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izk- izHkkdj x.kir xkoaM

¼bfrgkl foHkkxizeq[k½

lqanjjko eksjs egkfo|ky;

iksykniwj&jk;xM

Email ID:- [email protected]

Mob. No. 9423382078

Lokra«; pGoGhrhy vkBo.khapk ftoar >jk& HkkbZ ydsJh

Hkkjrh; Lokra«; pGoG gk HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy ,d lqo.kkZ{kjkauh fyfgyk xsysyk

v/;k; vkgs- izkphu dkGkiklwu Hkkjrh; mi[kaMkr jkts’kkghph ijaijk gksrh- e/;;qxkr vusd

ijdh; vkØedkauh Hkkjr Hkwehoj vkØe.k d:u Hkkjrh; jktlŸkkauk ijkHkwr dsys vkf.k ;sFks Lora=

jktlŸkkaph LFkkiuk dsyh- vk/kqfud dky[kaMkr fczfV’kkauh Hkkjrkrhy cgqrka’kh jktlŸkkauk ukeksgje

d:u laiw.kZ Hkkjrkoj vkiys vf/kjkT; izLFkkfir dj.;kr ;’k feGfoys-

lq#okrhP;k dky[kaMkr fczfV’k lŸkk Hkkjrh;kauk gohgoh’kh okVw ykxyh- ek= fczfV’kkaP;k

tqyeh o vR;kpkjh /kksj.kkaps pVds clw ykxY;kuarj Hkkjrh;kapk ;k lŸksyk fojks/k gksÅ ykxyk

vkf.k R;krwup 1857 P;k mBkoklkj[kk mnzsd ?kMwu vkyk- gk mBko fczfV’kkauh vxnh lgti.ks

nMiwu Vkdyk vlyk rjh [kÚ;k vFkkZus ;k mBkokrhy vi;’kkrwu Hkkjrh;kae/;s jk”Vªh;Rokph

tk.kho tkx̀r >kyh- ;kp tk.khosrwu Lokra«; pGoGhph chts isjyh xsyh-

1885 e/;s LFkkiu >kysY;k jk”Vªh; lHksus HkkjrkP;k Lokra«; izkIrhlkBh ns’kO;kih pGoG

lq: dsyh- ;kp pGoGhrwu 1947 e/;s Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkys- ;k 62 o”kkZP;k dkyko/khrhy

frP;k okVpkyhpk lkaxksikax bfrgkl vki.kkl vusd iqLrdkarwu] lanHkZ xzaFkkarwu vH;klrk ;srks- ek=

Lokra«; pGoGhrhy vusd ?kVukaps lk{khnkj vlysys Lokra«;lSfud ns’kkP;k dkukdksiÚ;kr

vktgh g;kr vkgsr- R;kaP;k’kh fgrxqt dsY;kuarj Lokra«; pGoGhrhy vusd ?kVuk vki.kkleksj

ftoar gksrkr-

jk;xM ftYákrhy egkM rkyqD;krhy ukrs ;k xkoh g;kr vlysys ,d o;kso/̀n

Lokra«;lSfud Jh- j?kqukFk xaxkjke ÅQZ HkkbZ ydsJh gs gksr- o;kph ‘kaHkjh ikj dsysys 105 o”kkZps

HkkbZ ydsJh vktgh R;kaP;k jkgR;k ?kjh mŸke o B.kB.khr izdr̀h lkaHkkGwu vkgsr- Lokra«; vusd

?kVukauk vfr’k; eueksdGÓkk xIikae/kwu mtkGk nsrkr- R;kaP;’kh okrkZyki djrkuk 1930 ph

dk;nsHkaxkph pGoG] 1942 ph pystko pGoG] 10 lIVscj 1942 pk egkMpk fdlku ekspkZ

;k ,sfrgkfld ?kVukaps izR;{k lk{khnkj Eg.kwu pGoGhrhy lgHkkx o fczfV’kkaP;k dkjkoklkph f’k{kk

Hkksxrkuk vkysys vuqHko ;kaP;k jksekapd vkBo.khapk [kftukp myxMrkr- R;kaP;k fn- 21 vkWxLV

