9"D

'()!"#*&%$!#(.&%*%$($*.<#*5*%$%"?#($<)$5('(#)&3*5"$2(3k)(3"/$3*'<#*1$

"<$*3'#"!"+`3&."/$ &35&.*)$<)$3"4"$.*)&3_"$!*#*$*$!(%=<&%*$.&(3l-.*$

%"?#($"$.")!1(o"/$4&'*1$($."3'()!"#~3("$'()*$5*$!"#"$%&'()*+.

H($2*'"/$(%'*$!(%=<&%*$!*#'($!*#*$<)*$!#"!"%&9:"$5($<)$3"4"$!*D

#*5&+)*$()$'(#)"%$5*$)<1A5&%.&!&3*#&5*5(/$"<$)(1_"#/$5*$'#*3%5&%.&!1&D

3*#&5*5($5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$!"&%$(3'(35(#/$ &5(3A-.*#/$ 1".*1&8*#$($5&)(3D

%&"3*#$"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$(o&+($<)*$*?"#5*+()$5&3~)&.*$($

'()!"#*1/$ 2*8(35"$ <%"$ 5*$)*&%$ *4*39*5*$ '(.3"1"+&*$ 5&%!"3F4(1$ 3"$)"D

)(3'"6$ U%'"$%($#(�('($3*$3(.(%%&5*5($5($<)$(%'<5"$*)!1"$($5('*1_*5"$

%"?#($"%$5*5"%$($)@'"5"%$5&%!"3F4(&%$=<($!(#)&'*)$*3,1&%(%$#,!&5*%$($

!#(.&%*%$%"?#($"$2(3k)(3"$*=<&$&5(3A-.*5"/$':"$&)!"#'*3'($=<*3'"$*'<*1$

para a sociedade brasileira.

W*%&.*)(3'(/$ (%'*$ !(%=<&%*$ *5"'"<$ <)$ ."3><3'"$ 5($ 5*5"%$ =<($

!(#)&A%%($"$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$5($<)*$3"4*$)('"5"1"+&*$!*#*$*$!(%=<&D

%*$%"?#($*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$3"$%()&D,#&5"$3"#5(%A3"/$*"$!#".(%%*#/$(o'#*&#$

Z] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

($.#<8*#$5*5"%$(%!(.'#*&%$ .*!'*5"%$!(1"%$ %(3%"#(%$ #()"'"%$*$?"#5"$5($

%*'@1&'(%$ 5($ "?%(#4*9:"$ 5*$ j(##*/$ .")$5*5"%$ 5($ %('"#(%$ .(3%&',#&"%$ #<D

#*&%$"#&<35"%$5"%$.(3%"%$5()"+#,-."%/$()$%@#&(%$ '()!"#*&%$."##(1*'*%/$

*?#*3+(35"$"$!(#F"5"$5($[b]b$*$gffc/$!*#*$*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"$(%."1_&5*T$

"%$%(&%$)<3&.F!&"%$)*&%$!#io&)"%$*"$1*+"$5*$R%&3*$n&5#(1@'#&.*$5($K&3+i/$

3"$W*&o"$d:"$M#*3.&%."6

S%%&)/$(%!(#*D%($."3'#&?<&#$.")$*%$5&4(#%*%$1&3_*%$5($!(%=<&%*$%"D

?#($"$'()*/$%()!#($5&3~)&."$($(4"1<A4"$%"?#($'"5"%$"%$*%!(.'"%/$%()$

querer com isso encerrar a discussão sobre os métodos de análise desta

,#(*$5"$."3_(.&)(3'"$(%!(.F-."/$)*%/$*3'(%/$'#*8(#$<)*$3"4*$4&%:"/$<)*$

*?"#5*+()$(%!*9"D'()!"#*1$.")$"$<%"$5*%$'(.3"1"+&*%$5*$+("&32"#)*D

9:"$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$=<($%($!"%%*$4&%1<)?#*#$<)$2<'<#"$)(1_"#$($)*&%$

promissor para o sertanejo de hoje e o de amanhã.

A seguir serão descritos e analisados detalhadamente os dados,

)*'(#&*&%/$)('"5"1"+&*$($#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%/$*1@)$5*$4*1&5*9:"$()$.*)D

po desta pesquisa.

H76-A(:"$/(/#

Z6g6[$H*5"%

U3&.&*1)(3'(/$<)*$4(8$ &5(3A-.*5*/$ .*#*.'(#&8*5*$($ 1".*1&8*5*$(%D

!*.&*1)(3'($*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$2"&$%"1&.&'*5"$*"$VGjBV;UOGB$"%$5*5"%$#(D

2(#(3'(%$E%$)@5&*%$)(3%*&%$!1<4&")@'#&.*%$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$3"$!(#F"5"$

5($[b\]$*$gffc/$."3%&5(#*35"$=<($*%$&)*+(3%$5&+&'*&%$5"%$%&%'()*%$I*35D

dSj$e$jh$($I*35dSj$\$Bjh�$%i$(%':"$5&%!"3F4(&%$3"$UOGB$*$!*#A#$5($[b]g6$

Para datas anteriores, há disponibilidade de imagens apenas em papel foD

'"+#,-."6$B%'*$!"%%&?&1&5*5($2"&$5(%.*#'*5*$5(4&5"$E%$!#(.,#&*%$."35&9C(%$

de recuperação dos dados espectrais quando em papel.

r%$ 5*5"%$ !1<4&")@'#&."%$ %:"$ &)!#(%.&35F4(&%$ !*#*$ <)*$ (%."1_*$

correta das imagens de satélite a serem posteriormente solicitadas, pois

*$#(%!"%'*$(%!(.'#*1$5*$4(+('*9:"$5($.**A3+*$'()$+#*35($4*#&*?&1&5*5($

.")$ *$ !#(%(39*$ 5($ ,+<*/$ 5(4&5"$ E%$ %<*%$ .*#*.'(#F%A.*%$ -%&"1i+&.*%$ 5($

*5*!'*9:"$E%$%(.*%6$r$+#,-."$(4&5(3.&*$"$#(+&)($&3."3%'*3'($5*%$._<4*%$

=<(/$*1&*5"$*"%$"<'#"%$2*'"#(%$5(%.#&'"%$3"$V*!F'<1"$g/$*<)(3'*$*$%<%.(!D

DESERTIFICAÇÃO: ANÁLISE E MAPEAMENTO 49

!"#$#%&%'()('*+,-+('(+(.+/,'01'/2'('34+"*'.#3'/2+(%+,(,+$+,(/+(,'3#5

6*#%+7(4+2'/.#&$#8&/%+(&,(.&9,&,(%&(%','*!:.&;-+<

=,,#37(&(',.+$>&(%&( .'/&( 2'*#&(09'( $'?&*('3(.+/,#%'*&;-+7(&$@3(

%&(4+9.&(.+"'*29*&(%'(/9?'/,(4&*&(93&(3'$>+*(#%'/!:.&;-+(%+,(&$?+,(

%'(#/2'*',,'(ABCDE(4&*&(2+%&(&(.'/&F7(93(.+/>'.#3'/2+(4*@?#+(%&,(.+/5

%#;G',(>H%*#.&,(%&(6*'&(%'(',29%+(4&*&(&(%&2&(%'(&09#,#;-+(%&,(#3&I'/,7(

?#,&/%+(93&(.+**'2&(#/2'*4*'2&;-+(4+,2'*#+*<(J(,#,2'3&(K&/%L=M(2'3(93&(

I*&%'(*'I9$&*(%'(#3&I'&3'/2+(%&(,94'*N.#'(2'**',2*'7(%':/#%&(4+*(.'/&,(

09'(,-+(#%'/!:.&%&,(4+*(O*"#2&('(4+/2+4(&(4&*!*(%&,(.++*%'/&%&,(I'+I*65

:.&,(%&(6*'&(%'(',29%+<

=,,#37(93&(?'8(.+/>'.#%&,(&,(.++*%'/&%&,(I'+I*6:.&,(%&(6*'&(%'(

',29%+(&(4&*!*(%&,(.&*2&,(&/&$OI#.&,(%+(P#/#,2@*#+(%+(QR@*.#2+STLU7(V+#(

#%'/!:.&%&(&(O*"#2&(WCX('(+(4+/2+(DYZ(4&*&(2+%&(&(6*'&(%'(',29%+('3(

[#/IO<

=4O,(4',09#,&(\9/2+(&+("&/.+(%'(#3&I'/,(K&/%L=M(%+(]^_QX7(?'*#:5

.+95,'(&(%#,4+/#"#$#%&%'(%'(%&2&,(4&*&(&(.'/&SO*"#2&(WCXSDYZ7(.+3(.+"'*5

29*&(%'(/9?'/,(BCDE(4&*&(2+%&(&(.'/&<

Q,.+$>'*&35,'7('/2-+7(&,(,'I9#/2',(%&2&,`

a(CCSDbScd(e(4+*(,'*(&(3&#,(&/!I&(%#,4+/H?'$('7('3"+*&(+(3f,(%'(

&09#,#;-+(*'I#,2*'(93(?+$93'(>H%*#.+(.+/,#%'*6?'$(ACgC7CZW33F7(

+",'*?&5,'(09'(&(&09#,#;-+(V+#(V'#2&(/&(4*#3'#*&(09#/8'/&(%+(3f,7(

*'h'!/%+7(&#/%&7(&,(.+/%#;G',(>H%*#.&,(%+(3f,(&/2'*#+*7(09'(V+*&(

%'(Cd7CCC33(e(93&(2&R&(&"&#R+(%&(3@%#&(+",'*?&%&(/+(4'*H+%+(

CdZc(e(WDDb(09'(V+#(%'(ZW7Dbb33i

a(DYSCDSdX(e(93&(%&2&( #/2'*.&$&%&('/2*'(&(3&#,(&/!I&('(&(3&#,(

*'.'/2'(AWDDbF('7(2&3"@37(4+*(',2&*(3&#,(4*OR#3&(%+(#/H.#+(%+(

3f,7(*'h'2'(.+/,#%'*&?'$3'/2'(&,(.+/%#;G',(>H%*#.&,(%+(3f,(&/5

2'*#+*(ACd7cXY33Fi('7

a(DXSDCSDb(e(%&2&(3&#,(*'.'/2'7(.+3("&#R&(4*'.#4#2&;-+(#/.$9,#?'(

/+(3f,(&/2'*#+*(AX7gDD33F<

4 Do inglês7(4&2>(S(*+j<X Consulta via('53&#$(ao sistema ATUS (Atendimento ao Usuário do INPE), disponível na

!"#$%"$#&"'&()#$&*+,-..///0)",$01%2&34$(('&$5&67.68.690

ef Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

j"5*%$*%$5*'*%$(%."1_&5*%$ #(�('()$!(#F"5"%$5($ .*#`3.&*$_F5#&.*/$

"35($*$4(+('*9:"$(%',$)*&%$4<13(#,4(1$E$5(+#*5*9:"6$r<'#"$2*'"#$5(.&%&4"$

!*#*$*$(%."1_*$5(%'*%$5*'*%$(%!(.F-.*%$%($#(2(#($E$=<*%($*<%`3.&*$5($."D

?(#'<#*$5($3<4(3%$3*%$&)*+(3%$a$."35&9:"$(%%(3.&*1$!*#*$<)$)(1_"#$#(D

%<1'*5"$3*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5"%$*14"%$5($&3'(#(%%($5*$!(%=<&%*6$U%'"$!(#)&A<$

"$(%'*?(1(.&)(3'"$5($!*#~)('#"%$.1&),A."%$)<&'"$%&)&1*#(%$!*#*$*%$#(%D

!"%'*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5"%$5&4(#%"%$*14"%$3*%$.(3*%$(%."1_&5*%$!*#*$"$(%'<5"6

Foram selecionadas as bandas espectrais que registram o espectro

5*$(3(#+&*$#(�(A5*/$&35"$5*$#(+&:"$5"$4&%F4(1$*"$&32#*4(#)(1_"$!#io&)"/$

!"&%$"%$*14"%$5($&3'(#(%%($5*$!(%=<&%*$'`)$+#*35($#(%!"%'*$(%!(.'#*1$3(%D

'*$2*&o*6$S%%&)/$2"#*)$!#".(%%*5*%$*%$?*35*%$5($[$*$e/$*1@)$5*$?*35*$\/$

para ambos os sensores TM e ETM+.

j"5*%$*%$&)*+(3%$2"#*)$2"#3(.&5*%$!(1"$UOGB$()$VHDQrh$.")$3FD

4(1$5($."##(9:"$[Y$LV*!F'<1"$c/$x<*5#"$gP6

R)*$4(8$=<($*%$.*#'*%$5"$h*!(*)(3'"$d&%'(),A."$5"$W#*%&1/$3*$

(%.*1*$5($[T[ff6fff/$3:"$."3'@)$"%$1&)&'(%$)<3&.&!*&%/$"$UWYB$a$H&4&%:"$

5($Y(".&`3.&*%$5($d*14*5"#;WS$a$ 2"#3(.(<$"%$*#=<&4"%$5&+&'*&%$5"%$ %(&%$

)<3&.F!&"%$(%."1_&5"%$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$)(5&*3'($%"1&.&'*9:"$!"#$(%.#&'"$

*"$i#+:"$!J?1&."6$ B%'(%$ 1&)&'(%$ %:"$ &)!#(%.&35F4(&%$ !*#*$ "$ #(."#'($ +("D

+#,-."$3*%$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'($"#&+&3*&%/$!"&%$(%'*%$&)*+(3%$."?#()$<)*$

,#(*$*!#"o&)*5*$5($[]e�)$o$[]e�)/$?()$)*&"#$=<($*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"6

Z6g6g$B=<&!*)(3'"%

M"&$<A1&8*5"$<)$)&.#".")!<'*5"#$A!"$3"'(?""�/$.")$)()i#&*$

QSh$5($e[g$h?/$.1".�$5($eff$h_8/$5#&4($VHDQp/$nH$gf$Y?6$j*)?@)$%($

<A1&8"<$<)$#(.(!'"#$YGd/$A!"$3*4(+*9:"/$.")$[g$.*3*&%$($<)*$.~)*#*$

2"'"+#,-.*$5&+&'*1$!*#*$"$#(+&%'#"$5*$4*1&5*9:"$5*$!(%=<&%*$()$.*)!"6

Z6g6c$G#"+#*)*%$V")!<'*.&"3*&%

r$%&%'()*$"!(#*.&"3*1$<A1&8*5"$()$'"5*%$*%$2*%(%$5*$!(%=<&%*$2"&$

o ,@Lh7"'4i2(RSSS(/.4;&2274"$0, com @&.C7%&(/$%j(NMS, fabricado pela

()!#(%*$3"#'(D*)(#&.*3*$h&.#"%"�$V"#!6$j*)?@)$2"&$<A1&8*5"$"$?*3."$


de dados MS-Acess, Versão 2000, e a planilha eletrônica MS-Excel, ambos

os programas do mesmo fabricante.

!"#"$%$&#%'())"*(+,%$-")$.*"/(+)$-($)",01.,($2%.$341.5"-%$%$&#%-

grama computacional Spring (Sistema para Processamento de Informa-

ções Georeferenciadas), Versão 6.3. Desenvolvido pelo INPE (2003), o

Spring$60$3*$7"+'%$-($-"-%)$/(%/#89'%)$-($:";$/(#"<=%>?$'%*$-.),#.73.-

ção gratuita pela Internet. Ainda segundo o INPE (2003), suas principais

'"#"',(#@)4'")?$.+-.)&(+)8A(.)$&"#"$%)$%7B(4A%)$-(),"$&()C3.)"?$)=%D

E$ 6F&(#"$ '%*%$3*$7"+'%$ -($ -"-%)$ /(%/#89'%$ )(*$ 2#%+,(.#")$ ($

suporta grande volume de dados (sem limitações de escala, pro-

B(<=%$($23)%G?$*"+,(+-%$"$.-(+4-"-($-%)$%7B(,%)$/(%/#89'%)$"%$

1%+/%$-($,%-%$7"+'%>H

E$ I-*.+.),#"$ ,"+,%$ -"-%)$ A(,%#.".)$ '%*%$ -"-%)$*",#.'.".)$ J6#")-

,(#>G?$($#("1.5"$"$.+,(/#"<=%$-($-"-%)$-($K(+)%#."*(+,%$L(*%,%$

+3*$KMNH

E$!#%AO$3*$"*7.(+,($-($,#"7"1P%$"*./8A(1$($&%-(#%)%?$",#"A0)$-"$

'%*7.+"<=%$-($*(+3)$($B"+(1")$'%*$3*"$1.+/3"/(*$()&"'."1$2"-

cilmente programável pelo usuário (LEGAL - Linguagem Espaço-

N(%/#89'"$7")("-"$(*$Q1/(7#"GH

E$R%+)(/3($()'"1%+"7.1.-"-($'%*&1(,"?$.),%$0?$)(#$'"&"5$-($%&(#"#$

'%*$ ,%-"$ )3"$ 23+'.%+"1.-"-($(*$"*7.(+,()$C3($A"#.(*$-()-($

micro-computadores a estações de trabalho RISC de alto desem-

&(+P%;>

!"#"$"$-./.,"1.5"<=%$-")$ '"#,")$+"$()'"1"$-($SDSTT;TTT?$ '#."<=%$($

(-.<=%$-($,%&%+@*.")$($'%+A(#)=%$-($2%#*",%)$A(,%#.".)$2%#"*$341.5"-%)$

os programas computacionais AutoCAD Map, Versão 2000i, e CAD Overlay,

Versão 2000i, ambos fabricados pela empresa norte-americana Autodesk,

Inc.

O AutoCAD$,(*$/#"+-($U(V.7.1.-"-($(*$-()(+P%$($(-.<=%$-($(+-

4-"-()$ A(,%#.".)?$ "10*$-($ &%-(#$ (V&%#,"#$ )(3)$ -"-%)$ (*$ 2%#*",%$WXY$

(Data Exchange BinaryG$Z(#)=%$LS:?$C3($&%-(*$)(#$ .*&%#,"-%)$&"#"$%$

"*7.(+,($-%$K&#.+/$)(*$&(#-"$-($-"-%);$I$A(#)=%$341.5"-"$.+'%#&%#"$'%-

*"+-%)$-($*"&("*(+,%?$1.*&(5"$-($-()(+P%$($(V,#"<=%$-($",#.73,%);$F$

eg Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

D5k(9C&.0$A$!(#)&'($!#".(%%*#$*%$&)*+(3%$(%.*3(#&8*5*%$5($<)*$2"#)*$

)*&%$(-.&(3'($($!#"5<A4*/$"!(#*35"$()$."3><3'"$.")$"$5184D5k(,$-.

H7B-A":+!+.+D/(

Z6c6[$j#*'*)(3'"$5"%$H*5"%

U3&.&*1)(3'(/$<A1&8"<D%($"$hi5<1"$UhGUhS/$5"$d!#&3+/$!*#*$*$."3D

4(#%:"$5"%$*#=<&4"%$5&+&'*&%$5*%$&)*+(3%$5($%*'@1&'($5"$2"#)*'"$"#&+&3*1$

YBrjUMM$!*#*$"$2"#)*'"$5($"!(#*9:"$5"$d!#&3+$LYQUWP/$!*#*$!"%'(#&"#$#(D

gistro e processamento.