2016 jksth ?ksrysY;k eqyk[krhrwu R;kauh lkafxrysY;k vkBo.khapk gk laf{kIr vkkyk- R;kaps ofMy xaxkjke ydsJh gs eqacbZe/;s

vkS”k/k foØhpk O;olk; djhr vlY;kus f’k{k.kklkBh rs eqacbZr vkys- ,fYQULVu gk;Ldwye/;s

nk[ky >kys- rsFks 11 oh i;Zarps f’k{k.k iw.kZ dsys- ;k dkGkr eqacbZr Lokra«; pGoGhps okjs

okgr vlY;kus fo|kFkhZ n’ksrp R;kapk ;k pGoGh’kh laca/k vkyk- egkRek xka/khauh lq: dsysY;k

lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoGhpk izHkko eqacbZr loZ= fnlr gksrk- ;k pGoGhpk izHkko fo|kFkhZ oxkZoj

iMr vlY;kus HkkbZ ydsJh ;k pGoGhdMs vksk jktdkj.kk’kh laca/k vkyk- ,fYQULVu

gk;Ldwye/;s f’kdr vlrkuk dkgh fo|kF;kZauk esgsjvyh ;kauh Lokra«; pGoGhph izsj.kk fnyh-

1931 e/;s Hkxrflax jktxq: vkf.k lq[knso ;k rhu Økafrdkjdkauk baxzt ljdkjus Qk’khph f’k{kk

fnyh- ;kph ekfgrh loZlkekU; yksdkai;Zar iksgkspkoh ;klkBh jk”Vªh; lHksps dk;ZdrsZ iz;Ru’khy

gksrs- R;kosGh eh ;qlqQ esgsjvyh ;kauk eqacbZr jWyh dkk gkr R;kaP;k gkrkr fnyk- ekÖ;k lkscr vk.k[kh vkB&ngk fo|kFkhZ gksrs- jWyhyk yksdkapk

mRLQwrZ ikfBack feGkyk- jWyh iw.kZ >kY;kuarj iqUgk ekyoh; ;kauh ek>k gkr idMwu lkekftd

dk;kZr ¼lks’ky odZ½ vxz slj jkg.;kpk lYyk fnyk- fo|kFkhZ n’ksr vlrkuk ;k lYY;kpk usedk

vFkZ R;kosGh dGyk ukgh i.k iqk ifjp; MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj ;kapk eqyxk

;’koar vkacsMdj ;kP;k’kh >kyk- eh vkf.k ;’koar ,dkp oxkZr f’kdr vlY;kus vkEgh oxZfe=

o ckyfe= gksrks- vkEgh fo|kFkhZ fe= fØdsV [ksG.;klkBh ijGe/;s tkr vlr- ek= l/;kP;k

ijG clLFkkudkP;k fjdkE;k tkxsr Jhearkaph eqys fØdsV [ksGr vlY;kus vkEgk eqykauk

[ksG.;klkBh tkxk miyC/k uOgrh- l/;kP;k ds- bZ- ,e- gkWfLiVyP;k tkxsoj R;kosGh ?kk.ksjhP;k

>qMikaps taxy gksrs- ckcklkgsckauh gh tkxk lkQ djowu ?ksryh o vkEgk eqykauk [ksGko;kl

miyC/k dsyh-

vkEgh cjspnk ijG ;sFkhy ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj ;kaP;k ?kjh tkr vlr- ek= ckcklkgsc

cjspnk ?kjh ulk;ps- ,ds ‘kfuokjh vkEgh ;’koarkyk cksykfo.;klkBh R;kaP;k ?kjh xsyks- ckcklkgsc

?kjkr vlY;kps letY;koj vkEgh loZp fo|kFkhZ ?kkcjyks- izR;sdt.k rw iq

gs c?k] ^[kksVs cksyw udksl] rw vkrk ikfgysl dh] vkt eh ?kjh dlk*\ gs c?k ek>h

rC;sr Bhd ulY;kus eyk MkWDVjkauh foJkarh ?ks.;kl lkafxrys vkgs- ¼R;kosGh ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj

dksVkZr tkr vlr- ‘kfuokjh dksVkZr rkj[kk ns.;kps dke pkyr vls-½ eyk cja ulrkuk ,okyk ukgh o ;kiqkysY;k ehBkP;k lR;kxzgkr HkkbZ ydsJh ;kauh lgHkkx ?ksryk gksrk- R;kckcr R;kauk iksfylkauh

vVd dsyh o rq#axkr Mkacys- 15 fnolkaP;k rq#axoklkph f’k{kk R;kauk Hkksxkoh ykxyh- R;kuarj

1932 e/;s Lokra«; pGoGhrhy lgHkkxkckcr R;kauk dkjkokl lkslkok ykxyk-

1940 P;k oS;fDrd lR;kxzgkr lgHkkx ?ksrY;kcÌy R;kauk dSn >kyh- R;kaP;koj [kVyk

nk[ky dj.;kr vkyk- U;k;ky;kus 10 efgU;kaph f’k{kk lqukoyh- ;kosGh izFke R;kaph jokuxh

Bk.;kP;k e/;orhZ dkjkx`gkr dj.;kr vkyh- dkgh fnolkarp R;kauk iq.;krhy ;sjoMk dkjkx`gkr

gyfo.;kr vkys- ;sjoMÓkkP;k dkjkx`g v/kh{kdkus R;kaP;k uksanh riklY;k vlrk gh ihMk

vkiY;kdMs udks vls lkaxwu R;kauk ukf’kd ;sFks ikBfoys- rsFksgh rhp ifjfLFkrh gksrh- rsFkhy

dkjkx`g v/kh{kdkus R;kauk folkiwjP;k dkjkx`gkdMs gLrkarjhr dsys-

folkiwjps dkjkx`g gs uxj ftYákr vlwu rs egkjk”Vkªrhy izfr vaneku Eg.kwu vksG[kys

tkbZ- frFks >kMs>qMisgh ukghr- lk/ks euq”; n’kZugh gksr uls- ;k rq#axkr ,dw.k cjkdh ngk gksR;k

i.k dSnh toGikl ,d gtkjP;k vklikl gksrs- ;k rq#axoklkr HkkbZ ydsJh ;kaP;k lkscr ‘kadj

xksihukFk xka/kh ¼iksykniwj½ jktkHkkÅ eqdqan pkanksjdj ¼jksgk½] ‘kadj x.kir jlkG ¼jksgk½] HkkbZ ‘ksVÓks

¼jRukfxjh½] Jh- iafMr txUukFk esgsj ¼lkrikVh&iky?kj½ vls vusd dSnh gksrs-

egkM ;sFks HkkbZ ydsJh ;kaps dkgh ukrokbZd vlY;kus egkMdMs v/kwue/kwu ;s&tk gksr

vls- R;kosGh egkM ;sFkhy fnxacj fouk;d rFkk ukuk iqjksfgr ;kaP;k’kh R;kapk Lusg fuekZ.k >kyk-

1942 P;k pystko pGoGhpk ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu egkM ;sFkhy ekeysnkj dpsjh rkC;kr ?ks.;kpk

fu/kkZj ukuk iqjksfgrkauh dsyk gksrk- R;klkBh R;kauh fcjokMh&okG.k [kksÚ;krhy ‘ksrdÚ;kaps la?kVu

d:u 10 lIVscj 1942 jksth fdlku ekspkZ dkkys vkf.k iqkyks-

lanHkZ %&

1- Lokra«;lSfud Jh- j?kqukFk xaxkjke ÅQZ HkkbZ ydsJh ;kaph fn- 21 vkWxLV 2016 jksth

?ksrysyh eqyk[kr-



- iksykniwj] ft- jk;xM

bZesy& [email protected]

ejkBh lŸksP;k foLrkjkr vk axzs ?kjk.;kps ;ksxnku %&

17 os ‘krd gs egkjk”V ªkP;k bfrgklkr ,d lksusjh iku Bjkos vls gksrs- dkj.k ;kp ‘krdkr N=irh f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k usrR̀ok[kkyh ejkBh lŸkspk mn; >kyk- ;k ejkBh lŸksus [kÚ;k vFkkZus egkjk”Vªkpk HkkX;ksn; >kyk- bLykeh

lŸkkaP;k tks[kMk[kkyh fipysY;k ejkBh ek.klkP;k eukr LokfHkekukps LQqfYyax psrfo.;kps dke ;k lŸksus dsys- N-

f’kokth egkjktkauk R;kaP;k LojkT; foLrkjkP;k dk;kZr láknzhP;k nÚ;k[kksÚ;krhy gtkjks ekoGÓkkauh lkFk fnyh- 18

O;k ‘krdkr ejkBh lŸkspk mRd”kZ ?kMwu vkyk- ;k dkGkr egkjk”Vªkrhy vusd ekrCcj ?kjk.kh o drZcxkj ljnkjkauh