S%$ .*#'*%$ 5"$ h*!(*)(3'"$ d&%'(),A."$ 5"$ W#*%&1/$ 3*$ (%.*1*$ 5($

[T[ff6fff$2"#*)$#*%'(#&8*5*%/$&%'"$@/$."34(#A5*%$!*#*$<)$2"#)*'"$5($&)*D

+()$5&+&'*1/$<A1&8*35"D%($<)$(=<&!*)(3'"$i!A."D(1('#k3&."$Ly%.*33(#z$

5($+#*35($ 2"#)*'"P/$!*#*$!"%'(#&"#$+("##(2(#(3.&*)(3'"$($5&+&'*1&8*9:"$

no programa 5184D5k(,$-6$r%$*#=<&4"%$2"#*)$+(#*5"%$()$2"#)*'"$jUMM/$

()$'"3%$5($.&38*/$.")$#(%"1<9:"$i!A.*$5($cff$!"3'"%$!"#$!"1(+*5*6

S$)*1_*$5($%('"#(%$.(3%&',#&"%$#<#*&%$5"$UWYB$2"&$."34(#A5*$!*#*$

"$2"#)*'"$3*A4"$5"$S<'"VSH/$"$HpY/$(/$5(!"&%$%<*$+(")('#&*/$"#&+&3*1D

)(3'($()$!#">(9:"$+("+#,-.*/$2"&$'#*3%2"#)*5*$!*#*$<)*$!#">(9:"$Rjh/$

M<%"$gZ/$."32"#)($"%$!*#~)('#"%$"-.&*&%$5"$dYW6

r%$5*5"%$5(%.#&A4"%$5"$V(3%"$H()"+#,-."$5($gfff/$"#&+&3*1)(3D

'($5&%!"3F4(&%$()$!1*3&1_*%$(1('#k3&.*%/$2"#*)$."34(#A5"%$!*#*$<)$?*3."$

de dados no formato ,@L5%&22, Versão 2000.

Z6c6g$G#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$H*5"%

S$M&+<#*$c$&1<%'#*$<)$�<o"+#*)*$+(#*1$<A1&8*5"$!*#*$*$)('"5"1"+&*$

5($!#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$5*5"%/$!#".(%%"%$($%<.(%%&4"%$#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%6

S!i%$ *$ %(1(9:"$ 5*%$ &)*+(3%$ I*35dSj$ ($ ."34(#%:"$ 5"%$ *#=<&4"%$

5&+&'*&%$ !*#*$"$ 2"#)*'"$YQUW/$ "$ !#&)(&#"$!*%%"$ 2"&$ 5(-3&#$ <)$(%=<()*$

conceitual no Spring/$(%'*?(1(.(35"D%(/$*5(=<*5*)(3'(/$<)$Banco, um

Projeto, as Categorias e os Planos de Informações adequadamente.

Um Banco no Spring$5(-3($<)$*)?&(3'($!*#*$*#)*8(3*#$5*5"%$

+("+#,-."%/$%()$(%'*#$4&3.<1*5"$*$<)*$,#(*$(%!(.F-.*$L%()(1_*3'($*$<)$

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ec

%&%'()*$ 5($ *#=<&4"%$ ."34(3.&"3*1$ a$ <)$5(!i%&'"$ 5($ 5*5"%P6$r$ <%<,#&"$

!"5($5(-3&#$4,#&"%$?*3."%/$)*%$%")(3'($<)$!"5($(%'*#$*A4"$()$<)*$

%(%%:"$5($'#*?*1_"6$r$?*3."$5($5*5"%$*#)*8(3*$'"5*%$*%$5(-3&9C(%$5($

.*'(+"#&*%$5($5*5"%/$=<($*#)*8(3*#:"$*"%$5&4(#%"%$A!"%$5($)*!*%/$($=<($

!"#$ %<*$ 4(8$ %:"$ ."3%A'<F5*%$ 5*%$ (3A5*5(%$?,%&.*%$ +("D"?>('"%^ e geoD

D.*)!"%\. Um banco pode conter um ou mais projetos, o que permite

"#+*3&8*#$"%$5*5"%$!"#$,#(*$+("+#,-.*6$ M&%&.*)(3'($(%'($?*3."$."##(%D

!"35($*$<)$5&#('i#&"$L!*%'*P$3"$%&%'()*$5($*#=<&4"%$5"$.")!<'*5"#6$G"#$

(o()!1"/$<)$?*3."$._*)*5"$yK&3+"z/$!"5(#&*$(%'*#$*#=<&4*5"$3<)$5&%."$

#F+&5"$5($<)$)&.#".")!<'*5"#$()T$DFl,&28.$'4lm7"64.

Um Projeto$5(3'#"$5($<)$?*3."$!(#)&'($(%!(.&-.*#$(o*'*)(3'($"$

(%!*9"$+("+#,-."$5*$,#(*$5($'#*?*1_"/$($@$"35($%(#:"$&3%(#&5"%$"%$5&4(#D

%"%$)*!*%$LG1*3"%$5($U32"#)*9C(%P$5(%'*$,#(*$L2&*&0#$"8&($(1*$(6$C&8$(

'&(2728&*$('&($.^17C42(%4"C&"%74"$0(n(%$'$(6$C&8$(%4"8a*('$'42('&(1*$(

'&8&.*7"$'$(o.&$P6$V*5*$G#">('"$!"%%<&$*&35*$!#"!#&(5*5(%$.*#'"+#,-.*%$

(-.4P&Z\4, datum/$('.P$!#@D5(-3&5*%$!(1"$<%<,#&"/$=<($%:"$_(#5*5*%$!(1*%$

&32"#)*9C(%$."3A5*%$3(%'($!#">('"6$d")(3'($<)$G#">('"$!"5($(%'*#$*A4"$

em uma sessão de trabalho. Fisicamente um projeto corresponde a um

%<?D5&#('i#&"$L!*%'*P$3"$%&%'()*$5($*#=<&4"%$5"$.")!<'*5"#/$5(?*&o"$5"$

5&#('i#&"$5($<)$?*3."6$G"#$(o()!1"/$<)$!#">('"$._*)*5"$yH(%(#A-.*D

.*"z/$5"$?*3."$yK&3+"z/$!"5(#&*$(%'*#$()$DFl,&28.$'4lm7"64lk&2&.+K%$-

cao.

As Categorias$5($<)$W*3."$5($H*5"%$(%':"$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$=<*1D

=<(#$G#">('"$5(3'#"$5(%'($?*3."6$R)$?*3."$!"5($."3'(#$4,#&*%$.*'(+"D

#&*%6$ B%'*%$ .*'(+"#&*%$ !(#)&'()$"#+*3&8*#$ "%$ 5*5"%$ ()$A!"%$ L)"5(1"%P$

5&2(#(3'(%/$%()(1_*3'($E%$-._*%$5($<)*$+*4('*$5($%&%'()*$5($*#=<&4"%$

."34(3.&"3*1/$"#+*3&8*5*%$!"#$1('#*%$a$.*5*$1('#*$#(!#(%(3'*$<)$A!"$5($

5*5"$5($<)*$5('(#)&3*5*$,#(*6$r%$A!"%$5($.*'(+"#&*%$5&%!"3F4(&%$%:"T$

j(),A."/$ U)*+()/$ O<)@#&."/$ V*5*%'#*1/$ Q(5(%$ ($ r?>('"%/$ !"5(35"D%($

^ pJ&-.&2&"8$*(&0&*&"842(X"7%42(^1&(-4221&*($8.7?1842('&2%.7+C42(&(&28\4($224%7$'42($(*X0+-0$2( 04%$07:$Z[&2( 6&46.oK%$2qO( -4.( &W&*-04O(*$-$2( %$'$28.$72( &( '&( .&'&2( GB=/!O(RSSHIM\ pJ&-.&2&"8$*($('728.7?17Z\4(&2-$%7$0('&(1*$(C$.7oC&0(^1&(-42217(C$04.&2(&*(84'42(42(-4"842(-&.8&"%&"8&2($(1*$(.&67\4(6&46.oK%$qO(-4.(&W&*-04O(7*$6&"2(&(*$-$2(8&*o+%42(GB=/!O(RSSHIM

eZ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

5(-3&#$<)*$"<$)*&%$5"$)(%)"$)"5(1"/$)*%$.")$3")(%$5&%A3'"%$!*#*$

diferenciar a aplicação. Por exemplo, uma categoria para Solos e outra

!*#*$7(+('*9:"/$%(35"$*)?*%$5"$)"5(1"$j(),A."6

S$.*'(+"#&*$5"$)"5(1"$j(),A."$!"5($%(#$(%!(.&*1&8*5*$()$V1*%%(%$

j(),A.*%/$!"#$(o()!1"/$*%$.1*%%(%$5($<)$)*!*$5($d"1"%/$%(35"$*%%".&*5"$

*$.*5*$.1*%%($<)$4&%<*1$+#,-."$5&2(#(3'(6$r%$5*5"%$5(%'($)"5(1"$!"5()$

%(#$#(!#(%(3'*5"%$3*$2"#)*$)*'#&.&*1$"<$4('"#&*16

S$ .*'(+"#&*$ U)*+()$ !(#)&'($ *#)*8(3*#$ =<*1=<(#$ &)*+()$ "?AD

da por sensores remotos (fotos aéreas ou orbitais) ou ainda imagens de

)"5(1"%$3<)@#&."%6$d")(3'($*$#(!#(%(3'*9:"$)*'#&.&*1$@$!"%%F4(1$3(%'($

modelo.

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ee

M&+<#*$c$a$M1<o"+#*)*$+(#*1$5*$)('"5"1"+&*$<A1&8*5*$3*$!(%=<&%*6

S$.*'(+"#&*$O<)@#&."$@$<A1&8*5*$!*#*$*#)*8(3*)(3'"$5($)"5(1"%$

3<)@#&."%$5($'(##(3"$L5*5"%$5($*1A)('#&*/$+("D0%&.*/$+("D=<F)&.*$('.6P/$

=<($!"5()$%(#$#(!#(%(3'*5"%$3*$2"#)*$)*'#&.&*1$"<$4('"#&*16

S%$.*'(+"#&*%$V*5*%'#*1$($Q(5(%$!(#)&'()$(%!(.&*1&8*#$"?>('"%6$r%$

"?>('"%$5($<)*$.*'(+"#&*$5"$A!"$r?>('"$%:"$J3&."%$($'`)$*'#&?<'"%$()$

'*?(1*%$(%!(.F-.*%/$!"5(35"$(%'*#$#(!#(%(3'*5"%$()$5&4(#%*%$(%.*1*%/$()$

e^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

diferentes categorias cadastrais ou de redes. A forma de representação

5"%$"?>('"%$@$4('"#&*16$S$.*'(+"#&*$V*5*%'#*1$@$<A1&8*5*$!*#*$#(!#(%(3'*#$

objetos na forma de pontos, linhas ou polígonos, por exemplo, um mapa

cadastral de lotes urbanos. Já a categoria Redes trabalha somente com

objetos na forma de nós e linhas, por exemplo, um mapa de redes de

(1('#&-.*9:"6

Um Plano de Informação$ LGUP$5(4($!(#'(3.(#$*$<)*$J3&.*$V*'(D

+"#&*$5"$?*3."/$(3'#('*3'"$!"5()$(o&%A#$4,#&"%$G1*3"%$5($ U32"#)*9C(%$

5($<)*$)(%)*$V*'(+"#&*$()$<)$?*3."6$G"#$(o()!1"/$5"&%$GUq%$5($5*'*%$

5&2(#(3'(%$5($<%"$5*$j(##*/$!"#@)$5*$)(%)*$V*'(+"#&*$'(),A.*6

d")(3'($<)$GU$!"5($(%'*#$*A4"$!*#*$(o(.<'*#$=<*1=<(#$"!(#*9:"$

%"?#($"$)(%)"6$M&%&.*)(3'($<)$GU$."##(%!"35($*$<)$*#=<&4"$3"$%&%'()*$

5($*#=<&4"%$5"$.")!<'*5"#/$5(?*&o"$5"$%<?D5&#('i#&"$5"$!#">('"$($5&#('iD

#&"$5($<)$?*3."6$G"#$(o()!1"/$<)$GU$5($yI&)&'(%�h<3&.&!*&%z$L7ffff[\6

1&3$a$3")($5"$*#=<&4"$2"#3(.&5"$!(1"$%&%'()*P$5"$!#">('"$._*)*5"$yH(D

%(#A-.*.*"z/$5"$?*3."$yK&3+"z/$!"5(#&*$(%'*#$()$DFl,&28.$'4lm7"64lk&-

2&.+K%$%$4lrSSSSH`M07".

Desta maneira, foi estabelecido o seguinte modelo conceitual para

o SpringT

�$W*3."T$K&3+"

�$G#">('"T$H(%(#A-.*.*"]

!$G#">(9:"T$Rjh;dSHD^b

�$V*'(+"#&*%T

!$S3*1&%(%$L'(),A.*P

!$W*%(�h*'#&.&*1$L&)*+()P

!$W*%(�7('"#&*1$L.*5*%'#*1P

!$V1*%%&-.*."(%$L'(),A."P

�$G1*3"%$5($U32"#)*9:"$LGUq%PT

!$H(%(#A-.*.*"

!$L5&4(#%*%$&)*+(3%$5<#*3'($"$GHUP

! Limites_Municipais

!$V1*%%d<!�[b]b

] 9-841L2&(-&04( 84-s"7*4(2&*(%&'70#$(&($%&"84(-$.$(&C78$.( %4"t7842( ;181.42(&*(418.42(sistemas operacionais.

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$e\

!$V1*%%d<!�[bbe

! ClassSup_2003

Ao iniciar o processamento das imagens orbitais no programa

computacional Spring/$<A1&8*#*)D%($j#*3%2"#)*9C(%$G"1&3")&*&%$($2"&$#(*D

1&8*5"$"$#(+&%'#"$"<$+("##(2(#(3.&*)(3'"$5*%$&)*+(3%$"#&+&3*&%/$&%'"$@/$(%D

'*?(1(.(<D%($<)*$#(1*9:"$(3'#($.""#5(3*5*%$5*$&)*+()$($.""#5(3*5*%$

+("+#,-.*%/$.<>"%$!"3'"%$5($."3'#"1($2"#*)$"?A5"%$*$!*#A#$5($.""#5(3*D

5*%$#(A#*5*%$5*%$.*#'*%$*3*1i+&.*%$5"$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$Bo@#.&'"/$3*$(%.*1*$5($

[T[ff6fff/$"?%(#4*35"$!"3'"%$3"',4(&%$3*%$&)*+(3%$($!#".<#*35"$5(-3&#$

uma distribuição mais uniforme e concentrada na área de estudo.

O"$ '"'*1/$ 2"#*)$ &3%(#&5"%$ [\$ !"3'"%/$ %(35"$ ."3%&5(#*5"%$ "%$ [f$

)(1_"#(%$()$'(#)"%$5($(##"$%&%'(),A."6$O(%'($!#".(%%"/$"$%&%'()*$!(#D

)&'(/$%&)<1'*3(*)(3'($*"$#(+&%'#"/$<)*$V"##(9:"$Y(")@'#&.*$4&%*35"$*$

(1&)&3*9:"$5($(##"%$+(")@'#&."%$%&%'(),A."%$L#"'*9:"$5*$j(##*$a$y%�(�z/$

5&%'"#9C(%$!*3"#~)&.*%$a$.")!#(%%:"/$.<#4*'<#*$5*$j(##*$a$.")!#(%%:"/$

*##*%'*)(3'"$5*$&)*+()$5<#*3'($<)*$4*##(5<#*/$4*#&*9C(%$5($*1A'<5(/$

*A'<5($($4(1".&5*5($5"$%*'@1&'(P6$RA1&8"<D%($"$&3'(#!"1*5"#$7&8&3_"$�$G#iD

o&)"/$!"&%$(%'($!(#)&'($<)$!#".(%%*)(3'"$)*&%$#,!&5"$($3:"$.#&*$3"4"%$

4*1"#(%$5($OV$LVQvdjS/$[bbcP6

r$ QhdB$ 3"%$ GVq%/$ "?A5"%$ *$ !*#A#$ 5($ .*#'*%$ 5"$hdW/$ 3*$ (%.*1*$

[T[ff6fff/$2"&$5($[/g][!&o(1$=<(/$*"$)<1A!1&.,D1"$!(1*$#(%"1<9:"$(%!*.&*1$

5*$&)*+()$)<1AD(%!(.'#*1$I*35dSj$Bjh�$Lcf)P/$"?'(4(D%($<)$QhdB$5($

c]/Zc)6$B%'($(##"$@$*5)&%%F4(1$."3%&5(#*35"$"$GBV/$=<($*.(&'*$f/e))$5($

(##"$3*$(%.*1*$5($'#*?*1_"$L[T[ff6fffP6

S%%&)/$<)*$4(8$+("##(2(#(3.&*5*%$ '"5*%$*%$ .(3*%/$ %<*%$ #(%!(.AD

4*%$?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$2"#*)$&)!"#'*5*%$!*#*$"%$5(4&5"%$GUq%/$5(3'#"$5"$

Spring.

r$!*%%"$%(+<&3'($2"&$*$&)!"#'*9:"$4('"#&*1$5"$1&)&'($5*$,#(*$5($(%D

tudo. Antes, no 5184D5k(,$-/$2"&$#(*1&8*5*$<)*$1&)!(8*$5($5(%(3_"$L()$

&3+1`%/$y5#*�&3+$.1(*3D<!zP$3"%$*#=<&4"%$.(5&5"%$!(1"$UWYB;HUYBrDd*14*D

5"#/$"?>(A4*35"D%($*$(1&)&3*9:"$5($(##"%$5($5(%(3_"$($"$2(._*)(3'"$5($

!"1F+"3"%m$5(!"&%/$2"&$.#&*5*$<)*$'"!"1"+&*$5($!"1F+"3"%/$<A1&8*35"D%($"%$

!"1F+"3"%$5(-3&5"#(%$5"%$1&)&'(%$)<3&.&!*&%m$3*$%(={`3.&*/$<)*$"!(#*9:"$

5($5&%%"1<9:"$5($'"!"1"+&*$.#&"</$-3*1)(3'(/$<)$J3&."$!"1F+"3"$5(-3&5"#$

e] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$><3'*35"$"%$%(&%$)<3&.F!&"%$()$(%'<5"/$#(."#'*35"$*%$

.(3*%$"#&+&3*&%6$S%%&)/$*"$5&%.#(A8*#$"%$5*5"%$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$"?'(4(D

%($<)*$5&)&3<&9:"$."3%&5(#,4(1$5"$(%!*9"$()$5&%."$".<!*5"$!(1"%$*#=<&D

4"%$5($&)*+(3%$(/$."3%(=<(3'()(3'(/$5"$'()!"$5($!#".(%%*)(3'"$!*#*$

todas as fases da pesquisa.

R)*$4(8$=<($*%$&)*+(3%$(%'*4*)$+("##(2(#(3.&*5*%$($#(."#'*5*%/$

&3&.&*#*)D%($*%$'@.3&.*%$5($GHU/$4&%*35"$*$)(1_"#&*$5*$=<*1&5*5($4&%<*1$5*%$

&)*+(3%$($*$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$(%!(.F-.*%$5($&3'(#(%%($5*$!(%=<&%*6$

M"#*)$'(%'*5*%$5&4(#%*%$'@.3&.*%$.")$"$&3'<&'"$5($*4*1&*#$*$*!1&.*?&1&5*5($

3*$ &5(3A-.*9:"$5*%$ ,#(*%$ 5(+#*5*5*%$ ($ !*%%F4(&%$ 5($ 5(%(#A-.*9:"6$S%$

técnicas que apresentaram melhores resultados foram selecionadas para

.")!"#$<)*$*3,1&%($(%!*.&*1$#(*1&8*5*$3<)*$1&3+<*+()$5($!#"+#*)*9:"$

de álgebra espacial que, junto com os dados censitários, pudesse caracteD

#&8*#$.&(3A-.*)(3'($($1".*1&8*#$(%!*.&*1)(3'($*$"."##`3.&*$5"%$!#".(%%"%$

5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$()$K&3+i6

H&4(#%*%$.")?&3*9C(%$5($?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$2"#*)$'(%'*5*%/$%(35"$

=<($*%$=<($*!#(%(3'*#*)$)(1_"#(%$ #(%<1'*5"%$ LVQvdjS/$[bbcm$ NBOdBO/$

[bbbm$�S�hUBQV�S�/$[bb^m$hSIHrOSHr/$gff[P$2"#*)T

�$QYW$cg[$a$V"#$O*'<#*1T$'#*8$&32"#)*9C(%$5*$2*&o*$5"$4&%F4(1/$&5(*1$

!*#*$*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5($,#(*%$<#?*3*%$($."3'#*%'($(3'#($A!"%$5($

4(+('*9:"m

�$QYW$eZc$a$M*1%*$V"#T$'#*8$&32"#)*9C(%$5"$&32#*D4(#)(1_"$!#io&)"$

L?*35*$eP/$&5(*1$!*#*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5($(%'#(%%($_F5#&."$5*$4(+('*D

ção, uso e cobertura do solo.

r$!#&)(&#"$."3><3'"$5($ '@.3&.*%$<A1&8*5"$#(2(#(D%($*"$Q(*1.($5($

V"3'#*%'(6$d(+<35"$VQvdjS$L[bbcP/$"$"?>(A4"$5(%'*%$'@.3&.*%$@$)(1_"#*#$

*$=<*1&5*5($4&%<*1$5*%$ &)*+(3%$!*#*$<)*$!"%'(#&"#$ &3'(#!#('*9:"$($(3D

2*A8*#$*1+<)*$.*#*.'(#F%A.*$5($&3'(#(%%($!*#*$<)*$*!1&.*9:"$(%!(.F-.*6$

O"$.*%"/$"%$*14"%$5($&3'(#(%%($%:"/$?*%&.*)(3'(/$4(+('*9:"$3*A4*/$!*%'";

.<1'<#*$*+#F."1*/$%"1"$(o!"%'"/$."#!"%$5q,+<*$($,#(*$<#?*3*6

S%$'@.3&.*%$5($#(*1.($'(%'*5*%$2"#*)T

�$h*3&!<1*9:"$5($n&%'"+#*)*

! Linear

!$B=<*1&8*9:"

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$eb

�$M&1'#*+()$I&3(*#

! Realce de Imagem TM

!$M&1'#"$5($G*%%*DS1'*

A manipulação Linear$5($_&%'"+#*)*$@$5(-3&5*$!"#$<)*$2<39:"$5($

'#*3%2(#`3.&*$1&3(*#/$"35($X$�$2LoP6$S%%&)/$=<*3'"$)*&"#$@$*$&3.1&3*9:"$5*$

#('*$3"$_&%'"+#*)*$5($2#(={`3.&*%/$)*&"#$%(#,$"$#(*1.($5*$&)*+()$LVQvdD

TA, 1993; MOREIRA, 2003). A forma do histograma da imagem realçada

@$*$)(%)*$5*$&)*+()$"#&+&3*1/$!"&%$.*5*$?*##*$5"$_&%'"+#*)*$."3A3<*$

tendo a mesma altura, porém em uma posição diferente.

A Equalização$5($_&%'"+#*)*%$'()$!"#$"?>(A4"$)"5&-.*#$"$_&%'"D

grama da imagem original de tal forma que a imagem transformada teD

3_*$<)$_&%'"+#*)*$<3&2"#)(6$S%%&)/$'"5"%$"%$3F4(&%$5($.&38*$LOVP$5(4()$

*!*#(.(#$.")$*$)(%)*$2#(={`3.&*6$r$!#"?1()*$3(%'*$ '@.3&.*$@$=<($"%$

OVq%$%:"$*1'(#*5"%/$!"5(35"$%<#+&#$2*1%"%$."3'"#3"%$5(4&5"$E$#(5<9:"$5*$

4*#&~3.&*$(%!(.'#*16

S$ -1'#*+()$ 1&3(*#$ .")$I"(.'"- !"- J0(D"0- @A$ '()$ !"#$ "?>(A4"$

.")!(3%*#$ 5&%'"#9C(%$ #*5&")@'#&.*%$ !#i!#&*%$ 5"$ %(3%"#$ jh$ LWSOrO$�$

WSQQBUQS/$[bbZP6$R)*$)*'#&8$5($#(*1.($1&3(*#$@$*!1&.*5*$3*$&)*+()$"#&+&D

3*1/$#(%<1'*35"$3<)*$)(1_"#&*$4&%<*1$5"%$*14"%$5($&3'(#(%%(6

H($<)*$)*3(&#*$()$+(#*1/$"%$-1'#"%$'`)$!"#$"?>(A4"$'"#3*#$)*&%$

3FA5*$*$'#*3%&9:"$(3'#($#(+&C(%$5&2(#(3'(%$L?"#5*%P$3*$ &)*+()$LWSOrO$

�$ WSQQBUQS/$ [bbZP6$ S%%&)/$ '(%'*35"$ (%'*$ '@.3&.*/$ <A1&8"<D%($ <)$ Filtro

de Passa-Alta$ .")$<)*$)*'#&8$ 3:"D5&#(.&"3*1$ 5($?"#5*6$ B3'#('*3'"/$ "%$

#(%<1'*5"%$ "?A5"%$ 3:"$ '#"<o(#*)$ +#*35($ ."3'#&?<&9:"$ 3*$ &5(3A-.*9:"$

5"%$*14"%/$(o.('"$3*$5('(.9:"$5*%$)*#+(3%$5"$#&"$d:"$M#*3.&%."$L'#*3%&9:"$

,+<*$a$%"1"P/$!"&%$3(%'*$#(+&:"$"$#&"$(%',$&3%(#&5"$3<)$.~3&"3$+("1i+&."6

H*%$'@.3&.*%$5($#(*1.($5($&)*+()$'(%'*5*%/$."3.1<&D%($=<(/$!*#*$(%'*$

pesquisa, o realce linear de histograma apresentou os melhores resultados

3*$)(1_"#&*$5*$=<*1&5*5($4&%<*1$5*%$&)*+(3%$($3*$5&%A39:"$(3'#($"%$*14"%$

3*'<#*&%$($*3'#i!&."%/$*1@)$5($3:"$)"5&-.*#$"%$4*1"#(%$(%!(.'#*&%$"#&+&3*&%6

S$%(+<&#$2"#*)$'(%'*5*%$($*4*1&*5*%$*%$'@.3&.*%$5($GHU$#(2(#(3'(%$E%$

j#*3%2"#)*9C(%$h<1A(%!(.'#*&%/$"?>(A4*35"D%($<)*$*4*1&*9:"$(%!(.'#"D

D'()!"#*1$5($&)*+(3%$."D#(+&%'#*5*%9.

9 k&(1*$(*&2*$(04%$07:$Z\4(6&46.oK%$O(-4.a*('&(a-4%$2('72+"8$2M

^f Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

S%$'@.3&.*%$*4*1&*5*%$2"#*)T

�$Q*8:"$(3'#($?*35*%

�$V")!"3(3'(%$G#&3.&!*&%

�$j#*3%2"#)*9:"$QYW$�$Und

Foram testadas três técnicas de razão entre bandasT$*$!#&)(&#*$"?D

>(A4"<$*$5('(.9:"$5($."#!"%$5q,+<*/$*$%(+<35*/$*$!#(%(39*$5($4(+('*9:"/$

($ *$ '(#.(&#*/$ *$)<5*39*$5($ ."?(#'<#*$ 4(+('*1$ (3'#($"%$ *3"%$5($[b]b$($

2003. Como a água limpa e profunda tem grande absorção nas bandas TM

g$($jh$e/$*$#*8:"$*#&')@A.*$(3'#($(%'*%$?*35*%$5&)&3<&$"%$OVq%$5(%'($*14"/$

(4&5(3.&*35"$%<*$!#(%(39*$3*$&)*+()$#(%<1'*3'($LM&+<#*$ZP6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$^[

M&+<#*$Z$a$Q*8:"$(3'#($*%$?*35*%$jh$g$($jh$e$!*#*$5('(.9:"$5($."#!"%$5q,+<*T$(o.(1(3'(%$#(%<1'*5"%$.")$*$!(#2(&'*$&5(3A-.*9:"$5"$1(&'"$5"$#&"$d:"$M#*3.&%."$($"<'#"%$!(=<(3"%$."#!"%$5q,+<*$L()$?#*3."Pm$*"$*1'"$E$(%=<(#5*/$*$?*35*$jh$g$"#&+&3*1m$*"$*1'"$E$5&#(&'*/$*$?*35*$jh$e$"#&+&3*1m$3*$-+<#*$)*&"#/$*$&)*+()$#(%<1D

'*3'($LH*'*T$[[;fc;]bP6

R)*$ 5*%$)*&%$ &)!"#'*3'(%$ '@.3&.*%$ 5($ '#*3%2"#)*9C(%$)<1A(%D

!(.'#*&%$!*#*$5('(.9:"$5($)<5*39*$5($4(+('*9:"$@$"$OH7U6$j#*'*D%($5($

<)*$#*8:"$(3'#($?*35*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5($*1'*$."##(1*9:"$(3'#($%&/$<)*$"!(#*D

9:"$*#&')@A.*$=<($#(*19*$"%$*14"%$5($&3'(#(%%(/$3"$.*%"/$*$4(+('*9:"$L�SdD

hUBQV�S�/$[bb^m$rIU7BUQS$et alli, 2003). Com a aplicação desta técnica,

'()D%($<)$*<)(3'"$5($."3'#*%'($(3'#($%"1"$($4(+('*9:"/$*1@)$5"%$(2(&'"%$

5($&1<)&3*9:"/$5(.1&4&5*5($5*$%<!(#0.&($($+(")('#&*$5($4&%*5*$5"$%(3%"#$

serem parcialmente compensados.

$

!

^g Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

d(+<35"$�SdhUBQV�S�$L[bb^P$($VrdjS$et alli (2001), a equação

5"$OH7U$@T

=krB(u(G),v(n(),cI(Q(G),v(b(),cI,

Na equação acima, TM representa uma determinada banda especD

'#*1$5"$%&%'()*$I*35dSj6$G*#*$*$?*35*$jh$c$L#(+&:"$5"$4(#)(1_"P/$*$4(+(D

'*9:"$4(#5(/$5(3%*$($<3&2"#)($-.*$(%.<#*6$G"#$"<'#"$1*5"/$!*#*$*$?*35*$

jh$Z/$"%$."#!"%$5q,+<*$-.*)$(%.<#"%$($*$4(+('*9:"$4(#5(/$5(3%*$($<3&D

2"#)($-.*$.1*#*6$H&%'"$#(%<1'*$<)*$3"4*$?*35*$(%!(.'#*1/$#(!#(%(3'*35"$

*$#*8:"$(3'#($*%$?*35*%$"#&+&3*&%/$"35($*%$,#(*%$.1*#*%$&35&.*)$*$!#(%(39*$

5($4(+('*9:"$($*%$,#(*%$(%.<#*%/$%<*$*<%`3.&*$3<)*$)(%)*$5*'*6

S%$?*35*%$OH7U$5($[b]b$($gffc$2"#*)/$(3':"/$<A1&8*5*%$.")$"$"?D

>(A4"$5($5('(.'*#$)<5*39*%$5($!*5#:"$5*$."?(#'<#*$5"$%"1"$3"$!(#F"5"6$

S$'@.3&.*$'()$*%$%(+<&3'(%$('*!*%$LVQvdjS/$[bbcm$hrQBUQS/$gffcPT

�$ r?'(39:"$ 5*%$ (%'*l%A.*%$ 5*$ &)*+()/$ '")*35"D%($ *$ ?*35*$ OH7U$

[b]b$.")"$#(2(#`3.&*/$!*#*$)"5&-.*#$*$?*35*$OH7U$gffc;

�$V,1.<1"$5($+*3_"$($"�%('$!*#*$&+<*1*#$)@5&*$5"%$OVq%$($4*#&~3.&*$

5*%$#(%!(.A4*%$?*35*%T

!$OH7U$[b]b$a$h@5&*$�$[Z[/[ce]!$OH7U$gffc$a$h@5&*T$*3'(%$�$[b[/\]Z]m$5(!"&%$�$[Z[/Zc[e (½)

�$Y*3_"$�$L7[b]b;7gffcP

�$r�%('$�$h[b]b$a$+*3_"$o$hgffc

�$U+<*1*#$)@5&*$($4*#&~3.&*T$OH7UDgffc�&+<*1$�$+*3_"$o$OH7U�VI�$

[b]b�"�%('

�$Q*8:"$(3'#($*%$?*35*%$[b]b;gffc

�$Q(*1.($5($V"3'#*%'(

S"$#(*1&8*#$*$ #*8:"$(3'#($*%$?*35*%$OH7U$5($[b]b$($gffc/$*3'(%$

&+<*1*35"$*$)@5&*$($*$4*#&~3.&*/$#(%<1'*$3<)*$3"4*$?*35*$(%!(.'#*1$=<($

&5(3A-.*$*%$,#(*%$"35($_"<4($!(#5*$5($4(+('*9:"$3"$!(#F"5"$"?%(#4*5"6$

Para melhorar a qualidade da imagem resultante, foi feita uma composiD

9:"$()$!%(<5"D."1"#$.")$2*A*)(3'"$()$*#."DF#&%6

S$%(+<35*$'@.3&.*$5($j#*3%2"#)*9C(%$h<1A(%!(.'#*&%$()$GHU$*4*D

liada foi a de CP. Segundo FONSECA (2000), esta técnica está baseada


!"#$%&'%&()*"*)#$)#+",#-."#$*"$(/"0)/1$"'$.'!+&2&('$*"#$"!+)&('&)#$34)$

)#+5'$64!*"/)!+"*"#$!"#$."&".+)&7#-."#$8#(."#$*"$.)!"$)$!"$)9%)&(:!.("$

*'$4#42&(';$<$34)#+5'$=$34)$"#$>"!*"#$)#%).+&"(#$*)$4/"$(/"0)/$#5'1$

0)&"?/)!+)1$"?+"/)!+)$.'&&)?".('!"*"#;$@#+'$#)$*)A)1$%&(!.(%"?/)!+)1$"'$

#'/>&)"/)!+'$&)#4?+"!+)$*"$+'%'0&"B"$*'$+)&&)!'1$#'>&)%'#(C5'$)#%).-

+&"?$'4$>"(9"$&)D).+E!.("$*)$4/$*)+)&/(!"*'$"?A'$!4/"$6"(9"$)#%).+&"?1$

'4$*'$%&F%&('$.'/%'&+"/)!+'$)#%).+&"?$*'$"?A';

<##(/1$'$%&'>?)/"$34)$#)$.'?'."$=$34)$>"!*"#$)#%).+&"(#$"?+"/)!-

+)$.'&&)?".('!"*"#$&)*4G)/$"$."%".(*"*)$*)$)9+&"C5'$*)$(!6'&/"CH)#$#'-

>&)$"$.)!"$'&>(+"?;$I'&+"!+'1$'$'>J)-A'$*)#+"$+=.!(."$=$0)&"&1$"$%"&-&$*"#$

>"!*"#$'&(0(!"(#$*)$4/"$(/"0)/$/4?-)#%).+&"?1$!'A"#$>"!*"#$*)#.'&&)-

?".('!"*"#1$(#+'$=1$#)/$&)*4!*E!.("#$)!+&)$#(;$K&"+"L#)1$%'&+"!+'1$*)$4/"$

+=.!(."$*)$&)"?.)$34)$&)*4G$'4$&)/'A)$)#+"$&)*4!*E!.("$)#%).+&"?;$

M$!N/)&'$*)$.'/%'!)!+)#$%&(!.(%"(#$=$(04"?$"'$!N/)&'$*)$>"!-

*"#$)#%).+&"(#$4-?(G"*"#$)$#5'$'&*)!"*"#$*)$".'&*'$.'/$'$*).&=#.(/'$*"$

A"&(E!.("$*)$!7A)?$*)$.(!G";$O<$%&(/)(&"$PI$+)/$"$/"('&$A"&(E!.("$Q/"('&$

.'!+&"#+)R$)$"$N?-/"1$"$/)!'&$A"&(E!.(";$<$#)04!*"$)$"#$#4>#)3S)!+)#$PI1$

"%&)#)!+"/$0&"*"-A"/)!+)$/)!'#$.'!+&"#+)$)!+&)$'#$"?A'#$)$#5'$*)#%&'-

A(*"#$*)$(!6'&/"C5'$+'%'0&2B."1$*)A(*'$T$"4#:!.("$*)$#'/>&)"/)!+';$<$

+)&.)(&"$)$34"&+"$.'/%'!)!+)#$%&(!.(%"(#$.'!+:/$-%(."/)!+)$/)!'#$)#-

+&4+4&"$*"$(/"0)/$)$/"(#$&47*'$34)$"#$*4"#$%&(/)(&"#1$(!*(."!*'$"$.'/-

%&)##5'$*'#$*"*'#$!'#$%&(/)(&'#$."!"(#;$<$N?-/"$.'/%'!)!+)$&)%&)#)!+"$

>"#(."/)!+)$'$&47*'$)9(#+)!+)$!'#$*"*'#$'&(0(!"(#U$QVMWXYP<1$Z[[[R;

<$+=.!(."$.'!#(#+)$)/\

]$K&"!#6'&/"C5'$*"$&'+"C5'$*'#$)(9'#$*)$"+&(>4+'#$'&(0(!"(#$Q."!"(#$

^$)$ZR$)/$)(9'#$._"/"*'#$*)$P'/%'!)!+)#$I&(!.(%"(#1$"+&"A=#$*)$

'%)&"CH)#$/"+)/2-."#$?(!)"&)#`

]$<!2?(#)$*"$a"+&(G$*)$P'A"&(E!.("$)!+&)$+'*"#$"#$>"!*"#1$."?.4?"!-

*'$'#$"4+'A"?'&)#1$(#+'$=1$'$.'/%&(/)!+'$*'#$)(9'#$*"#$.'/%'-

!)!+)#$%&(!.(%"(#$*)$4/"$(/"0)/$34)$#5'$/)*(*'#$)/$4!(*"*)$

*)$ A"&(E!.("1$ *)B!(!*'$ "$ .'!+&(>4(C5'$ *)$ ."*"$ >"!*"$ '&(0(!"?$

%"&"$4/"$*)+)&/(!"*"$PI1$!4/"$.'/>(!"C5'$"*(-A"$)$?(!)"&`

!$<$^";$PI$=$#)/)?_"!+)$"$4/"$A(#+"$%"!.&'/2-."$*"$.)!"

]$b)"?.)$%'&$c).'&&)?"C5'\$A(#"$'$&)"?.)$*"$*(#+&(>4(C5'$*"#$.'&)#1$

"+&"A=#$*"$)?(/(!"C5'$*"$.'&&)?"C5'$)!+&)$"#$>"!*"#`$#F$%'*)$#)&$

^Z Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

aplicado sobre um triplete de bandas, ao contrário da CP “tradiD

.&"3*1z$=<($@$3"#)*1)(3'($*!1&.*5*$%"?#($'"5*%$*%$?*35*%6$

S$'(#.(&#*$($J1A)*$'@.3&.*$5($j#*3%2"#)*9C(%$h<1A(%!(.'#*&%$*4*D

liada foi a Transformação RGB$�$IHS6$r$"?>(A4"$5(%'*$'@.3&.*$@$)*!(*#$"$

%&%'()*$5($."#(%$QYW$!*#*$"$%&%'()*$Und/$."3'#"1*35"$)(1_"#$*$2"#)*9:"$

5($."#(%$5($*."#5"$.")$*$!(#.(!9:"$5"$d7n6

H($2*'"/$%(+<35"$VQvdjS$L[bbcP/$=<*35"$5(%.#(4($*%$!#"!#&(5*D

des de cor de um objeto em uma imagem, normalmente o olho humano

3:"$5&%A3+<($*$!#"!"#9:"$5($*8<1/$4(#5($($4(#)(1_"$!#(%(3'(%/$.")"$3"$

%&%'()*$.")!<'*.&"3*1$*%%".&*5"$*"$)"3&'"#$5($4F5("/$($%&)/$*4*1&*$*$&3D

'(3%&5*5($LUP/$*$."#$"<$)*A8$LnP$($*$%*'<#*9:"$LdP/$"35(T

�$S$ intensidade$"<$?#&1_"$%&+3&-.*$*$)(5&5*$5($(3(#+&*$'"'*1$(3D

4"14&5*$()$'"5"%$"%$.")!#&)(3'"%$5($"35*/$%(35"/$*%%&)/$#(%D

!"3%,4(1$!(1*$%(3%*9:"$5($?#&1_"$5(%%*$(3(#+&*$&3.&5(3'($%"?#($

o olho;

�$r$0(%K$"<$."#$5($<)$"?>('"$'#*8$*$)(5&5*$5"$.")!#&)(3'"$5($

"35*$)@5&"$5*$1<8$=<($%($#(�('($"<$%($()&'(/$5(-3&35"/$!"#'*3D

to, a cor do objeto;

�$S$saturação$"<$!<#(8*$(o!#(%%*$"$&3'(#4*1"$5($.")!#&)(3'"$5($

onda ao redor do comprimento de onda médio, no qual a enerD

+&*$@$#(�(A5*$"<$'#*3%)&A5*6$R)$*1'"$4*1"#$5($%*'<#*9:"$#(%<1'*$

()$<)*$."#$(%!(.'#*1)(3'($!<#*/$*"$!*%%"$=<($<)$?*&o"$4*1"#$

&35&.*$<)*$)&%'<#*$5($.")!#&)(3'"%$5($"35*$=<($&#,$!#"5<8&#$

tons pastéis (apagados).