R;klkBh eksykps ;ksxnku fnys- R;krhyp ,d ?kjk.ks Eg.kts vkaxzs ?kjk.ks gks;-

vkaaxzs ?kjk.;kph ik’oZHkweh &

vkaxzs gs ?kjk.ks iq.ks ftYákrhy ekoG izkarkrhy vkaxjokMh ;sFkhy gksrs- R;kaps ewG vkMuko ldikG vls

gksrs- ek= vkaxjokMh ;k xkokP;k ukoko:up ;k ?kjk.;kyk vkaxzs gs uko iMys-1 ls[kksth vkaaxsz gs ;k ?kjk.;kps ewG

iq#”k letys tkrkr- R;kaP;kuarj rqdkth vkaxzs gs ;k ?kjk.;kr mn;kp vkys- rs ‘kgkth jktkaP;k ledkyhu gksrs-

1640 e/;s ‘kgkth jktkaauh pkSytoG dsysY;k yksrkr vkys- 1659 e/;s rs f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k injh nk[ky >kys-

dkUgksth vkaxzs ;kapk mn; &

dkUgksth vkaxzs gs ;k ?kjk.;krhy lokZr drZ̀Rooku iq#”k Eg.kwu ukok#ikyk vkys- T;kauh dksd.k fdukjiêhoj

vkiY;k vkjekjh opZLokP;k tksjkoj ;qjkih; lŸkkaukgh ukeksgje dsys vkf.k ejkBh jkT;kpk njkjk fuekZ.k dsyk-

vfyckx toGhy dqykck ;k fdYY;koj dkUgksth vkaxsz ;kauh vkiys izeq[k Bk.ks izLFkkfir d:u taftjk fdYyk

oxGrk jRukfxjh rs =ko.kdksj i;ZarP;k fdukjiêhoj vkiys lkxjh opZLo izLFkkfir dsys- g.kZs ft- jRukfxjh ;sFks

tUeysY;k o lqo.kZnqxZ fdYY;kr ckyi.k xsysY;k dkUgksthaps ofMy rqdksth vkaxzs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k injh ljnkj

Eg.kwu uksdjhl gksrs-2 R;keqGs dkUgksthaP;k vaxkr ijkdze] lkgl] /kS;Z gs xq.k mitrp gksrs-

[kkansjh o mansjh ;k csVkaoj vkiyk rG LFkkiu d:u eqacbZ canjkP;k izos’k}kjkph R;kauh ukdscanh dsyh vkf.k

;k Hkkxkrwu ;s.kkÚ;k&tk.kkÚ;k O;kikjh tgktkadMwu djolqyh lq: dsyh- 17 O;k ‘krdkP;k v[ksjhl R;kauh dqykck

fdYY;ktoG vfyckx gs xko olfoys-3 vfyckxh ;k ukokph pkanhph uk.kh gh R;kauh pyukr vk.kyh- 1681 e/;s

eq?ky ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsc loZ lkeF;kZfu’kh nf{k.ksr vkyk rsOgk dkUgksthauh dksd.k fdukjiêhoj vkiyk te

clfo.;kl lq#okr dsyh gksrh- 1698 i;Zar R;kauh dksd.k fdukjiêhojhy eksaxykaP;k o brjkaP;k rkC;krhy cgqrsd

fdYys ftadwu vkiY;k rkC;kr ?ksrys-

dkUgksthaP;k lkxjh lkeF;kZyk ?kkc:u taftÚ;kpk flÌh] xksO;kps iksrZqxht o eq?ky ;k fr?kkauh ,d= ;sÅu

vk?kkMh m?kMyh gksrh- ek= dkUgksthauh ;k f=dqVkyk ukeksgje d:u ‘kj.k ;s.;kl Hkkx ikMys gksrs- eqacbZrhy baxzt

n¶rjkr dsysY;k uksanhae/kwu dkUgksthaaP;k vusd ;’kLoh eksfgekaph ekfgrh feGrs-

ejkBh lŸksP;k foLRkkjkr ;ksxnku &

N- laHkkth jktkaP;k vekuq”k v’kk o/kkuarj ejkBh lŸksoj eksBs vfj”V vkskys-5

1729 e/;s dkUgksth vkaxzs ;kaP;k eR̀;wuarj R;kaP;k eqykae/;s lŸkslkBh la?k”kZ lq: >kyk- R;kauk ls[kksth o

laHkkth gs vkSjl rj ekukth] rqGkth] ;slkth o /kksaMth vls lgk iq= gksrs- ls[kksth o laHkkth ;k nksu vkSjl iq=kauh

lŸk sph okV.kh dsyh- eksBk eqyxk ls[kksth ;kus dqykck fdYY;koj rj /kkdVk eqyxk laHkkth ;kus jRukfxjh toGhy