S$'@.3&.*$."3%&%'($()$.*1.<1*#$*$&3'(3%&5*5(/$"$)*A8$($*$%*'<#*9:"$

de três bandas espectrais, depois processar a componente I, aplicando

<)$#(*1.($5($."3'#*%'($(/$-3*1)(3'(/$2*8(#$*$#(4(#%:"$!*#*$"$%&%'()*$QYW$

!*#*$=<($!"%%*/$(3':"/$%(#$4&%<*1&8*5"$!"#$<)$)"3&'"#$5($4F5("$5($)&.#"D

computador.

H*%$ '#`%$ '@.3&.*%$ 5($ j#*3%2"#)*9C(%$ h<1A(%!(.'#*&%$ *4*1&*5*%$

3(%'*$!(%=<&%*/$*$=<($*!#(%(3'"<$#(%<1'*5"%$!#,A."%$)*&%$%&+3&-.*A4"%$

5"$!"3'"$5($4&%'*$5($)(1_"#&*$5*$(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$(%!(.'#"D'()D

!"#*&%$2"&$*$5($OH7U/$!#&3.&!*1)(3'($=<*35"$*!1&.*5*$*$'@.3&.*$5($#*8:"$

(3'#($?*35*%$!*#*$5('(.9:"$5($)<5*39*$3"$!*5#:"$($."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$^e

3"$!(#F"5"$"?%(#4*5"6$S%%&)/$!(1*$ &)!"#'~3.&*$5(%'*$ &32"#)*9:"$.")"$

&35&.*5"#$5($!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$LhSjSIIr/$[bbbm$SVVUrI�$et alli,

gff[m$SQS�Nr$et alli/$gffgm$dShGSUr$�$dShGSUr/$gffgP/$"!'"<D%($!"#$

."3%&5(#*#/$(2(A4*)(3'(/$"%$#(%<1'*5"%$5(%'*$'@.3&.*$5($GHU$.")"$<)$5"%$

(1()(3'"%$5($%<!"#'($E$&5(3A-.*9:"$($1".*1&8*9:"$5($,#(*%$5(+#*5*5*%$

3*$#(+&:"$()$(%'<5"/$"35(/$*%%".&*5"$*$"<'#"%$#(%<1'*5"%$*$%(#()$5&%.<AD

5"%$*5&*3'(/$!"5(#,$4*1&5*#$()$+*?&3('($"$."3><3'"$5($5*5"%$=<(/$3<)*$

1&3+<*+()$5($!#"+#*)*9:"$5($,1+(?#*$(%!*.&*1/$!(#)&A#,$)*!(*#$"%$!#"D

.(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$&3%'*1*5"%$()$K&3+i6

G*#*/$(3':"/$.")!"#$(%'($."3><3'"$5($5*5"%$*$%(#$<A1&8*5"$3*$*3,D

1&%($(%!*.&*1$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$()$K&3+i/$<A1&8"<D%($*$'@.3&D

ca de 9.(##/&'()*+-L4="$2/#/+5(!($=<(/$%(+<35"$VQvdjS$L[bbcP/$'#*'*D%($

5"$!#".(%%"$5($(o'#*9:"$5($&32"#)*9C(%$()$&)*+(3%$!*#*$#(."3_(.(#$!*D

5#C(%$($"?>('"%$_")"+`3("%6$S%%&)/$"%$)@'"5"%$5($.1*%%&-.*9:"$%:"$<%*D

5"%$!*#*$)*!(*#$,#(*%$5*$%<!(#0.&($'(##(%'#($=<($*!#(%(3'*)$<)$)(%)"$

%&+3&-.*5"$()$&)*+(3%$5&+&'*&%6

V")"$>,$*?"#5*5"$3"$V*!F'<1"$c/$.*5*$&)*+()$@$2"#)*5*$!"#$<)$

conjunto de pixel/$ .")$%<*%$ .""#5(3*5*%$ o/X$($<)$*'#&?<'"$(%!(.'#*1$ I$

y=<($#(!#(%(3'*$*$#*5&~3.&*$5($<)$*14"$3"$&3'(#4*1"$5($.")!#&)(3'"$5($

"35*$5($<)*$?*35*$(%!(.'#*1z6$G"#'*3'"/$!"5(D%($*-#)*#$=<($.*5*$pixel

de uma banda possui uma correspondência espacial com um outro pixel,

()$'"5*%$*%$"<'#*%$?*35*%/$"<$%(>*/$!*#*$<)*$&)*+()$5($�$?*35*%/$(o&%D

'()$�$3F4(&%$5($.&38*$*%%".&*5"%$E$.*5*$pixel, sendo um para cada banda

(%!(.'#*1$ LUOGB/$ gff[P6$S$(%'($ ."3><3'"$5($ .*#*.'(#F%A.*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5($

um pixel$5(3")&3*D%($5($y*'#&?<'"%$(%!(.'#*&%z6

O(%'*$ !(%=<&%*/$ <A1&8"<D%($ "$ )@'"5"$ 5($ .1*%%&-.*9:"$ ypixel-a-

pixelz$=<($&5(3A-.*$#(+&C(%$_")"+`3(*%$*$!*#A#$5*$&32"#)*9:"$(%!(.'#*1$

isolada de cada pixel/$ 2*8(35"/$ *&35*/$ <%"$ 5*$ '("#&*$ 5($ !#"?*?&1&5*5($

!"#$)@'"5"%$ (%'*l%A."%6$ S%%&)/$ "$ #(%<1'*5"$ 5*$ $ .1*%%&-.*9:"$ 5&+&'*1$ @$

*!#(%(3'*5"$ !"#$ .1*%%(%$ (%!(.'#*&%$ L,#(*%$ =<($ !"%%<()$ .*#*.'(#F%A.*%$

(%!(.'#*&%$ %()(1_*3'(%P/$ ."3%&5(#*35"D%($ *$ #(1*9:"$ (3'#($ *$ #(%!"%'*$

(%!(.'#*1$ 5"%$ *14"%$ 5($ &3'(#(%%($ 3*$ !(%=<&%*$ ($ *%$ .1*%%(%$ *$ %(#()$

)*!(*5*%6$ H($ 2*'"/$ '()D%($ .")"$ #(%<1'*5"$ -3*1$ 5($ <)$ !#".(%%"$ 5($

.1*%%&-.*9:"$<)*$J3&.*$&)*+()$5&+&'*1$.")!"%'*$!"#$<)$)*!*$5($pixels

.1*%%&-.*5"%/$#(!#(%(3'*5"%/$3(%'($.*%"/$!"#$."#(%6

^^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

O"$!#".(%%"$5($.1*%%&-.*9:"/$<)$+#*35($3J)(#"$5($OVq%$@$'#*3%D

2"#)*5"$3<)$!(=<(3"$3J)(#"$5($.1*%%(%$'(),A.*%6$V")"$(o&%'()$#(D

+&C(%$3*$&)*+()$()$=<($%($'()$."3_(.&)(3'"$5*$#(*1&5*5($5($.*)!"/$

*'#*4@%$5($!(%=<&%*%$#(*1&8*5*%$5(%5($)*#9"$5($gfff$3"$I*?"#*'i#&"$5($

Y("!#".(%%*)(3'"$UOGB;K&3+i/$*$V1*%%&-.*9:"$d<!(#4&%&"3*5*$!"5($%(#$

()!#(+*5*/$'(35"D%($"$.<&5*5"$5($&5(3A-.*#$3*%$&)*+(3%$5&4(#%*%$,#(*%$

5($'#(&3*)(3'"$#(!#(%(3'*A4*%$($_")"+`3(*%$5($.*5*$.1*%%($5($&3'(#(%D

%($3*$!(%=<&%*/$!"#@)$"?%(#4*35"$*$&3.1<%:"$5($'"5*$*$4*#&*?&1&5*5($(%D

!(.'#*1$5"%$*14"%$()$(%'<5"6

M"#*)$5(-3&5*%$%(&%$.1*%%(%$'(),A.*%$*$%(#()$)*!(*5*%$!(1"$)@D

'"5"T

�$s#(*$<#?*3*

�$V"#!"%$5qs+<*

�$V**A3+*$S#?i#(*

�$V**A3+*$S#?<%A4*

�$G*%'";.<1A4"

�$d"1"$(o!"%'"

G*#*$.*5*$.1*%%($2"#*)$&5(3A-.*5*%$5"8($*)"%'#*%$()$.*5*$<)*$

5*%$'#`%$5*'*%/$2*8(35"$<)$%<?'"'*1$5($%('(3'*$($5<*%$*)"%'#*%$!*#*$.*5*$

5*'*$($<)$'"'*1$5($5<8(3'*%$($5(8(%%(&%$*)"%'#*%6$V*5*$."3><3'"$5($5"8($

*)"%'#*%$!#"5<8&<$<)*$h*'#&8$5($B##"$=<($ 2"&$*3*1&%*5*$ &%"1*5*)(3'(/$

%(35"$#(2(&'*$*1+<)*%$4(8(%$*'@$*A3+&#$<)$5(%()!(3_"$+(#*1$�$be|$!*#*$

.*5*$5*'*$!(%=<&%*5*6$U%'"$+*#*3A<$*$=<*1&5*5($5*%$*)"%'#*%$!*#*$*$!"%D

'(#&"#$.1*%%&-.*9:"6

B)?"#*$*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$'(3_*)$%&5"$#(*1&8*5*%$%"?#($*%$?*35*%$

(%!(.'#*&%$"#&+&3*&%/$.*5*$*)"%'#*$2"&$*4*1&*5*$4&%<*1)(3'($%"?#($*%$5&4(#D

%*%$'@.3&.*%$5($GHU$'(%'*5*%$*3'(#&"#)(3'(/$"?>(A4*35"D%($*$."3-#)*9:"$

5*$_")"+(3(&5*5($($(o*A5:"$5*$*)"%'#*$()$#(1*9:"$E$.1*%%($'(),A.*$*$

=<*1$!(#'(3.&*6$S$)*'#&8$5($(##"$5($.1*%%&-.*9:"$*!#(%(3'*$*$5&%'#&?<&9:"$

de porcentagem de pixels$.1*%%&-.*5"%$."##('*$($(##"3(*)(3'(m$*%$."1<D

nas representam o total porcentual por classe.

r$.1*%%&-.*5"#$ <A1&8*5"$ 2"&$ "$ 5($hSK7BQ/$ !"&%$ (%'($ ."3%&5(#*$ *$

!"35(#*9:"$5*%$5&%'~3.&*%$(3'#($*%$)@5&*%$5"%$3F4(&%$5&+&'*&%$5*%$.1*%%(%/$

<A1&8*35"$!*#~)('#"%$(%'*l%A."%/$"35($<)$."3><3'"$5($*)"%'#*%$5($'#(&D

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$^\

3*)(3'"$5(-3($"$5&*+#*)*$5($5&%!(#%:"$5*%$.1*%%(%$($%<*%$5&%'#&?<&9C(%$

de probabilidade, considerando a distribuição de probabilidade normal

para cada classe do treinamento.

Ao considerar, por exemplo, duas classes com distribuição de proD

?*?&1&5*5($5&%A3'*$5($<)$pixel pertencer a uma classe ou a outra depenD

dendo de sua posição em relação a esta distribuição, o pixel que se situar

3*$#(+&:"$"35($*%$5<*%$.1*%%(%$%($%"?#(!C()$(%':"$%<>(&'"%$E$5(-3&9:"$5($

1&)&*#(%$5($*.(&'*9:"$5"$.1*%%&-.*5"#$a$<)$.#&'@#&"$5($5(.&%:"$5"$<%<,#&"6$

r%$1&)&'(%$5($.1*%%&-.*9:"$%:"$5(-3&5"%$*$!*#A#$5($!"3'"%$5($)(%)*$!#"D

?*?&1&5*5($5($.1*%%&-.*9:"$5($<)*$($5($"<'#*$.1*%%(6$S%%&)/$!"#$(o()!1"/$

um pixel$1".*1&8*5"$3<)*$#(+&:"$%")?#(*5*/$*!(%*#$5($!(#'(3.(#$E$.1*%%($

g/$%(#,$.1*%%&-.*5"$.")"$.1*%%($[/$!(1"$1&)&'($5($*.(&'*9:"$(%'*?(1(.&5"6$

G"#'*3'"/$"?>(A4*35"$*$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$."32<%:"$(3'#($*%$.1*%%(%/$"<$%(>*/$

<)*$#(5<9:"$5(%'*$%"?#(!"%&9:"$(3'#($*%$5&%'#&?<&9C(%$5($!#"?*?&1&5*5(%$

5*%$.1*%%(%/$5&4(#%*%$*=<&%&9C(%$5($*)"%'#*%$%&+3&-.*A4*%$5($*14"%$5&%A3D

'"%$2"#*)$*5=<&#&5*%/$?()$.")"$*%$*4*1&*9C(%$5*%$)*'#&8(%$5($.1*%%&-.*D

ção dessas amostras.

B%'*$*4*1&*9:"$."3.1<&<$=<($"$."3><3'"$5($*)"%'#*%$ 2"&$?*%'*3'($

%*A%2*'i#&"/$*A3+&35"$<)*$)@5&*$5($b^|$5($(o*A5:"$!*#*$*$)*&"#&*$5*%$

.1*%%(%$ &5(3A-.*5*%$3*%$ &)*+(3%6$V")"$ 1&)&*#$5($*.(&'*9:"/$ *5"'"<D%($

"$4*1"#$5($[ff|$!*#*$<)*$.")!1('*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$5($'"5"%$"%$pixels na

imagem.

S%%&)/$2"#*)$#(*1&8*5*%$*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$%<!(#4&%&"3*5*%$3*%$'#`%$

5*'*%$5($&)*+()$5*$!(%=<&%*T$[b]b/$[bbe$($gffc/$"?'(35"D%($"$)*!(*D

)(3'"$'(),A."$'()!"#*1$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$."32"#)($&1<%'#*)$*%$M&+<#*%$

e/$^$($\/$#(%!(.A4*)(3'(6

^] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

M&+<#*$e$a$h*!(*)(3'"$'(),A."$"?A5"$*$!*#A#$5($V1*%%&-.*9:"$d<!(#4&%&"3*5*$3*$ &)*+()$5($[[;fc;]b/$ &5(3A-.*35"$*%$ .1*%%(%$

de interesse.

M&+<#*$^$a$h*!(*)(3'"$'(),A."$"?A5"$*$!*#A#$5($V1*%%&-.*9:"$d<!(#4&%&"3*5*$3*$&)*+()$5($f^;[f;be/$"35($%($"?%(#4*$<)*$5&%D.#('*$!#(%(39*$5($3<4(3%$3*$,#(*6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$^b

M&+<#*$\$a$h*!(*)(3'"$'(),A."$"?A5"$*$!*#A#$5($V1*%%&-.*9:"$

d<!(#4&%&"3*5*$3*$&)*+()$5($fe;f[;fc6

S%$.1*%%(%$2"#*)$=<*3A-.*5*%$()$'(#)"%$5($,#(*$($!#".(%%*5*%$

*'#*4@%$5($!1*3&1_*$ (1('#k3&.*$ LM&+<#*$ ]P6$ S"$ *3*1&%*#$ "%$ 5*5"%$ +#,-."%/$

5(%'*.*D%($"$*4*39"$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"$3*%$.1*%%(%$5($.**A3+*$a$<)$3"',4(1$

&35&.*5"#$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$3*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"6

G*#*$.")!#((35(#$.")$)*&"#$!#(.&%:"$($*.<#,.&*$*$1".*1&8*9:"$(%D

!*.&*1$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$ 2"&$(1*?"#*5*$<)*$S3,1&%($B%!*D

.&*1/$*$!*#A#$5"$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$5($<)$*!1&.*A4"$()$IBYSI/$&)!1()(3D

tado no Spring.

S$(%'#<'<#*$5($<)*$!#"+#*)*9:"$()$IBYSI$(o&+($*%$%(+<&3'(%$('*D

!*%T

�$H(.1*#*9C(%$5($4*#&,4(&%$ L3"$.*%"/$*%$ &)*+(3%$.1*%%&-.*5*%$($*$

&)*+()D%F3'(%($*$%(#$+(#*5*Pm

�$U3%'*3.&*9C(%10$5($4*#&,4(&%$L?*%&.*)(3'(/$=<()$%:"$(%'*%$4*#&,D

4(&%$3"$%&%'()*$($%(<%$!*#~)('#"%$"!(#*.&"3*&%Pm

10 B'&"+K%$Z\4('42('$'42("4(2728&*$(&*(.&0$Z\4(Y2(C$.7oC&72($"8&2('&%0$.$'$2M

\f Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

�$r!(#*9C(%$5($,1+(?#*$5($)*!*%$L=<*&%$%:"$*%$"!(#*9C(%$(%!*.&*&%$

*$%(#()$(2('<*5*%$.")$*%$4*#&,4(&%$*3'(#&"#)(3'($5(.1*#*5*%Pm

�$V")*35"%$5($."3'#"1(6

M&+<#*$ ]$ a$ x<*3A-.*9:"$ 5*%$ .1*%%(%$ '(),A.*%$ ()$ [b]b/$

[bbe$($gffc6

r$�<o"+#*)*$5*$!#"+#*)*9:"$5(%(34"14&5*$()$IBYSI$2"&$?*%(*5"$

3"%$5*5"%$5($(3'#*5*/$"$!#".(%%*)(3'"$()$IBYSI$($*$%*F5*$+#,-.*$5*$

Análise Espacial.

j()D%($.")"$"?>(A4"$*4*1&*#$"$.")!"#'*)(3'"$(%!*.&*1$5"%$*14"%$

*"$ 1"3+"$5"$!(#F"5"$"?%(#4*5"/$(%!(.&*1)(3'($.")$#(1*9:"$*"%$ &35&.*D

5"#(%$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$3(%'($.*%"/$*$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$5($

.**A3+*$($"$*4*39"$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"6$H($2*'"/$!*#*$(2(&'"$5(%'*$*3,1&%(D

%F3'(%($5*$+#*4($%&'<*9:"$*)?&(3'*1$()$K&3+i/$."3%&5(#"<$!*#*$*$!#"+#*D

)*9:"$()$IBYSI$=<(T

�$s#(*%$=<($%()!#($!(#)*3(.(#*)$.")"$yd"1"$(o!"%'"z$3*%$'#`%$

5*'*%$ %:"$ ."3%&5(#*5*%$ ,#(*%$ yB)$!#".(%%"$ 5($ 5(%(#A-.*9:"z$

L3*$1(+(35*/$yH(%(#A-.*5*zP/$($*!*#(.()$3*$."#$)*&%$(%.<#*$3*$

&)*+()D%F3'(%(m

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$\[

�$ d:"$ ."3%&5(#*5*%$ ys#(*%$ 5(+#*5*5*%z$ L3*$ 1(+(35*/$ yH(+#*5*D

5*zP/$*!*#(.(35"$3*$."#$.&38*/$&5()T

!$s#(*%$=<($(#*)$."?(#'*%$!"#$4(+('*9:"$5($.**A3+*$()$[b]b$(;

"<$[bbe$($()$gffc$'"#3"<D%($yd"1"$(o!"%'"zm

!$ s#(*%$ =<($ ()$ [b]b$ (;"<$ [bbe$ (#*)$ ."?(#'*%$ !"#$ zV**A3+*$

*#?i#(*z$($()$gffc$ '"#3"<D%($yV**A3+*$S#?<%A4*z/$!"&%$ &%'"$

&35&.*$!(#5*$5($?&")*%%*/$.(#'*)(3'($!"#$*A4&5*5(%$&1(+*&%$5($

extração de madeira;

�$s#(*%$=<($()$[b]b$(;"<$[bbe$(#*)$<#?*3*%/$!*%'"$"<$.<1A4"$($

()$gffc$'#*3%2"#)*#*)D%($()$yd"1"$Bo!"%'"zm

�$ n"<4($ *1+<)*%$ !"<.*%$ #(.<!(#*9C(%$ 5($ .**A3+*$ 3"$ !(#F"5"/$

%(35"$'"5*%$(%%*%$,#(*%$(3=<*5#*5*%$3*$#(%!(.A4*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$

&5(3A-.*5*$()$gffcm

�$S1+<)*%$,#(*%$!(#)*3(.(#*)$.")$*%$)(%)*%$.1*%%(%$3"$!(#F"D

5"$()$(%'<5"/$%()$*1'(#*9C(%$()$%(<$!*5#:"$5($."?(#'<#*6

Z6c6c$h*!(*)(3'"$j(),A."