fot;nqxZ fdYY;koj vkiyh lŸkk izLFkkfir dsyh- ls[kksthus 1731 e/;s pkSyP;k jktdksV fdYY;kojhy eq?kykaph lŸkk

usLrukc wr dsyh ;kposGh is’kO;kauh taftÚ;koj dsysY;k vkdze.kkosGh ls[kksth vk axzs is’kO;kaP;k enrhlkBh vkys- ek=

gh eksfge iw.kZi.ks v;’kLoh >kyh- taftÚ;kP;k fl/nhus vkiyk izns’k lqjf{kr Bsoykp] ijarq N=irh ‘kkgwaP;k

v[kR;kjhr vlysY;k eqyq[kkoj gYyk d:u ;k izns’kkps vrksukr uqdlku dsys- ;kosGh jk;xM fdYyk flÌhus

vkiY;k rkC;kr ?ksryk o rGsxM] ?kkslkGxM] futkeiwj] fcjokMh] jksgk] ek.kxko] naMjktiqjh b- Hkkx is’kO;kaP;k

rkC;kr fnyk-6

ejkBÓkkalkscr >kysY;k okjaokjP;k la?k”kkZr taftÚ;kP;k flÌhps lkeF;Z [kwip dedqor >kys- R;keqGs R;kps

vkjekjgh ejkBÓkkaP;k vkjekjkiqkysY;k ejkBk&iksrZqxht la?k”kkZr ekukth vkaxzs ;kauh is’kO;kauk lgdk;Z dsys[ ikrqZxhtkaph ukdscanh

d:u R;kauk tsjhl vk.kys- v[ksjhl R;kapk /kqOok mMoyk- taftÚ;kP;k flÌhfojks/kkr vkaxzs ;kauh is’kO;kauk loZrksijh

lkgk¸; dsys- 1739 e/;s olbZ fdYyk ejkBÓkkaP;k rkC;kr vkY;kuarj iksrqZxhtkauh pkSy&jsonaMk dksyZbZ gk Hkkx

baxztkauk nsÅu Vkdyk- ;kosGh baxzt o iksrqZxhtkaps Qkjls l[; ulys rjh iksrqZxhtkauk iS’kkph Qkj fudM gksrh-

olbZP;k fot;keqGs baxztkaP;k eukr ejkBÓkkafo”k;h /kMdh Hkjyh- R;kauh ckGkth ckthjkok cjkscj lIVscj 1740 e/;s

rg d:u pkSy&jsonaMk ejkBÓkkauk nsÅu Vkdys-8

njE;ku baxztkaps vjch leqnzkrhy opZLo okkyh gksrh- ls[kksthps okjlnkj ekukth o

;slkth ;kaP;k la?k”kkZr baxztkauh ekukthyk lgdk;Z dsys- 1740 e/;s ls[kksthpk nqljk eqyxk laHkkth ;kus rqGkth vkaxzs

;kph enr ?ksÅu dqykC;koj vkdze.k dsys vkf.k vfyckx] FkG] lkxjxM gk izns’k ftadwu ?ksryk- R;keqGs ekukthus

is’kos o baxzt ;kaph enr ?ksÅu iqUgk rqGkthoj gYyk dsyk o R;kl dSn dsys rj laHkkth ;kl lqo.kZnqxkZdMs fiVkGwu

ykoys- is’kos dqykck gLrxr djrkgsr vls ekukthyk dGY;kus ekukth o is’kos ;kaP;kr forq”V fuekZ.k >kys-

R;keqGs is’kO;kauh flÌhlkscr eS=h okkyk- rqGkth gk R;kP;k eR̀;wIk;Zar

is’kO;kaP;k dSnsr jkghyk-10

1758 e/;s ekukth vkaxsz ;kpk eR̀;w >kY;kuarj j?kqth vkaxzs gk R;kpk eqyxk dqykC;kpk mŸkjkf/kdkjh cuyk-

R;kus taftÚ;kP;k flÌhP;k okkY;kuarj R;kP;k vYio;hu vlysY;k ekukth o dkUgksth

;kaP;klg j?kqthph iRuh vkuanhckbZ dqykC;kpk dkjHkkj ikgw ykxyh- j?kqthpk vukSjl eqyxk t;flax gk ns[khy R;kaP;k

leosr dqykC;kr iqkysys dqykck ¼vfyckx½ ;sFkhy vkaxzs gs ,d egRokps

?kjk.ks gksrs- dkUgksth vkaxzs gs ;k ?kjk.;krhy drZcxkj iq:”k o ;k ?kjk.;kps laLFkkid gksrs- R;kaps ofMy rqdksth vkaxzs

gs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k injh gksrs- N=irh jktkjke ;kaP;k dkjdhnhZr vkaxzs ?kjk.ks izfl/nhP;k >ksrkr vkys- dqykck gk

vfyckx toGhy fdYyk vkaxzs ?kjk.;kps eq[; Bk.ks vlwu if’pe fdukjiêhoj R;kaph gqdqer pkyr vls- R;kapk

ijkdze o drZcxkjh ikgwu jktkjke egkjktkauh R;kauk ejkBh vkjekjkps izeq[k usewu ^lj[ksy* gh ekukph inoh fnyh

gksrh- dkUgksthauh ejkBÓkkaps vkjekj dk;Z{ke cuowu if’pe fdukjiêhoj baxzt] Qszap] Mp] iksrZqxht] fl/nh ;k ijdh;

lŸkkaoj opd fuekZ.k dsyk- -ejkBh lŸksP;k vLrkuarj vkaxzs ?kjk.;kykgh mrjrh dGk ykxyh- vkf.k baxatkaP;k jktdh;

gLr{ksikus 1839 e/;s vkaxzs ?kjk.;kpk o i;kZ;kus dqykck laLFkkukpkgh ‘ksoV >kyk tjh vls vlys rjh 18 O;k

‘krdke/;s dqykC;kP;k ;k vkaxzs ?kjk.;kus ejkBh lŸksP;k mRd”kkZe/;s ekSfyd ;ksxnku fnys gs dq.kkykgh ukdkjrk ;s.kkj

ukgh-

lanHkZ &

1½ tks’kh y{e.k’kkL=h] ejkBh fo’odks’k] [kaM 1yk] egkjk”Vª jkT; ejkBh

fo’odks’k fufeZrh eaMG] okbZ] 1985 ì- 814

2½ ijns’kh xs- uk-] lj[ksy dkUgksth vkaxzs] LVkj fizaVlZ] vfyckx] 2002] ì- 18

3½ dqykck xW>sfVvj] n’kZfudk foHkkx] egkjk”Vª ‘kklu] 1964] i`- 117

4½ dsrdj ¼MkW-½ Jh/kj O;adVs’k] egkjk”Vªh; Kkudks’k] [kaM 10 ok] ;’koarjko pOgk.k izfr”Bku] eqacbZ]1929] ì-561

5½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] ¼laik-½ jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] n’kZfudk foHkkx] egkjk”Vª ‘kklu] 1993 i-̀ 135

6½ filqysZdj ika- l-] iksrZqxht&ejkBs laca/k] iq.ks fo|kihB] iq.ks] 1967] i`- 242

7½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] ¼laik-½ iwoksZDr] i`- 136

8½ filqysZdj ika- l-] iwoksZDr] ì- 201

9½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] ¼laik-½ iwoksZDr] ì- 137

10½ ns’keq[k ek- e-] e/;;qxhu Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl] fo’oHkkjrh izdk’ku] ukxiwj] 2003 i`- 89

11½ tks’kh y{e.k’kkL=h] iwoksZDr] i`- 815




iksykniwj&jk;xM


Mob. No. 9423382078

Ekgkjk”V ªkP;k lkaLd`frd tM.k?kM.khr yksddykaps ;ksxnku

egkjk”Vª gs Hkkjrh; la?kjkT;krhy ,d egRokps jkT; vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr Hkkjrkizek.ksp vusd ckcrhr fofo/krk vkgs-

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jk;xM] jRukfxjh o fla/kqnqxZ gs pkj ftYgs lekfo”V vkgsr- eqacbZ o uoh eqaaaacbZ gs ftYgs iz’kkldh; n”̀V;k dksd.k foHkkxkr vlys

rjh dksd.kph [kjh laLdr̀h ojhy pkj ftYg;kae/;s fnlwu ;srs-

lg;knzhP;k Mksaxjjkaxkae/;s vjch leqnzkP;k fdukjiêhoj xqtjkriklwu xksok&dukZVdP;k lhesyk fHkMysyh lqekjs 500

fd-eh- ykachph o 40 rs 80 fd-eh- #anhph fpapksGh iêh Eg.ktsp dksd.k gks;-2 dksd.k gs Hkkjrkps uanuou Eg.kwu lacks/kys