G*#*$.")!1()(3'*#$*$*3,1&%(/$2"&$5(%(34"14&5"$<)$SIG$*$!*#A#$5"%$

5*5"%$ 5*$ )*1_*$ 5($ %('"#(%$ .(3%&',#&"%$ #<#*&%$ LUWYB/$ gffcP/$ *%%".&*5"%$

*"%$5*5"%$5"%$V(3%"%$5($[bb[$($gff[6$r?>(A4"<D%(/$*%%&)/$*%%".&*#$)*&%$

<)$&)!"#'*3'($&35&.*5"#$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"$*"$!#".(%%"$5($*3,1&%(/$3(%'($

.*%"/$"%$5*5"%$5()"+#,-."%/$(%!(.&-.*)(3'($*$H(3%&5*5($G"!<1*.&"3*1$

!"#$ d('"#$ .(3%&',#&"$ Q<#*1$ L7SdVrOVBIrd$ drWQUOnr/$ [b\]m$hSjSIIr/$

[bbbm$dShGSUr$�$dShGSUr/$gffgP6

r%$5*5"%$5(%.#&A4"%$5"%$.(3%"%$2"#*)$)"5(1*5"%$3<)$?*3."$5($

5*5"%$hdDS.(%%/$"35($.*5*$%('"#$.(3%&',#&"$2"&$*%%".&*5"/$.")"$._*4(D

!#&),#&*$(%!*.&*1/$*"$%(<$#(%!(.A4"$!"1F+"3"$3*$?*%($.*#'"+#,-.*$5&+&'*1$

importada do 5184D5k(,$-.

B%'*$?*%(/$*1@)$5($<)*$+(")('#&*$5($!"1F+"3"%$2(._*5"%/$."3AD

3_*$<)$.i5&+"$(%!(.F-."$!*#*$.*5*$%('"#$.(3%&',#&"/$3*$2"#)*$5($'(o'"$($

&3%(#&5"$5(3'#"$5"$%(<$#(%!(.A4"$!"1F+"3"6$S$(%'($&5(3A-.*5"#$._*)*D%($

5($.(3'#i&5($'"!"1i+&."$=<(/$*1@)$5($."3'(#$"%$4F3.<1"%$*"%$#(%!(.A4"%$

#(+&%'#"%$3"$?*3."$5($5*5"%/$'*)?@)$."3'@)$"%$4F3.<1"%$E%$'*?(1*%$'"!"D

1i+&.*%$5"$%&%'()* Spring6$R)*$'"!"1"+&*$5($!"1F+"3"$2"&$.#&*5*$3"$Auto-

\g Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

D5k(,$- para a obtenção das áreas dos setores censitários rurais. Uma

consulta (^1&.AP$2"&/$(3':"/$#(*1&8*5*$!*#*$"?'(#D%($<)*$'*?(1*$=<($#(1*D

.&"3*%%($"$.i5&+"$5"$%('"#$.(3%&',#&"$.")$%<*$#(%!(.A4*$,#(*$'"!"1i+&.*/$

3"$2"#)*'"$�6jKj6$H(!"&%/$(%'($*#=<&4"$5&+&'*1$2"&$&)!"#'*5"$3"$?*3."$5($

5*5"%$hdDS..(%%$($<)*$3"4*$."3%<1'*$2"&$2(&'*/$.#<8*35"D%($"%$5*5"%$5($

SETOR, ÁREA, POPULAÇÃO e DENSIDADE POPULACIONAL.

R)*$4(8$ #(*1&8*5*$*$ 1&+*9:"$5"%$ .(3'#i&5(%$ *"%$ %(<%$ #(%!(.A4"%$

#(+&%'#"%$3"$?*3."$5($5*5"%/$#(*1&8"<D%($<)$)*!(*)(3'"$'(),A."$%"?#($

População Total nestes setores, analisando o comportamento demográD

-."$()$#(1*9:"$*"$V(3%"$gfff6$RA1&8*35"D%($5"%$."3.(&'"%$5($B%'*l%A.*$

B%!*.&*1/$"?>(A4"<D%($.*#*.'(#&8*#$*$5(3%&5*5($5()"+#,-.*/$!#".<#*35"$

5(%.#(4(#$*$4*#&*9:"$(%!*.&*1$5*$!"!<1*9:"$3*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"6

d(+<35"$V�hSQS$ LgfffP/$ y*$5&%'#&?<&9:"$5($(4(3'"%$ .<>*$ 1".*1&D

8*9:"$(%',$*%%".&*5*$*$,#(*%$L5(1&)&'*5*%$!"#$!"1F+"3"%P$3:"$5&%!C($5($

%<*$1".*1&8*9:"$(o*'*/$)*%$%&)$5($<)$4*1"#$*+#(+*5"$!"#$,#(*z6$S%%&)/$"$

"?>(A4"$5*$*3,1&%($%(#,$5('(#)&3*#$*$(o&%'`3.&*$5($<)$!*5#:"$(%!*.&*1$

3"%$4*1"#(%$"?%(#4*5"%6

S$!#&)(&#*$*3,1&%($ 2"&$ #(*1&8*5*$*+#(+*35"$"%$5*5"%$!"#$=<*3A%/$

5&4&5&5"%$()$'#`%$.1*%%(%/$5($'*1$2"#)*$=<($.*5*$.1*%%($'(3_*$*!#"o&)*5*D

)(3'($"$)(%)"$3J)(#"$5($4*1"#(%6

B3'#('*3'"/$<)*$2"#)*$%&)!1(%$($JA1$5($(o!1"#*#$*$4*#&*9:"$(%!*D

.&*1$ 5"%$5*5"%$@$ .*1.<1*#$ *$)@5&*$5"%$ 4*1"#(%$5"%$ 4&8&3_"%/$!#"5<8&35"$

<)*$ !#&)(&#*$ *!#"o&)*9:"$ 5*$ 4*#&*?&1&5*5($ (%!*.&*1/$ y!"&%$ *$ "!(#*9:"$

'(35($*$!#"5<8&#$<)*$%<!(#0.&($)(3"%$5(%."3l3<*$=<($"%$5*5"%$"#&+&D

3*&%z$LMrOdBVS/$gfffP/$%(35"$"%$%('"#(%$.(3%&',#&"%$#<#*&%$&3�<(3.&*5"%$

!(1"$4*1"#$5($%(<%$4&8&3_"%6

S%%&)/$<A1&8"<D%($"$)@'"5"$5*$Uhr7/$=<($@$<)*$'@.3&.*$=<($(oD

!1"#*$"$4*1"#$)@5&"$�&$5"$*'#&?<'"$3*$#(+&:"$5($(%'<5"/$2"#3(.(35"$<)*$

4&%:"$5*%$+#*35(%$'(35`3.&*%$5"$2(3k)(3"$()$(%'<5"/$3(%'($.*%"/$<)*$

2"#'($5(3%&5*5($!"!<1*.&"3*1$()$*1+<)*%$#(+&C(%$!(#&2@#&.*%$*"$1*+"$5*$

RnB$K&3+i/$.*#*.'(#&8*35"$3J.1("%$5($!#(%%:"$5()"+#,-.*$.&#.<35*35"$

*$RnB$K&3+i6

V"3.1<&35"$"$!#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$5*5"%$($"?>(A4*35"$&32(#&#$<)$

&35&.*5"#$%".&*1$3"$(%'<5"$%"?#($*%$,#(*%$5(%(#A-.*5*%$()$K&3+i/$."32"#D

)($*3*1&%*5"$3"$V*!F'<1"$g/$(%'($)*!*$'(),A."$5($5(3%&5*5($!"!<1*.&"D

\c

3*1$!"#$)@5&*$)i4(1$2"&/$(3':"/$.#<8*5"$.")$"$)*!*$'(),A."$5*$&)*+()D

%F3'(%($!#"5<8&5"$%"?#($*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$%<!(#4&%&"3*5*%$5*%$&)*+(3%$5($

[b]b/$[bbe$($gffc6$G*#*$2*8(#$(%'*$S3,1&%($B%!*.&*1/$=<($@$*$%F3'(%($5(%'($

(%'<5"$*"$&5(3A-.*#$1$"(#-!"-$/#'+-M-!"#"$%&'()*+$LS!`35&.(P/$<)$3"4"$

*1+"#&')"$ ()$ IBYSI$ 2"&$ 5(%(34"14&5"$ !*#*$ (%'($ .#<8*)(3'"$ 5($ 5*5"%/$

."3%&5(#*35"D%($=<(T

�$s#(*%$"35($3*$&)*+()D%F3'(%($5*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$(%':"$&5(3A-.*D

5*%$.")"$yB)$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"z$L"<$yH(%(#A-.*5*%zP$

($ 3"$ )*!*$ '(),A."$ 5($ G"!<1*9:"$ &35&.*$ yS1'"$ V#(%.&)(3'"z$

5()"+#,-."$3"$!(#F"5"/$"<$,#(*%$"35($3*$&)*+()D%F3'(%($5*%$

.1*%%&-.*9C(%$(%':"$&5(3A-.*5*%$.")"$yB)$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#D

A-.*9:"z$($3"$)*!*$'(),A."$5($G"!<1*9:"$&35&.*$yh@5&"$V#(%D

.&)(3'"z$5()"+#,-."$3"$!(#F"5"/$"<$(#*)$,#(*%$yH(+#*5*5*%z$

e com densidade populacional média, foram consideradas áreas

de risco “A4/:+-N$(2"z$ 5"$!"3'"$5($ 4&%'*$ 5*$ 5(%(#A-.*9:"/$ ($

foram assinaladas na cor mais escura;

�$s#(*%$"35($3*$&)*+()D%F3'(%($5*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$(%':"$&5(3A-.*D

5*%$.")"$yH(+#*5*5*%z$($3"$)*!*$'(),A."$5($G"!<1*9:"$&35&.*$

)@5&"$.#(%.&)(3'"$5()"+#,-."$3"$!(#F"5"/$2"#*)$."3%&5(#*5*%$

áreas de risco “Gravez$5"$!"3'"$5($4&%'*$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$($2"D

#*)$*%%&3*1*5*%$3*$."#$.&38*$(%.<#"m

�$s#(*%$"35($3*$&)*+()D%F3'(%($5*%$.1*%%&-.*9C(%$(%':"$&5(3A-.*D

5*%$.")"$yH(+#*5*5*%z$($3"$)*!*$'(),A."$5($G"!<1*9:"$&35&.*$

?*&o"$.#(%.&)(3'"$5()"+#,-."$3"$!(#F"5"/$2"#*)$."3%&5(#*5*%$

áreas “Especiaisz/$%<>(&'*%$E$*'(39:"$($2"#*)$*%%&3*1*5*%$3*$."#$

.&38*$.1*#"m

�$r<'#*%$,#(*%$.")$%&'<*9:"$(%',4(1$"<$()$#(.<!(#*9:"/$2"#*)$*%D

sinaladas na cor branca.

H7H-I"#4.:(!+#-8?%!+#

Muitos foram os resultados ao longo da experimentação laboratoD

#&*1$5(%'*$!(%=<&%*6$S$=<*3A5*5($5($&32"#)*9C(%$!#".(%%*5*%$*A3+&#*)$

<)$(%!*9"$()$5&%."$ #F+&5"$5($b/c$Y?$($(%':"$*+"#*$5&%!"3F4(&%$!*#*$ *$

!(%=<&%*$.&(3l-.*$%"?#($"$'()*6

\Z Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

B3-)/$*!i%$"$!#".(%%*)(3'"$5"%$5*5"%/$."3%'*'"<D%(/$3"$!(#F"5"$

[b]b$D$gffcT

�$S<)(3'"$5($b[/c|$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"m

�$H&)&3<&9:"$5($,#(*%$*+#"!*%'"#&%$5($g[/g|m

�$H&)&3<&9:"$5($.**A3+*$*#?i#(*$5($b/\|m

�$H&)&3<&9:"$5($.**A3+*$*#?<%A4*$5($^]/\|m

�$S<)(3'"$5($,#(*%$<#?*3*%$"<$*3'#"!&8*5*%$5($\f|6

r?%(#4*D%($<)*$2"#'($."##(1*9:"$(3'#($"%$5*5"%$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"$

($,#(*%$*+#"!*%'"#&%$3"$!(#F"5"$(%'<5*5"6$S"$*<)(3'"$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"/$

."##(%!"35($<)*$5&)&3<&9:"$5*%$,#(*%$*+#F."1*%$"<$5($!*%'*+()6$G"#$"<D

'#"$1*5"/$E$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$."?(#'<#*$4(+('*1$3*'<#*1$5*$.**A3+*/$"?%(#4*D

D%(/$'*)?@)/$"$*<)(3'"$5*%$,#(*%$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i6$H($

fato, não há uma correlação entre o desmatamento e aumento das áreas

agropastoris.

H*%$ .1*%%(%$ 3*'<#*&%/$ *$ .**A3+*$ *#?<%A4*$ 2"&$ *$ =<($ #(+#(5&<$ ()$

termos de área. Isso se explica, principalmente, pelo seu porte lenhoso e

."3%(={(3'($5&%!"3&?&1&5*5($(3(#+@A.*$!*#*$*%$!"!<1*9C(%$#<#*&%/$*1@)$

5*$3(.(%%&5*5($5($3"4*%$,#(*%$*+#F."1*%$()$%<?%A'<&9:"$E=<(1*%$>,$(o*<D

#&5*%$!"#$'@.3&.*%$5($.<1A4"$&3*5(=<*5*%$*"$%()&D,#&5"$"<$)(%)"$!(1*$

(o!*3%:"$5*%$2#"3'(&#*%$5($!*%'*+(3%$(o'(3%&4*%6

B3'#('*3'"/$"%$#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%$3*$.1*%%($5($.**A3+*$*#?<%A4*$

&35&.*)$<)*$!"%%F4(1$%"?#(!"%&9:"$.")$*$.1*%%($5($!*%'"D.<1A4"/$5(4&5"$

E%$ %()(1_*3'(%$ #(%!"%'*%$(%!(.'#*&%$5"%$*14"%$"?%(#4*5"%/$"<$ %(>*/$()$

*)?*%$ *%$ .1*%%(%$ '`)D%($ <)*$ 4(+('*9:"$ .*#*.'(#&8*5*$ !"#$ *#?<%'"%$ ($

(%'#*'"$_(#?,.("/$.")$!"#'($)@5&"$5($g$)$($5&~)('#"$*$*1'<#*$5"$!(&'"$

3:"$<1'#*!*%%*35"$*$ [f$ .)6$S1+<)*%$ ,#4"#(%$ >"4(3%$ *1.*39*)$*'@$c$)$

de altura como D"7'42%1012(^1&.%7;40712(/4#0. e 52-7'42-&.*$(-A.7;4071*

associadas aos cactos /70424%&.&12(641"&00&7$ Lp(?(#P$WX1(%$�$Q"�1(X/$/M(

-7$1#A&"272$LY{#�(P$WX1(%$�$Q"�1(X6$r%$*#?<%'"%$!#(5")&3*3'(%$5*$,#(*$

%:"T$D$&2$0-7"7$(-A.$*7'$072, ]$8.4-#$(*4007227*$$ LG"_1P$W*&116/$,&04%#7$(

tomentosa, Sida galheirensis e D.484"( .#$*"7;40712, entremeados com

cactos das espécies 9-1"+$(-$0*$'4.$$�6$d._<)6$($O. inamoema$W#&�"3$

�$Q"%(6$G"#$"<'#"$1*5"/$3*%$,#(*%$5($!*%'*+(3%/$"?%(#4*D%($<)*$4(+('*9:"$

_(#?,.(*$($*1+<3%$*#?<%'"%$&3'(#.*1*5"%$=<($�"#(%.()$3"$!(#F"5"$._<4"%"6$

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$\e

S%$ (#4*%$ !#(5")&3*3'(%$ 3"%$)(%(%$ ._<4"%"%$ L5($)*&"$ *$ *+"%'";gffgP$

foram Centratherum punctatum, Heliotropium angiospermum$ h<##*X/$

Chamaecrista repens$ L7"+(1P$ U#�&3$ �$ W*#3(?X/$ !C40C1012( 2-M, Crolataria

holosericea$ O((%$�$h*#'6/$ Sida ciliaris L., J7%#$.'7$( 6.$"'7t4.$ (Cham.

�$d._1'516P$($w4&.#$C7$(%4%%7"&$$h&116$S1+<3%$*#?<%'"%$=<($�"#&#*)$3(%'($

!(#F"5"$ 2"#*)$ B"'764;&.$( 21x.1+%42$, @8A042$"8#&2( C72%42$, ,&04%#7$(

tomentosa e Sida galheirensis6$ S%$ (%!@.&(%$ *#?i#(*%$ (3."3'#*5*%$ 3"$

1".*1$2"#*)$&35&4F5<"%$5($Tabebuia aurea, *Spondias tuberosa, /.424-72(

P107t4.$ (SW.) DC. e yzA:7-#12(P4$:&7.4 (FREIRE et alli, 2003).

O*$,#(*/$!#*A.*D%($*$!(.<,#&*$(o'(3%&4*$5($+*5"$?"4&3"/$.*!#&3"$($

"4&3"6$j*)?@)$%($!"5($."3%'*'*#$"$."#'($."3l3<"$($*$=<(&)*$5*%$1(&#*%$

L+*1_"$($2"1_*%$5*$4(+('*9:"$#<5(#*1P/$!*#*$"$!#(!*#"$5"$%"1"$($!1*3A"$5($

2(&>:"$($)&1_"/$3"$!(#F"5"$._<4"%"6$B3':"/$."3.1<&D%($=<($!*#*$<)$)(D

1_"#$5&%.(#3&)(3'"$(3'#($(%'*%$.1*%%(%$<)$3"4"$%(3%"#$.")$)*&"#$#(%"D

1<9:"$(%!(.'#*1$!#(.&%*#&*$%(#$*4*1&*5"/$%&'<*9:"$(%'*$3:"$2"&$."3%&5(#*5*$

3"$~)?&'"$5(%'($(%'<5"6$S$4(#5*5($'(##(%'#($2"&$*4*1&*5*$*$!*#A#$5($%(&%$

(o!(5&9C(%$*"$.*)!"/$"35($eg$!"3'"%$!#@D5('(#)&3*5"%$()$+*?&3('($2"D

#*)$*A3+&5"%$.")$"$<%"$5($#(.(!'"#$YGd/$3"$!#".(%%"$5($4*1&5*9:"$5*$

pesquisa.