tkrs- dksd.kkrhy pkjgh ftYg;kauk fofLr.kZ leqnzfdukjk ykHkyk vkgs- izpaM itZU;eku vlysY;k ;k izns’kkr dq.kch] vkxjh]

dksGh] dk;LFk izHkw] HkaMkjh] ekGh] ejkBk ;k izeq[k tekrh okLrO; djrkr- ejkBh gh dksd.kkrhy izeq[k Hkk”kk vlyh rjh

ejkBhP;k vusd cksyhHkk”kk ;k Hkkxkr cksyY;k tkrkr- R;kr izkeq[;kus dksd.kh] ekyo.kh] laxes’ojh] vkxjh] eqlyekuh] dksGh

b- cksyhHkk”kk cksyY;k tkrkr-3

egkjk”Vkªr dksd.kph ,d osxGh oSf’k”B;iw.kZ laLdr̀h vksG[kyh tkrs- dksd.kP;k ;k Hkwehe/;s izkphu dkGkiklwu vusd

yksddyk mxe ikoY;k- vktgh R;krhy c&;kp’kk fVdwu vkgsr- R;kaP;k cgqfo/k oSf’k”B;kauh R;k laiw.kZ egkjk”Vªkr yksdfiz;

>kY;k vkgsr-R;krhy ueu] n’kkorkj o tk[kMh uR̀; ;k izeq[k yksddyk gksr-

1½ ueu

ueu fdaok [ksGs gk mRrj dksd.kkrhy yksddyspk ,d izdkj vkgs- ueukdMs ,d /kkfeZd fo/kh Eg.kwu ikfgys tkrs-

gh yksddyk ?kjkrhy ‘kqHkdk;Z] yXufo/kh] lR;ukjk;.k] ukedj.k fo/kh v’kk izlaxh lknj dsyh tkrs- 18 O;k ‘krdkr gk

yksddyk izdkj ‘kketh ukbZd dkGs o f’kojke ukbZd xksMcksys ;k nksu dhrZudkjkauh dukZVdkrwu egkjk”Vªkr vk.kyk- R;kpsp iqkyk rj ueu gk

izdkj jRukfxjh o jk;xM ftYg;kP;k nf{k.k Hkkxkr yksdfiz; >kyk- ueu gk yksddyk izdkj lknj dj.kkjk lekt gk vf’kf{kr

o ekxklysyk vlY;kus ;k yksddysl o rks lknj dj.kk&;kl Qkj’kh lkekftd izfr”Bk ykHkyh ukgh o R; keqGs gh

yksddykgh nqyZf{kr jkfgyh-4

ueu gh yksddyk uR̀;] ukV; o laxhr ;kauh ifjiw.kZ v’kh vkgs- dukZVd e/;s tlk ;{kxku gk dykizdkj vkgs

R;kP;k’kh ueukps lkE; vkgs- ueu lknj dj.kkjs [ksGs gs ik;k?kksG >xs ifj/kku djrkr- ikSjkf.kd dFkkaps xk;u dksjlP;k

lkg;kus dsys tkrs o brj ik=s R;koj vfHku; djrkr- ;k yksddysrwu izkeq[;kus yksdkaps euksjatu dj.;kps dke dsys tkrs-

xkopk ikVhy] ljdkjh vf/kdkjh] iksfyl] czkEg.k] lkodkj b- ph lksaxs vk.kwu R;kr fVaxyVokGh] ps”Bk&eLdjh] ‘kCnkaP;k

dksV;k] f}vFkhZ laokn] vaxfo{ksi ;k}kjs yksdkauk iksVHkj glfoys tkrs- [ksGs osxosxG;k izdkjps eq[koVs /kkj.k d:u laokn Qsd

djrkr-

ueuke/;s lknj dsyh tk.kkjh xhrs o laokn gs ekSf[kd Lo#ikr vlwu rs ijaijsus ,dk fi

dykoar Lor%p gh dyk vkRelkr djrks- R;kyk dq.kk ekxZn’kZdkph vko’;drk Hkklr ukgh- n’kkorkjke/;s lw=/kkj gk izeq[k

vlrks- rks brj loZ ik=kauk dFkkudkph dYiuk nsrks- izR;sdkyk Hkwfedk okVwu fnY;k tkrkr- n’kkorkjke/;s loZ dykdkj gs

iq#”kp vlrkr-10

n’kkorkjkps [ksG ikg.;klkBh iapdzks’khrhy yksd rqMqac xnhZ djrkr-nsokph iky[kh fejo.kwd laiY;kuarj n’kkorkjh