S%$,#(*%$<#?*3*%$A4(#*)$<)*$(o!#(%%:"$'(##&'"#&*1$()$[b]b/$5(D

4&5"$!#&3.&!*1)(3'($E%$"?#*%$5($."3%'#<9:"$5*$RnB$K&3+i6$S$5&)&3<&9:"$

4(#&-.*5*$()$[bbe$5(4(D%($E$."3.1<%:"$5(%'*%$"?#*%$($5(!#(%%:"$(."3kD

)&.*$5&#('*)(3'($#(1*.&"3*5*6$S$#(.<!(#*9:"$5*%$,#(*%$<#?*3*%$'"#3*D%($

(4&5(3'($3*$.1*%%&-.*9:"$5($gffc/$.")$<)$*<)(3'"$(o.(!.&"3*1$5($ge]|$

()$ #(1*9:"$*"$*3"$5($[bbe6$B3'#('*3'"/$ ."34@)$"?%(#4*#$=<($*$ .1*%%($

.")"$<)$ '"5"$ 3:"$ #(!#(%(3'*$)*&%$ =<($ [[|$5*$ ,#(*$ '"'*1$ 5($ (%'<5"/$

(4&5(3.&*35"/$)*&%$<)*$4(8/$"$.*#,'(#$()&3(3'()(3'($#<#*1$5(%%(%$)<D

3&.F!&"%6

r$ S!`35&.($ &1<%'#*$ "$h*!*DdF3'(%($ 5(%'*$ !(%=<&%*/$ ?*%(*5"$ ()$

'"5"$"$()?*%*)(3'"$'(i#&."$%"?#($"%$'()*%$5($H(%(#A-.*9:"/$d(3%"#&*D

)(3'"$Q()"'"$($dUY$*!1&.*5"%$*"$h"3&'"#*)(3'"$S)?&(3'*1$<A1&8*5"%$

3(%'*$!(%=<&%*/$*1@)$5*$(o!(#&)(3'*9:"$1*?"#*'"#&*16$B%'($)*!*$%&3'(A8*$

e registra as 1$"(#-!"-$/#'+-M-!"#"$%&'()*+ na área de estudo.

\\

e6$VrOVIRd�Bd$B$QBVrhBOHSt�Bd

5.1 Energia e pobreza: a dualidade intrínseca de Xingó – uma discussão

S$RnB$K&3+i$+(#*$.(#.*$5($�$5*$(3(#+&*$(1@'#&.*$."3%<)&5*$3*$Q(D

+&:"$O"#5(%'($5"$W#*%&16$B3'#('*3'"/$*"$+(#*#$(3(#+&*$*$!*#A#$5(%'($3"',4(1$

#(.<#%"$3*'<#*1$=<($@$"$#&"$d:"$M#*3.&%."/$*1&)(3'*35"$"$5(%(34"14&)(3D

'"$5"%$1"3+F3=<"%$.(3'#"%$<#?*3"%$5*%$.*!&'*&%/$5($2*'"/$3*5*/$"<$=<*%($

3*5*/$2"&$*.#(%.(3'*5"$()$'(#)"%$5($)(1_"#&*$3*%$."35&9C(%$5($4&5*$!*#*$

*%$!"!<1*9C(%$=<($_*?&'*)$*$#(+&:"/$"<$)(%)"$!*#*$"$)(&"$*)?&(3'(6$

S"$."3'#,#&"/$-.*$(4&5(3'(/$3(%'($(%'<5"/$<)$+#*4($=<*5#"$5($5(+#*5*9:"$

*)?&(3'*1$3*$#(+&:"/$)"A4*5"$!(1*%$)*&%$5&4(#%*%$.*<%*%/$ &3A)*)(3'($

relacionadas.

S1+"$(%',$(##*5"$3(%'($)"5(1"6$O:"$2*8$%(3A5"$=<($*$(o!1"#*9:"$

5(%'($!"5(#"%"$.*!&'*1$3*'<#*1$3:"$'(3_*$#(4(#A5"$()$3(3_<)$?(3(0.&"$

#(*1)(3'($%&+3&-.*A4"$!*#*$(%'*%$!"!<1*9C(%/$*$3:"$%(#$<)$.#(%.(3'($($

*4*%%*1*5"#$=<*5#"$5($5(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1$ (/$"$=<($@$!&"#/$ (%!(.&*1D

)(3'($3*%$.&#.<34&8&3_*39*%$5*$#(!#(%*6

j("#&.*)(3'(/$*$!*#A#$5*$."3%'#<9:"$($2<3.&"3*)(3'"$5*$RnB$K&3D

+i$()$[bb^/$(%'(%$)<3&.F!&"%$5(4(#&*)$%(#$"%$)*&"#(%$?(3(-.&,#&"%$5(%'*$

)(+*$."3%'#<9:"$a$"#+<1_"$5*$(3+(3_*#&*$3*.&"3*1$*"$*!#"4(&'*#$"$.~3&"3$

3*'<#*1$5"$Q&"$d:"$M#*3.&%."$a$(/$.")$%<*%$!#i!#&*%$#"._*%/$#(!#(%*#$*%$

>,$(%.*%%*%$,+<*%$5"$d:"$M#*3.&%."$*$<)$.<%'"$-3*3.(&#"$#(1*A4*)(3'($

?*&o"$!*#*$(%'($A!"$5($()!#((35&)(3'"6$O(%'($*%!(.'"/$.*?($3"'*#$=<($

*$!#i!#&*$.#&*9:"$5"$ 1*+"$ >,$ #(!#(%(3'"<$<)$+#*35($ &)!*.'"$*)?&(3'*1$

5(4&5"$*%$,#(*%$5($4(+('*9:"$($2*<3*$&3<35*5*%6$h*%$2"#*)$*%$*9C(%$*3D

'#i!&.*%/$*"$1"3+"$5"%$J1A)"%$[c$*3"%/$=<($'#"<o(#*)$!*#*$*$#(+&:"$(%'($

quadro desolador aqui apresentado.

G"#'*3'"/$ "$ =<($ %($ =<(%A"3*$ @T$ =<*&%$ %:"$ *%$ 4*3'*+(3%$ %&+3&-D

.*A4*%$5*$+(#*9:"$5($(3(#+&*$(1@'#&.*$!*#*$*$#(+&:"�$r%$ &35&.*5"#(%$5($

\] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

5(%(34"14&)(3'"$_<)*3"$."3A3<*)$"%$)*&%$?*&o"%$5"$!*F%/$"%$3J.1("%$

urbanos não registram um crescimento ordenado, mas sim a instalação

5($?"1%C(%$5($!"?#(8*$($5($(o.1<%:"$%".&*1$*1&)(3'*5"%$!(1*$_&%'i#&.*$(%D

'#<'<#*$ 1*A2<35&,#&*$!#i!#&*$5*$ #(+&:"/$ .")?&3*5"$ .")$"$=<*5#"$+(3(D

#*1&8*5"$5($5(+#*5*9:"$*)?&(3'*1$($"$."3%(={(3'($5(.1F3&"$5*$*A4&5*5($

(."3k)&.*6$r%$#(!*%%(%$5($.4A$0+&2$5*$VnBdM$#(%'#&3+()D%($*$G&#*3_*%;

SI$.")$gf|$($V*3&35@$5"$d:"$M#*3.&%.";dB$.")$]f|/$%"?$4*1"#(%$1(+*&%$

)<&'"$*?*&o"$5*%$#(*&%$3(.(%%&5*5(%$5(%'(%$)<3&.F!&"%6$h(%)"$*%$*9C(%$

1".*1&8*5*%$($4(#A.*&%$5"$U3%A'<'"$K&3+i$3:"$'#"<o(#*)$3(3_<)$*4*39"$

%&+3&-.*A4"$!*#*$(%'*%$!"!<1*9C(%/$()?"#*$.*&?*$#(+&%'#*#$"$(%!F#&'"$5($

1<'*/$*$%(#&(5*5($.")$"$'#*'"$%".&*1$ ><3'"$E%$.")<3&5*5(%$.*#(3'(%$($"$

(%2"#9"$."1(A4"$5($'"5"%$"%$=<($2*8()$"$UK6

B%'($(%'<5"$5".<)(3'"<$($.")!#"4"<$.&(3A-.*)(3'($=<($"$=<*D

5#"$@$*54(#%"$%"?$"%$)*&%$5&4(#%"%$*%!(.'"%T$*)?&(3'*1/$%".&*1$($(."3kD

)&."6$H($2*'"/$"%$)<3&.F!&"%$()$(%'<5"$!#(.&%*)$.*5*$4(8$)*&%$5($#(!*%D

%(%$-3*3.(&#"%$5"%$B%'*5"%$($5*$R3&:"$!*#*$%<!#&#$%<*%$5()*35*%$%".&*&%$

()(#+(3.&*&%/$ 3<)$ .&.1"$ 4&.&"%"$ 5($ 5(!(35`3.&*$ (."3k)&.*$ ($ !"1FA.*/$

"35($*%$%(.*%$*+#*4*)$*$%&'<*9:"/$)*%$3:"$#(!#(%(3'*)/$!"#$%&$%i/$*$.*<%*$

(1"={(3'($5"$+#*4($=<*5#"$*)?&(3'*1$*=<&$#(+&%'#*5"6

H($ 2*'"/$ '#&%'()(3'($ %($ ."3.1<&<$=<($*$(3(#+&*$=<($+(#*$ #&=<(8*$

!*#*$"$O"#5(%'($3:"$'#*8$5(%(34"14&)(3'"$%<%'(3',4(1$!*#*$*%$.")<3&D

5*5(%$.*#(3'(%$)*&%$!#io&)*%$E$RnB$K&3+i/$)*%$%&)$<)$=<*5#"$+(#*1$5($

."3%<)"$5(4*%'*5"#$5"%$1&)&'*5"%$#(.<#%"%$3*'<#*&%$5*$.**A3+*/$()$#&'D

mo de destruição perigosamente exponencial. Certamente um limite de

.*#+*$3"$(."%%&%'()*$5*$#(+&:"$(%',$)<&'"$!#io&)"$5($"."##(#6

5.2 1989 – 2003: o recrudescimento dos indicadores ambientais nas 1$"(#-!"#"$%&'(!(#

O<)*$4&%:"$+(#*1/$"$(%'<5"$."3.1<&<$=<($3"$!(#F"5"$"?%(#4*5"/$

[b]b$*$gffc/$*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i$%"2#(<$<)*$."3l3<*/$%&%'(),A.*$($5(4*%D

tadora degradação ambiental. De fato, sob todos os aspectos, o ecossisD

'()*$V**A3+*$2"&$?*%'*3'($*A3+&5"$!(1"$5(%)*'*)(3'"/$(%!(.&*1)(3'($

"35($*!#(%(3'*4*$(%!@.&(%$.")(#.&*1)(3'($)*&%$#(3',4(&%/$"#*$!*#*$.")D

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$\b

!"#$*$)*'#&8$(3(#+@A.*$5*%$!"!<1*9C(%$%(#'*3(>*%/$"#*$!*#*$*$."3%'#<9:"$

.&4&1$"<$!*#*$*$."3=<&%'*$5($3"4*%$,#(*%$5($!*%'*+()$(o'(3%&4*6

B%'*$ 5()*35*$ *3'#i!&.*$ !(1"%$ #(.<#%"%$ 3*'<#*&%$ 3<)$)(&"$ *)D

?&(3'($5($2#,+&1$(=<&1F?#&"$(3'#($%(<%$)J1A!1"%$*+(3'(%$($*"$)(%)"$'()D

po de lenta recuperação, propiciou o surgimento de extensas áreas deD

+#*5*5*%/$5&)&3<&9:"$5($,#(*%$*+#F."1*%$($5($!*%'*+(3%$($"$."3%(={(3'($

#(.#<5(%.&)(3'"$5($&35&.*5"#(%$%".&*&%/$(%'(%$2*#'*)(3'($5&4<1+*5"%$!(1*$

&)!#(3%*$3*.&"3*16$O(%'($."3'(o'"/$*%$."35&9C(%$.1&),A.*%/$+(")"#2"1iD

+&.*%$($%i.&"D.<1'<#*&%$5*$#(+&:"$2*4"#(.(#*)$"$%<#+&)(3'"$5($!#".(%%"%$

5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%$%&+3&-.*A4"%$3*$#(+&:"6

A !"#"$%K()*+ tem causas naturais, elaboradas ao longo de sécuD

1"%$!(1*%$2"#9*%$5*$3*'<#(8*6$h*%$*$!"#"$%&'()*+ tem causas eminenteD

)(3'($*3'#i!&.*%/$()$#&')"$.#(%.(3'(/$.")"$2"&$."3%'*'*5"$3(%'($(%'<5"6$

U%'"$-."<$)<&'"$(4&5(3'($3(%'(%$[c$*3"%$(%'<5*5"%$a$<)$!(#F"5"$)<&'"$

.<#'"$!*#*$"%$5(%F+3&"%$5*$3*'<#(8*$!#"4".*#()$'*)*3_"$5(%*%'#($*)D

biental.

O(%'($*%!(.'"/$*$!(#5*$5($?&"5&4(#%&5*5(/$!"#$(o()!1"/$(%',$ #(D

+&%'#*5*$(%%(3.&*1)(3'($!(1*$5&)&3<&9:"$5*$.1*%%($.**A3+*$*#?<%A4*6$B)$

[[;fc;]b/$(%'*$.1*%%($".<!*4*$<)*$,#(*$5($]e^/[e$�)�/$%(35"$#(5<8&5*$

!*#*$g^e/\c$�)�$()$fe;f[;fc/$"<$%(>*/$<)*$5&)&3<&9:"$5($^b|$3"$!(#FD

"5"/$ &%'"$."3%&5(#*35"$=<($*%$."35&9C(%$!1<4&")@'#&.*%$)*3A4(#*)D%($

5(3'#"$ 5"%$ !*5#C(%$ (%!(#*5"%$ !*#*$ "$ .1&)*$ %()&D,#&5"/$ *1'(#3*35"$ "%$

!(#F"5"%$._<4"%"%$.")$"%$%(."%6$r$!"#'($1(3_"%"$($%(<$!"'(3.&*1$(3(#D

+@A."/$*$3(.(%%&5*5($5($3"4*%$,#(*%$!*#*$*%$*A4&5*5(%$*+#"!*%'"#&%/$"<$

E%$4(8(%$()$%<?%A'<&9:"$E=<(1*%$ >,$5(+#*5*5*%/$($*$#(A#*5*$5($!1*3'*%$

medicinais são as principais causas do desmatamento nesta classe.

r%$5*5"%$'*)?@)$)"%'#*#*)$=<($()$[[;fc;]b$*$>,$!#(".<!*3'($

(o'(3%:"$5($%"1"$(o!"%'"$a$!"#'*3'"$&)!#"5<A4"$5"$!"3'"$5($4&%'*$%"D

.&*1/$(."3k)&."$($*)?&(3'*1$a$#(!#(%(3'*4*$gf|$5*$,#(*$'"'*1$5($(%'<5"6$

B)$fe;f[;fc/$*$)(%)*$.1*%%($>,$!*%%*4*$!*#*$cb|/$!&"#*35"$*$%&'<*9:"6$

Esse preocupante aumento desta classe foi conquistado principalmente

5($,#(*%$*+#F."1*%$"<$5($!*%'*+()$LZZ|P/$"<$%(>*/$,#(*%$=<($()$[[;fc;]b$

(#*)$(."3")&.*)(3'($!#"5<A4*%$($()$fe;f[;fc$(%':"$'"'*1)(3'($ &)D

!#"5<A4*%6$V(#.*$5($[[|$5"$%"1"$(o!"%'"$.1*%%&-.*5"$3*$5*'*$5($gffc$

]f Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

'*)?@)$2"&$."3=<&%'*5"$5*$.**A3+*/$)"%'#*35"$*$2#*+&1&5*5($5(%'($(."%D

%&%'()*$=<*35"$%<),#&*$($%&%'()*A.*)(3'($5(%)*'*5"6

V"3%&5(#*35"$"%$Z6Zfe/gb$�)�$5*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$*$*3,1&%(D%F3'(%($

)"%'#"<$=<($.(#.*$5($g[e$�)�$3"%$%(&%$)<3&.F!&"%$)*&%$!#io&)"%$E$RnB$

K&3+i$*!#(%(3'*)$$!#"?1()*%$)<&'"$+#*4(%$.")$#(1*9:"$E$5(%(#A-.*9:"$

()$>*3(&#"$5($gffc6$O"$'"'*1/$.(#.*$5($b]e/ZZ$�)�$'`)$!#"?1()*%$*)D

?&(3'*&%$ %&+3&-.*A4"%$ #(1*.&"3*5"%$ E$5(%(#A-.*9:"/$ "<$ %(>*/$ gg/c\|$5*$

,#(*$5($(%'<5"$(%':"$#(1*.&"3*5"%$.")$*1+<)$!#".(%%"$5($5(%(#A-.*9:"/$

3(.(%%&'*35"$5($*'(39:"$<#+(3'($!"#$!*#'($5"$Y"4(#3"$($5*$%".&(5*5(6

V"34@)$#(+&%'#*#$"$*%!(.'"$."3%(#4*5"#$5*$*3,1&%($*"$."3%&5(#*#/$

!"#$(o()!1"/$=<($*%$,#(*%$."3%&5(#*5*%$yY#*4F%%&)*%z$'(#&*)$=<($3(.(%D

%*#&*)(3'($*!#(%(3'*#$%"1"$(o!"%'"$3*%$&)*+(3%$5($[b]b/$[bbe$($gffc/$

*1@)$5($(%'*#()$%&'<*5*%$3<)$1&)&*#$5($*1'*$5(3%&5*5($5()"+#,-.*$!*#*$

*$#(+&:"6$G"#'*3'"/$3:"$?*%'"<$*$&)*+()$)*&%$#(.(3'($Lfe;f[;fcP$*!#(D

sentar extensas áreas degradadas, pois se inferiu ao modelo de análise

(%!*.&*1$"<'#*%$4*#&,4(&%$*)?&(3'*&%$($5()"+#,-.*%/$!(#)&A35"$E$!(%=<&D

%*$.&(3l-.*$%"?#($"$'()*$4&%1<)?#*#$3"4*%$"!"#'<3&5*5(%$5($&3."#!"#*#$

"<'#"%$5*5"%$=<($!"%%*)$'(#$<)*$#(!#(%(3'*A4&5*5($(%!*.&*16

R)$ *%!(.'"$ &)!"#'*3'($ *$ ."3.1<&#$ 5&8$ #(%!(&'"$ E$ .")!#"4*9:"$

()$.*)!"$5"%$#(%<1'*5"%$"?A5"%$*$!*#A#$5*%$'@.3&.*%$5($G#".(%%*)(3D

'"$H&+&'*1$5($U)*+(3%$()$d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$<A1&8*5*%$*"$1"3+"$5"$

(%'<5"6$B)?"#*$3:"$%(>*$3(3_<)*$3"4&5*5($3*$1&'(#*'<#*$%"?#($"$'()*/$

3:"$%($#(+&%'#"<$3(3_<)$"<'#"$(%'<5"$=<($(32".*%%($(%!(.&-.*)(3'($*$

Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i$3"$."3'(o'"$5"%$!#".(%%"%$5(%(#A-.*'i#&"%/$."3.&1&*35"$

5*5"%$(%!(.'#*&%$"#&<35"%$5($&)*+(3%$%*'(1&'*&%$.")$5*5"%$5()"+#,-."%$

*"$3F4(1$5"$)&.#"$5*5"$#(!#(%(3'*5"$!(1"%$%('"#(%$.(3%&',#&"%$#<#*&%6$G"D

5(D%(/$*%%&)/$*-#)*#$=<($*$!(%=<&%*$2"&$2*4"#(.&5*$!(1*$!<?1&.*9:"$5(%%(%$

5*5"%$()$gffc$!(1"$UWYB6

B3-)/$"$(%'<5"$."3.1<&<$.1*#*)(3'($=<($"$)"5(1"$(."3k)&."$()$

<%"$3:"$@$%<%'(3',4(1$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i6$G(1"$."3'#,#&"/$(o&+(D%($5($'"5*$

*$%".&(5*5($<)*$)<5*39*$3*$2"#)*$5($!(3%*#$($*+&#$%"?#($"$%()&D,#&5"$

3"#5(%A3"$($%<*$4&*?&1&5*5($*+#"D(."1i+&.*6$h<&'*%$(o!(#&`3.&*%/$*1+<)*%$

3"4*%$($"<'#*%$3()$'*3'"/$'`)$5()"3%'#*5"$"$!"'(3.&*1$($*$4&*?&1&5*5($

+("*)?&(3'*1$5"$%()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"/$.")"$4()$)"%'#*35"$5&4(#%*%$($

recorrentes reportagens na imprensa.

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$][

V")"$5&'"$*3'(#&"#)(3'(/$%i$"$?&3k)&"$V&`3.&*$�$j(.3"1"+&*$'()$

*%$ #(*&%$ ."35&9C(%$!*#*$ 4&*?&1&8*#$ <)*$ %"1<9:"$ *)?&(3'*1)(3'($ %<%'(3D

',4(1$!*#*$(%'*%$.")<3&5*5(%$.*#(3'(%$5"$%(#':"/$%()$.")!#")('(#$*%$

+(#*9C(%$2<'<#*%$"</$.")"$%($(%',$(4&5(3.&*35"$3(%'($(%'<5"/$*'@$)(%)"$

a atual geração.

S.#(5&'*D%($=<($(%'($(%'<5"$*A3+&<$!1(3*)(3'($%(<%$"?>(A4"%$*"$

propor não apenas um método, mas sim uma metodologia transdiscipliD

3*#$=<($ &3'(+#*$5*5"%$+("##(2(#(3.&*5"%$3<)*$*!1&.*9:"$!#,A.*$5($%<D

!"#'($*$5(.&%C(%$(%'#*'@+&.*%$!*#*$"$ %()&D,#&5"$?#*%&1(&#"$*"$ &5(3A-.*#$

($ 1".*1&8*#$"$ 2(3k)(3"$5*$5(%(#A-.*9:"$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i6$ V*?(#,$ E$

%".&(5*5($(/$)*&%$(%!(.&-.*)(3'(/$E$*.*5()&*/$."3A3<*#$(%'($'#*?*1_"6

B3-)/$(%'*$!(%=<&%*$5(%'*."<$*%$%(+<&3'(%$."3.1<%C(%T

�$S%$*9C(%$*3'#i!&.*%$3"%$J1A)"%$[c$*3"%$'#"<o(#*)$<)$+#*4($5(D

%(=<&1F?#&"$*)?&(3'*1$3*$#(+&:"

�$B3'#($[b]b$($gffc$_"<4($<)$#(.#<5(%.&)(3'"$5"%$&35&.*5"#(%$

*)?&(3'*&%$3*$,#(*$5($(%'<5"/$.")$(%!(.&*1$5(+#*5*9:"$5*$4(D

+('*9:"$V**A3+*

�$H(%(#A8*9:"$4(#%<%$H(%(#A-.*9:"T$"$!#&)(&#"$."3.(&'"$#(2(#(D%($

E%$.*<%*%$3*'<#*&%/$*"$!*%%"$=<($"$%(+<35"/$E$*9:"$*3'#i!&.*$a$

5*F$*$"!9:"$!(1"$%(+<35"$'(#)"$3(%'*$!(%=<&%*

�$r%$%&%'()*%$5($!#"5<9:"$*+#"!(.<,#&*$()$<%"$3:"$%:"$*)?&(3D

'*1)(3'($%<%'(3',4(&%$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i

�$n,$<)*$5<*1&5*5($&3'#F3%(.*$()$K&3+iT$#&=<(8*$(3(#+@A.*$4(#%<%$

!"?#(8*$_<)*3*

�$S$4*1&5*9:"$()$.*)!"$."3-#)"<$*$(-.&`3.&*$5*%$'(.3"1"+&*%$5($

d(3%"#&*)(3'"$Q()"'"$ ($ dUY$ 3*$ &5(3A-.*9:"/$ =<*3A-.*9:"$ ($

1".*1&8*9:"$5*%$,#(*%$5($#&%."

�$S$."3'#&?<&9:"$E$!(%=<&%*$.&(3l-.*$%"?#($"$'()*$5*$5(%(#A-.*D

9:"$(%',$(4&5(3.&*5*$!(1"$)@'"5"$."3'#"1*5"$=<($&3'(+#*$5&4(#D

%"%$A!"%$5($5*5"%$+("(%!*.&*&%$3<)*$*3,1&%($(%!*9"D'()!"#*1

�$S=<&%&9:"$5($[fY?$5($5*5"%$+("##(2(#(3.&*5"%$5&%!"3&?&1&8*5"%$

*"%$(%'<5*3'(%/$!#"2(%%"#(%/$!(%=<&%*5"#(%$($&3%A'<&9C(%$!J?1&D

cas.

]g Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

REFERÊNCIAS

SVVUrI�/$I6m$rIU7BUQS/$h6m$HS$dUI7S/$M6m$WRQYrd/$O6$,2(./()*+-!"-A4!(5-)(#-5+-,.?"!+-!+-OP'."+-!"-Q"#"$%&'()*+-!+-L"$/!R-(:$(2S#-!"-J0(D"5#-!+-T(5!#(:-@A6$ U3T$K$dUhGvdUr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$dBOdrDQUShBOjr$QBhrjr/$M"8$5"$U+<*9</$gff[/$!6$eZbDee^6$S3*&%6

SVVUrI�/$ I6m$ GSVn�Vr/$S6m$ VrdjS/$ j6m$ IrGBd/$r6m$rIU7BUQS/$h6$ Q(1*9C(%$()!F#&.*%$(3'#($*$(%'#<'<#*$5*$4(+('*9:"$($5*5"%$5"$%(3%"#$jh;LANDSAT. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. V*)!&3*$Y#*35(/$GW/$4"16$^/$36$c/$!6$ZbgDZb]/$gffg6

SHShU/$h6m$GUOnBUQr/$B6m$hrQBUQS/$h6$Aplicações de Diferentes Algorit-0+#-=($(- (- 9.(##/&'()*+-!"- J0(D"5#- C@AUVT,OQL,@WX- 5+-A(-peamento Agrócola6$d:"$N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%/$dGT$UOGB/$gffg6$Z[$!6

ShrQUh/$S6m$WQSOHur/$Q6m$hSjjrd/$ Nm$MQBUQB/$O6$Projeto Geoturismo Xingó6$V*3&35@$5($d:"$M#*3.&%."/$dBT$U3%A'<'"$K&3+i/$gff[6$[b^$!6

ShrQUh/$S6m$YShS/$n6m$hSjjrd/$N6m$MQBUQB/$O6$Atlas Xingó. Canindé de d:"$M#*3.&%."/$dBT$U3%A'<'"$K&3+i/$gffg6$^Z$!6

ANDRADE, M.C. A <$+?."01%'(-!(-L"'(6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$IF?(#$Y#,-.*$($B5&D'"#*/$[bbb6$bZ!6

SOHQSHBDIUhS/$H6$Um pouco de ecologia para o Nordeste6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$RMGB/$[b\g6

___________. !"#$%&&'()&*$+,-.(./-6$U3T$Q(4&%'*$W#*%&1(&#*$5($W"'~3&.*/$36$Z/$!6$[ZbD[ec/$[b][6

SQS�Nr/$S6m$dSOjrd/$h6m$hBROUBQ/$U6m$QrHSI/$h6$Q"#"$%&'()*+-"-L"'(. Q(.&2(T$Y#,-.*$($B5&'"#*$5"$O"#5(%'($I'5*6/$gffg6$^c$!6

ARONOF, S. 0#,)1&2".%$ .(3,1-&',($ *4*5#-6$ &$7&(&)#-#(5$ 8#1*2#%-

'9#6$V*3*5,T$pHI$G<?1&.*A"3%/$[b]b6

ASSIS, J. S. Y/+D"+D$(&(-"-9+5#"$2()*+-!(-Y/+!/2"$#/!(!"6$h*.(&i/$SIT$V*'*4(3'"/$gfff6$[bb$!6

____________. Q"#"$%&'()*+-"0-,.(D+(#$LS3,1&%($MF%&."DS)?&(3'*1$G#(D1&)&3*#P6$h*.(&i/$SIT$RMSI/$gffg6$S!"%A1*6


AURÉLIO. Novo Dicionário Básico da Língua Portuguesa. Folha de São Paulo, Editora Nova Fronteira: Rio de Janeiro, 1988. 689 p.

AYALA, R.; BECERRA, A; IRIBARNE, L. F.; BOSCH, A. DÍAZ, J.R. GIS System as

a Decision Support Tool for Agricultural Planning in Arid Zones os

Spain. In: GEOMÁTICA, Vol. 51, N° 6, 1997, pp. 234 a 255.

BANON, G.J.F.; BARREIRA, J. !"#$#% &"% '()*(+(,-"% '".$/012"% 3")"% "%

Análise de Imagens Binárias. UFPE, Recife, 1994.

BARROS, I.; SAMPAIO, E. !"#$%&%'()%*)+,,-$',)./#01#2),3).#44,)5,&",6,7)!87)9%43"#,23#4$):4,;1&. Revista Biotropica, n. 29(1), 1997. p. 57-68.

BAUTISTA, H. P. 4#352-$#%6)78)$"#%&"%9""1:,";%#<"%-/3().=:2-"%$2(:>/--

ca!"#$%"&'()*+',"+,-./"0"1002$30"/"+40"56)7,.089,":0;',$07!"</'.0"

de Santana, BA: 1988. 215 p.

BONHAM-CARTER, G.F. <#%'4,/"10)1$*%4=,-%$)2(23#=)*%4)'#%01#$-232>)

modelling with GIS!"=>0?0%"@/.30(,$!"ABC")!"D1,()4E/."F/EG-ods in the Geosciences, 13).

BRASIL, GOVERNO DO. ?$#$)1@2"AB(% C% DDD% 9(:*$)E:2-"% &"#% F").$#% &"%9(:G$:AB(% &"#%H"AI$#%J:-&"#. Brasília, DF: Ministério do Meio H(-'/$E/I"@.J2;0"K.JL;0"/"5M'E,.0N"OBBB!"PA")!

___________. ?-)$.)-K$#%3")"%"%F(+L12"%H"2-(:"+%&$%9(:.)(+$%&"%?$#$)1-

@2"AB(%C%3)(M$.(%!N6%OPQRPS. Brasília, DF: Ministério do Meio Am-biente, 1998.

___________. ?$#$)1@2"AB(T%!)"#L+-"U%?V;%'-:-#.5)-(%&(%'$-(%6/7-$:.$U%

WRRP!"Q'+),$RS/7"/("TG>)%UU???!((0!3,S!-.U),.EU./M/+/.EUM/-+/.E-.!GE(7V!"H;/++,"/("OBUWBUWA!

___________. '"3"%&$% X<#2$317-+-&"&$% Y%?$#$)1@2"AB(. Brasília, DF: 1998b. 95 p.

X:#Y=N"5!"D1,,.M/$089,"K/.07Z!"'"3$"/$:.(%9<+.<)"+%&(#%'<:-2L3-(#%&(%

Z"+$%&(%N-(%XB(%V)":2-#2(%:(%4#."&(%&$%6+",("#. Maceió: Ministé-.',"M0"147E4.0N"PWWW!"OCP")!

]Z Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

WRQQrRYn/$ G6S6$ 81.(%.2:#*$ ,3$ )#,)1&2".%&:$ .(3,1-&',($ *4*5#-*$ 3,1$

:&(+$1#*,/1%#*$&**#**-#(5M(9W;4.'F(9W;4.'(<"7C&.278A(/.&22O(H_gTM(H_v-M(G*4"46.$-#2(4"(@470($"'(.&241.%&2(@1.C&AO(HRIM

VSInBUQrd/$d6$@4$/#0+-2"$#4#-,D$/'4.:4$(-5+-T/:+$(.-A"$/!/+5(.-,.(D+-ano6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"/$QN/$gfff6$gee$!6$j(%($LH"<'"#*5"$()$Y("+#*D-*P6$H(!*#'*)(3'"$5($Y("+#*-*6$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5(#*1$5"$Q&"$5($Janeiro.

V�hSQS/$Y6$Epistemologia do Geoprocessamento. São José dos Campos, dGT$UOGB/$gff[6

V�hSQS/$Y6$Geoprocessamento: Teoria e Aplicações. São José dos CamD!"%/$ dGT$ UOGB/$ gfff6$ H&%!"3F4(1$ ()$ �_�!T;;5!&6&3!(6?#;+&1?(#'";1&4#"�6$LS!"%A1*P6

VSQ7SInr/$76$,?+$!(D"0-04.%"#'(.(-=($(-+-0+5/:+$(0"5:+-!"-/5!/'(-!+$"#-!+-=$+'"##+-!"-!"#"$%&'()*+6$U3T$K$dUhGvdUr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$dBOdrQUShBOjr$QBhrjr/$M"8$5"$U+<*9</$gff[/$!6$[ecbD[ee[6$Anais.

VS7SIVSOjB/$B6$Lr#+*3&8*5"#P6 Desenvolvimento Regional e Sustentabi-lidade6$h*.(&iT$V*'*4(3'"/$[bbb6$[cb$!6

VSQOSG/$Q6m$YSQHOBQ/$h6$;(51,+/%',($5,$5"#$8".:,*,2"4$,3$<%.#(%#=$>,-9#1$8/?:.%&',(*/$I"35"3T$[bbe6

VnBdM6$A história do Rio São Francisco6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$VnBdM/$gff[6$H&%!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��6._(%26+"46?#�6$S.(%%"$()$[[;[f;fc6

__________. J52"5:1$/+-@4$;#%'+-!(-I"D/*+-!+#-T(D+#-!+-I/+-L*+-Z$(5-cisco6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$VnBdM/$[bbe6

VnQUdjrMrIBjjU/$ S6$A+!".(D"0- !"- L/#:"0(#- ,0?/"5:(/#. 1a. Ed. São G*<1"/$dGT$B5+*#5$W1{._(#/$[bbb6$g[e$!6

COLWELL, R.N. 7&(/&:$,3$@#-,5#$<#(*.()6$M*11%$V_<#._/$7&#+&3&*$T$S)(#&D.*3$d".&('X$"2$G_"'"+#*))('#X/$[b]c6

VrdjS/$j6m$SVVUrI�/$I6m$rIU7BUQS/$h6m$WRQYrd/$O6m$dUI7S/$M6$A(="(0"5:+-!(-Z/:+0(##(-!(-9((%5D(-!+-OP'."+-!"-Q"#"$%&'()*+-!+-L"$/!R[-pelo Índice de Área de Planta (IAP) e o Índice de Vegetação da

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$]e

Q/E"$"5)(- O+$0(./K(!(- \OQ]J^[- +?%!+- '+0- !(!+#- !+- L"5#+$-T(5!#(:-X-@A6$ U3T$K$ dUhGvdUr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$dBOdrQUShBOjr$QBhrjr/$M"8$5"$U+<*9</$gff[/$!6$[e^cD[e\c6$S3*&%6

VQvdjS/$S6$Processamento Digital de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remo-to6$V*)!&3*%/$dGT$UY;ROUVShG/$[bbc6$[\f$!6

VR�IISQ/$N6$Lr#+*3&8*5"#P6$Nossa diversidade criadora6$V*)!&3*%/$dGT$G*D!&#<%m$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$ROBdVr/$[bb\6$Z[^$!6

HUBjBQUVn/$n6$O+2+-N4/(-=($(-(-<"#_4/#(-9/"5`&'(6$W1<)(3*</$dVT$B5&D'"#*$5*$MRQW/$[bbb6$g^c$!6

BhWQSGS$a$V(3'#"$O*.&"3*1$5($G(%=<&%*$5($d"1"%6$Sistema Brasileiro de 9.(##/&'()*+-!"-L+.+#6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$[bbb6$Z[g$!6

BQHSd$M&(15$Y<&5(6$e*6$(56$a$S'1*3'*$T$BQHSd$U3.6/$[bbb6

FAO. >#*#1'A%&',(6$H&%!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��62*"6"#+;5(%(#A-.*A"3;5(2*<1'6*%!�1*3+�(3�6$S.(%%"$()$[g;[f;fc6

MSjrQYUd6$O que é Geoprocessamento?... E o que isto tem a ver com você?$V<#&A?*T$d*+#(%$B5&'"#*/$gfff6$H&%!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��62*'"#+&%6.")6?#�6$S.(%%"$()$fe;[[;fg6

MBQQBUQS/$H6$Y6m$hBIr/$n6$G6m$OBjr/$M6$Q6$Q6m$OSdVUhBOjr/$G6$ N6$d6m$QrDHQUYRBd/$76$S$Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-O+$!"#:"-!+-Y$(#/.a-Q/(D5R#%'+-"-<"$#="'%2(#6$ U3T$V"32(#`3.&*$O*.&"3*1$($d()&3,#&"$I*A3"DS)(#&D.*3"$5*$H(%(#A-.*9:"6$M"#'*1(8*/$[bbZ6

FLORENZANO, T. Imagens de satélite para estudos ambientais6$d:"$G*<1"T$r-.&3*$5($j(o'"%/$gffg6$b\$!6

MrInS$rO$IUOB6$8Ob-!/#'4:"-!"#"$%&'()*+-"-#"'(-!4$(5:"-$"45/*+-"0-Cuba6$ H&%!"3F4(1$ ()$ �_�!T;;��62"1_*"31&3(6.")6?#�6$ S.(%%"$()$[];fb;gffc6

MrOdBVS/$I6m$IrGBd/$B6m$�ShSYRVnU/$M6m$7UOnSd/$I6$Processamento Digi-tal de Imagens6$d:"$N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%/$dGT$UOGB/$gfff6$LS!"%A1*P6

FRANCO, A. Por que precisamos de Desenvolvimento Local, Integrado e Sustentável6$W#*%F1&*T$s+"#*/$gfff6

]^ Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

MQBUQB/O6m$hrRQS/$H6m$GBQBUQS/$B6m$dVnIUOHpBUO/$V6m$GSVn�Vr/$S6$Clas-#/&'()*+-!"-Z/:+&#/+5+0/(#-5+-C5:+$5+-!(-b#/5(-c/!$".S:$/'(-!"-d/5DR[-#"D45!+-O;2"/#-!"-Q"D$(!()*+-+?%!+#-(:$(2S#-!+--<$+'"#-samento Digital de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto. Recife, GBT$RMGB/$gffc6$L3"$!#(1"6P

MQUBHBI/$n6$As grandes leis da biosfera6$d:"$G*<1"/$dGT$BHRdG/$[bbb6$Z\b$!6

YBhSBI/$ V6$ Introdução ao ajustamento das observações: aplicações geodésicas6$V<#&A?*/$GQT$RMGQ/$[bbZ6

YrIH/$V6h6/$VSddSRIj/$G6$B($C9#(5D>1.9#($B221,&%"$5,$<2&',D!#-2,1&:$

7&22.()6$U3T$YBrhsjUVS/$7"16$ef/$O�$Z/$[bb^/$!!6$Z[e$*$ZgZ6

YrIHVnUIH/$h6M6$0#,)1&2".%&:$ .(3,1-&',($ *4*5#-*$ .($ /(+#1)1&+/&5#$

)#,)1&2"46$&$%,(5#-2,1&14$+.:#--&6$U3T$j_($r!(#*A"3*1$Y("+D#*!_(#/$36$]/$[b]e6$!6$cZDc]6

nS�BIjrO/$O6$p6$!#-2,1&:$B*2#%5*$,3$7&2$&(+$7&22.()6$<,-#$;-2:.%&-

',(*6$ U3T$d<#4(X&3+$*35$I*35$U32"#)*A"3$dX%'()%/$7"16$e\/$O�$[/$[bb\/$!!6$Zg$*$eZ6

UWShS6$Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-Y$(#/.6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$h(&"$S)?&D(3'(/$gffc6$H&%!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��6&?*)*6+"46?#�6$S.(%%"$()$gg;fb;fc6

INPE. Divisão de Geração de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto. DisD!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��6&3!(6?#;5+&�6$S.(%%"$()$[f;[f;fc6

INPE. Tutorial do Spring6$ d:"$ N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%/$ dGT$ UOGB/$ gff[6$ cfe$!6$LS!"%A1*P6

___________. Divisão de Geração de Imagens de Sensoriamento Re-moto6$d&'($5*$ U3'(#3('6$H&%!"3F4(1$()$�_�!T;;��6&3!(6?#;5+&�6$S.(%%"$()$fe;[f;fc6

UOdjUjRjr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$YBrYQSMUS$B$BdjSjwdjUVS6$Censo Demográ-&'+-effe-,D$"D(!+-=+$-L":+$"#-9"5#/:1$/+#-g-]+.7-6-I"D/*+-O+$-deste6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$UWYB/$gffc6$[$VHDQrh

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$]\

____________. 9"5#+-Q"0+D$1&'+-6hhh-,D$"D(!+-=+$-L":+$-9"5#/:1$/+-dos resultados do universo – Vol. 3 Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe e Bahia6$g*6$B5&9:"6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$UWYB/$gffc6$[$VHDQrh

_____________. A(.3(-!"-L":+$-9"5#/:1$/+-I4$(.-Q/D/:(.-!+-Y$(#/.-g-L/:4-ação 2000 – Vol. 36$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$UWYB/$gffc6$[$VHDQrh

_____________. Y(#"-!"-J5E+$0()>"#-A45/'/=(/#-H6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$UWYB/$gffc6$[$VHDQrh

_____________. A(=(- !(- LS$/"- Y$(#/.WN"+D$1&'+7- C#'(.(- eai7hhh7hhh[-Sistema de Projeção Policônica6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$UWYB/$[bb\6$[$VHDROM

UOdjUjRjr$KUOYv6$I".(:R$/+-!"-,%2/!(!"#-!+-N"+j/5DR. Canindé de São M#*3.&%."/$dBT$UK/$gffg6

JENSEN, J.R. ;(51,+/%5,14$>.).5&:$ ;-&)#$81,%#**.()6$B$@#-,5#$<#(*.()$

8#1*2#%'9#6$B3+1(�""5$V1&�%/$O(�$N(#%(X$T$G#(A.(Dn*11/$[bbb6

NBdRd/$G6$�$drSQBd/$Y6$C#:$4:4$()*+-!"-40-#"$2/)+-!"-(=+/+-M#-(%2/!(!"#-"'+5k0/'+W=$+!4%2(#-5+-G0?/:+-!+-<$+D$(0(-d/5DR6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$RMQGB/$gfff6$LQ(1*'i#&"[email protected]&."6P

JORNAL DO COMMERCIO. Nada brota no solo salino de Cabrobó. Recife, GBT$[Z;[[;bb/$V*5(#3"$B%!(.&*16

___________. Seca, devastação e abandono6$ Q(.&2(/$ GBT$ [f;[[;fg6$ ["6$Caderno.

�Sjr/$h6j6$L.""#56P6$Q/(D5R#%'+-!(#-9+5!/)>"#-L(5/:1$/(#-"-,0?/"5:(/#-na Área de Xingó6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$H(!*#'*)(3'"$5($B3+(3_*#&*$V&4&1;Y#<!"$5($d*3(*)(3'"$S)?&(3'*1/$RMGB/$[bbb6$$[ee$$!6

�S�hUBQV�S�/$h6$b#+-!"-Q(!+#-,]cIIVO8,,-N,9-=($(-,51./#"-!(-L(-K+5(./!(!"-!(-9((%5D(6$M"#'*1(8*/$VBT$M<35*9:"$V(*#(3%($5($h(D'("#"1"+&*$($Q(.<#%"%$nF5#&."%/$[bb^6

___________. Q"#"52+.2/0"5:+-!"-40-,.D+$/:0+-=($(-A+!".($-(-L4#-'"%?/./!(!"-!"-Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-O+$!"#:"-Y$(#/."/$+a-,.D+$/:0+-

]] Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire e Admilson da Penha Pachêco

ISD6$ U3T$ K$ dUhGvdUr$ WQSdUIBUQr$HB$ dBOdrQUShBOjr$ QBhrjr/$M"8$5"$U+<*9</$gff[/$!6$[^\eD[^b[6$S3*&%6

ISOHdSj$e$jh6$V(3*$g[em$v#?&'*T$f^\m$H*'*$5($!*%%*+()T$[[;fc;[b]b6$d:"$ N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%T$ U3%A'<'"$O*.&"3*1$ 5($G(%=<&%*%$ B%!*.&*&%/$gffg6$U)*+()$5($d*'@1&'(6$W*35*%$[/$g/$c/$Z/$e$($\6

��6$V(3*$g[em$v#?&'*T$f^\m$H*'*$5($!*%%*+()T$f^;[f;[bbe6$d:"$ N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%T$ U3%A'<'"$O*.&"3*1$ 5($G(%=<&%*%$ B%!*.&*&%/$gffg6$U)*+()$5($d*'@1&'(6$W*35*%$[/$g/$c/$Z/$e$($\6

ISOHdSj$\$Bjh�6$V(3*$g[em$v#?&'*T$f^\m$H*'*$5($!*%%*+()T$fe;f[;gffc6$d:"$ N"%@$5"%$V*)!"%T$ U3%A'<'"$O*.&"3*1$ 5($G(%=<&%*%$ B%!*.&*&%/$gffg6$U)*+()$5($d*'@1&'(6$W*35*%$[/$g/$c/$Z/$e$($\6

IUO/$n6m$ VnrU/$ d6�6$B$7/:'DE.(+,E$B221,&%"$ 3,1$ FD>$ <2&',D!#-2,1&:$

;(3,1-&',($G.*/&:.H&',(6$U3T$YBrhsjUVS/$7"16$ef/$O�$c/$[bb^/$!!6$g^[$*$g^\6

IUOd/$h6m$SIWRxRBQxRB/$V6$Tecnologias para reduzir a pobreza no semi-árido6$d*14*5"#/$WST$RMWS/$gff[6

IrVn/$V6$@+=+D$(&(-'+5:"0=+$G5"(6$M1"#&*3i!"1&%/$dVT$RMdV/$[bbe6

MALDONADO, F. I+:()*+- C#="':$(.- 9+5:$+.(!(- '+0+- (.:"$5(%2(- "0-Análise por Componentes Principais para detecção de mudanças em regiões do semi-árido6$U3T$K$dUhGvdUr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$dBOdrDQUShBOjr$QBhrjr/$M"8$5"$U+<*9</$gff[/$!6$^g\D^cf6$S3*&%6

hSjSIIr/$n6$S$Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-A45!+-"-5+-Y$(#/.6$U3T$dVnBO�BI/$V6$d6$�$hSjSIIr/$n6$L"#+6P6$H(%(#A-.*9:"6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$ROBdVr/$[bbb6$!6$bDge6

MENDONÇA, A. Pão de Açúcar História e Efemérides6$G:"$5($S9J.*#/$SIT$G#(2(&'<#*$h<3&.&!*1$5($G:"D5(DS9J.*#/$[b\Z6

hBOBdBd/$G6m$hSHBUQS$OBjjr/$N6$Lr#+*3&8*5"#(%P6$Sensoriamento Remo-:+-g-I"F"':G5'/(-!+#-,.2+#-O(:4$(/#6$W#*%F1&*T$B5&'"#*$R3W/$gff[6$g^g$!6

MOREIRA, M. Z45!(0"5:+#-!+-L"5#+$/(0"5:+-I"0+:+-"-A":+!+.+D/(#-de Aplicação6$g*6$B56$7&9"%*/$hYT$RM7/$gffc6$cf\$!6

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$SOsIUdB$B$hSGBShBOjr$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$]b

MORIN, E. Os Sete Saberes Necessários à Educação do Futuro6$d:"$G*<1"T$V"#'(8m$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$ROBdVr/$gfff6$[[]$!6

____________. Saberes Globais e Saberes Locais6$Q&"$5($N*3(&#"T$Y*#*D)"35/$gfff6$\^$!6

MOURA, D. I/_4"K(- "-,?45!G5'/(- !"-,?".3(#- "0-Q/E"$"5:"#- C#:1D/+#-!"-Q"D$(!()*+-!(-9((%5D(-'+0+-J5!/'(!+$"#-,0?/"5:(/#-5+-C5-torno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Xingó. Dissertação de Mestrado em Y(%':"$($G"1FA.*%$S)?&(3'*&%6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$RMGB/$H(!*#'*)(3'"$5($Y("+#*-*/$gffc6

NOVO, E. Sensoriamento Remoto – Princípios e Aplicações6$d:"$G*<1"T$B5+*#5$W1{._(#/$[b]b6$gbc$!6

rIU7BUQS/$d6m$WSQQBjr/$h6$IBUjB/$M6$VSQ7SInr/$Y6$Degradação Ambiental "-L4#'"=%?/./!(!"-M-Q"#"$%&'()*+-5(-I"D/*+-!+-AS!/+-l(D4($/?"-– CE6$U3T$KU$dUhGvdUr$WQSdUIBUQr$HB$dBOdrQUShBOjr$QBhrjr/$W(1"$n"#&8"3'(/$gffc/$!6$[c[eD[cgg6$S3*&%6

GBQS��r/$ Y6hm$ �Sjr/$ h6j6m$ MIrQBOVUr/$ I66$ Avaliação do Saneamento ,0?/"5:(.-"0-6f-A45/';=/+#-5(-I"D/*+-!+-L"0/Wm$/!+[-O+$!"#:"-do Brasil6$U3T$KK7UUU$V"3+#(%%"$U3'(#*)(#&.*3"$5($U3+(3&(#F*$d*3&D',#&*$X$S)?&(3'*16$S3*&%6$V*3.J3/$h@o&."/$gffg6

PONZONI, F.J. Comportamento Espectral da Vegetação6$U3T$hBOBdBd/$G6$R., NETTO, J. S. M. SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO – REFLECTÂNCIA Hrd$SI7rd$OSjRQSUd6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$R3Wm$G1*3*1A3*T$B)?#*!*$V(#D#*5"%/$gff[6$g^g!6

QShSInr$ MUInr/$ Q6$ Lr#+*3&8*9:"P6$ Sustentabilidade do Desenvolvim-ento6$Q(.&2(T$B56$R3&4(#%&',#&*$5*$RMGB/$[bb]6$[ef$!6

REIS, J. Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-O+$!"#:"6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$dRHBOB/$[b]]6$Zf$!6

REIS, M. Conservação dos Ecossistemas do Nordeste Brasileiro6$ U3T$d&)!i%&"$%"?#($V**A3+*$($%<*$Bo!1"#*9:"$Q*.&"3*16$M(&#*$5($d*3D'*3*/$WST$BhWQSGSDHHj/$[b]Z6$c^[$!6

QBdBOHB/$h6m$VRQU/$O6m$QB�BOHB/$d6m$VrQQ�S/$Y6$Pedologia: base para !/#%5)*+-!"-(0?/"5:"#6$c*6$(56$a$7&9"%*$T$OBGRj/$[bbb6


QrHQUYRBd/$ 76m$ hSjSIIr$ N#6/$ nm$ IUOnSQBd/$ h6$ V6m$ YSI7ur/$ S6$ I6$ V6m$YrQY�OUr/$S6$d6$,2(./()*+-!+-n4(!$+-!(-Q"#"$%&'()*+-5+-O+$-!"#:"a- Q/(D5R#%'+- "- <"$#="'%2(#6$ U3T$ V"32(#`3.&*$ U3'(#3*.&"3*1$%"?#($ U)!*.'"%$ 5($ 7*#&*9C(%$ V1&),A.*%$ ($H(%(34"14&)(3'"$ d<%D'(3',4(1$()$Q(+&C(%$d()&D,#&5*%6$M"#'*1(8*/$[bbg6

ROMÃO, V. Geodésia6$LS!"%A1*P6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$RMGB/$gffg6

dSVnd/$ U6$Estratégias de Transição para o Século XXI6$d:"$G*<1"T$d'<5&"$Nobel, 1993. 103 p.

____________. Caminhos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Rio de N*3(&#"T$Y*#*)"35/$gfff6$b^$!6

SAMPAIO, E.; SAMPAIO, Y. Q"#"$%&'()*+6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$B5&'"#*$R3&4(#%&',#&*$RMGB/$gffg6$]e$!6

SANTOS, A. Geodésia Elementar: princípios de posicionamento global – GPS6$Q(.&2(/$GBT$B5&'"#*$5*$RMGB/$gff[6

SANTOS, A.;ANDRADE, J. O+2(-N"+D$(&(-!"-L"$D/="6$S#*.*></$dBT$d(.#(D'*#&*$5"$B%'*5"$5*$B5<.*9:"$5"$B%!"#'($($I*8(#/$R3&4(#%&5*5($M(5D(#*1$5($d(#+&!(/$[bb]6$[Z]$!6

dBSWQS/$Y6$<"#_4/#(-9/"5`&'(a-+-AS:+!+-"0-n4"#:*+6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$B5&D'"#*$R3&4(#%&5*5($5($W#*%F1&*/$gff[6$[gZ$!6

@B@)!,5@(k!(B=39J,5D{9=(5,wB!=)5U(!=(U9@(/J9>J5,5@(k!(5DD{9=(=5DB9=5U(/5J5(U5(U<D|5(D9=)J5(U5(k!@!J)B3BD5DB}=. PNUD – G#"+#*)*$5*%$O*9C(%$R3&5*%$!*#*$"$H(%(34"14&)(3'"6$O(�$�"#�/$EUA, 1999.

@9<z5O(DM(B(I:.*#$-/:'5#-2,1&:$+&$%,?#15/1&$9#)#5&:$2&1&$+#5#%JK,$+#$

-/+&(J&*$(,$-/(.%L2.,$+#$M#+1,D8CM(B"F(mB(@B,/}@B9(wJ5@BU!BJ9(k!( @!=@9JB5,!=)9( J!,9)9O( w&04( |4.7:4"8&O( RSScO( -M( R_S`LR_HRM(5"$72M

STAR, J.; ESTES, J. 0#,)1&2".%$;(3,1-&',($<4*5#-*6$B($;(51,+/%',(. EnD+1(�""5$V1&�%/$O(�$N(#%(X$T$G#(3A.(Dn*11/$[bbf6


dRHBOB6$I(4*3'*)(3'"$Bo!1"#*'i#&"$5($d"1"%$5"$B%'*5"$5($S1*+"*%6$Q(.D&2(T$dRHBOB/$[b\e6$egc$!6

____________. T"2(5:(0"5:+-Cj=.+$(:R$/+-!"-L+.+#-!+-C#:(!+-!"-L"$-gipe6$Q(.&2(T$dRHBOB/$[b\e6$efe$!6

____________. <$+'"##+#- !"- Q"#"$%&'()*+- 5+- O+$!"#:"6$ Q(.&2(/$ GBT$h&3&%'@#&"$5"$U3'(#&"#/$[b]c6

dRUjd/$Y6n6$7&(/&:$,3$@#-,1#$<#(*.()6$M*11%$V_<#._/$7&#+&3&*$T$S)(#&.*3$d".&('X$"2$G_"'"+#*))('#X/$[b]c6

jnrhdrO/$ Q6V6/$ QUVnSQHdrO/$ H6B6$0#(#1&:.H&',(N$ !#-2,1&:$ 0;<$ &(+$

7&2$@#9.*.,(6$U3T$YBrhsjUVS/$7"16$ef/$O�$Z/$[bb^/$!!6$ZZ[$*$ZZ]6

jrQYB/$p6$0#,+#*46$g*6$(56$O(�$�"#�T$H($Y#<X'(#/$[bb[6$g^Z$!6

ROBdVr6$H(%(#A-.*9:"6$W#*%F1&*/$HMT$ROBdVr/$[bbb6

7SdVrOVBIrd$ drWQUOnr/$ N6$A":+!+.+D/(- =($(- J!"5%&'()*+- !"- <$+-'"##+#- !"- Q"#"$%&'()*+- g- A(54(.- !"- J5!/'(!+$"#6$ Q(.&2(/$ GBT$dRHBOB/$[b\]6$[]$!6

7USOS/$h6m$QrHQUYRBd/$h6$Um Índice Interdisciplinar de Propensão à Q"#"$%&'()*+-\J<Q^a-J5#:$40"5:+-!"-<.(5"o(0"5:+6$M"#'*1(8*/$VBT$Q(4&%'*$ B."3k)&.*$5"$O"#5(%'(/$ 46$ cf/$36$ c/$ !6$ g^ZDgbZ/$ ><16D%('6/$1999.

7UBUQS/$ G6m$ QUWBUQr/$ h6m$ MQSOVr/$ Q6m$ VrQHBUQr/$ Q6$ Lr#+*3&8*5"#(%P6$Q"#"52+.2/0"5:+-"-A"/+-,0?/"5:"-5+-Y$(#/.-g-,-9+5:$/?4/)*+-!"-Ignacy Sachs6$G"#'"$S1(+#(T$G*11"�m$M1"#&*3i!"1&%T$SGBH/$[bb]6$ZZ]$p.

KUOYv/$U6$8-_4"-S-+-J5#%:4:+-d/5DR6$V*3&35@$5($d:"$M#*3.&%."/$dBT$U3%AD'<'"$K&3+i/$gffc6$e^$!6

mB=>}O(/M(O-&$21,2,*5&$#*51/5/1&(5#$(,$*#-.DI1.+,$(,1+#*'(,M(D$"7"'a('4(@\4(3.$"%72%4O(@!F(D|!@3O(H__TM


____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

_SG�O

HUVB

h*!*$j(),A

."$5*%$s#(*%$5($Q&%."$E$H(%(#A-.*9:"$3*$Q(+&:"$5($K&3+i

HBdBQjUMUVSturT$S3,1&%($($h*!(*)(3'"

Zpqrstp

[e/e$o$gg$.)

@uvpwqsxus

Calibri

PAPEL

V*!*$()$j#&!1(o$gef$+;)2

h&"1"$()$r�%('$\e+;)2

h"3'*5"$($&)!#(%%"$3*$"-.&3*$+#,-.*$5*

Q<*$S.*5`)&."$n@1&"$Q*)"%/$gf$ $7,#8(*/Q(.&2($D$GB$$$VBGT$ef6\ZfDecfM"3(%T$Lfoo][P$g[g^6]cb\$ $g[g^6]bcf$ $$M*oT$Lfoo][P$g[g^6]cbe��6<2!(6?#;(5<2!($ $(5<2!(¡31&3�6.")6?#$ $(5&'"#*¡<2!(6?#

Editora

Universitária UFPE

DESERTIFICAÇÃO - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco · Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire Admilson da Penha...

Documents

Transcript of DESERTIFICAÇÃO - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco · Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire Admilson da Penha...