iz;ksxkyk lq:okr gksrs- n’kkorkjkrhy vk[;ku gs iw.kZr% ikSjkf.kd vlrs- loZizFke lw=/kkj jaxeapkoj ;sÅu fo?ugR;kZ x.kirhyk

vkokgu dj.kkjs /kz̀in Eg.krks- rs lairk lairk fj/nh&fl/nhlg x.kirh vorjrks- R;kP;k ekxksekx ljLorh ;srs- lw=/kkj

ljLorhph Lrqrh djrks- ljLorh R;kyk vk’khokZn nsrs o R;kuarj izR;{k n’kkorkjh [ksG lq: gksrks- mRrjk/kkZrhy n’kkorkjh [ksG

vR;ar euksjatd vlrks- lw=/kkj ,[kkn;k iqjk.kdFksrhy dFkkud lkaxrks- R;kosGh dFkkudkyk vuql:u ik=s jaxeapkoj izos’k

djrkr- nso&nkuo o jkts&jk{kl ;kaP;k ;q/nkph n’̀;s jaxeapkoj nk[kfoyh tkrkr- jk{kl tsOgk jaxeapkoj izos’k djrks R;kosGh

izpaM jkG mMfoyh tkrs- izpaM vkjMkvksjMk djhr ryokjhP;k Qsdk Qsdhr jk{kl izos’k djrks- nso&nkuokaP;k ;q/nizlaxh eǹax

>katk ;k ok|kapk ,dp xtj dsyk tkrks- ;q/nkr jk{klkapk ijkHko gksrks o ;sFksp dFkkud lairs- [ksGkP;k ‘ksoVh nfgdkyk okVwu

vkjrh dsyh tkrs o n’kkorkjh [ksG lairks-

n’kkorkjh [ksGkr nso&nkuokaps ;q/n gs eq[; vkd”kZ.k vlrs- jk{klkaps vkdzkGfodzkG #i] R;kaP;k gkrkrhy

y[ky[k.kk&;k ryokjh] R;kaP;k vkjksG;k] jkGspk mlG.kkjk Mksac ;keqGs izs{kdkaph ?kkcjxqMh mMrs- ;k [ksGkr ik=kaP;k rksaMh

vl.kkjs laokn gs fyfgysys ulrkr rj rs mRLQwrZ o gtjtckchi.ks dFkkuq:ikus gksr vlrkr- n’kkorkjkr iqjk.kdFkkae/khy ik=s

o R;kaph os’kHkw”kk lkdkjyh tkrs- xs:] pquk] dkGk dksGlk]dqadw] ‘ksanwj] dktG o fofo/k jax jaxHkw”kslkBh okijys tkrkr-

joGukFk] osrksck] HkwrukFk] jkes’oj] lkrsjh] iko.kkbZ b- xzkenSorkapk xzkefo/kh Eg.kwugh ;k yksddysdMs ikfgys tkrs-11 n’kkorkjh

[ksGkr L=h ik=s ns[khy iq#”k eaMGhp lkdkjrkr- n’kkorkjh [ksGkps nklcks/k xzaFkkr ns[khy o.kZu vkys vkgs-

[ksGrk usVds n’kkorkjh A

rsFk ;srh lanj ukjh AA

us= eksMrh dykdqljh A

ifj vo?ks /kfVax.k AA

v’kh L=h ik=kaph iz’kalk dsyh vkgs- n’kkorkj gh yksddyk jk=hP;k tkxj.kklkBh izfl/n vkgs- n’kkorkjkps [ksG T;k xkokr lknj gksrkr R;k xkokrhy xkodjh nsokleksj vkiyh xk&gk.kh ekaMrkr- ,desdkarhy HkkaM.kraVs] oknfookn nsokleksj

lkeksipkjkus feVfoys tkrkr- gs ;k yksddysps [kjs Qfyr Eg.krk ;sbZy-

n’kkorkjh [ksGkaph l|fLFkrh%&

n’kkorkj gh dksd.kkrhy ,d izeq[k yksddyk gks;- ;k yksddysyk ikp’ks o”kkZgwu vf/kd vlk bfrgklkpk okjlk

vkgs- n’kkorkjkph yksdfiz;rk vktns[khy eksB;k izek.kkr fVdwu vkgs- ;k yksddysP;k Lo#ikr ,okyk ukgh- ek= vfydMP;k dkGkr f’k{k.kkpk eksB;k izek.kkr izlkj >kY;kus uohu fikyh vkgs

tk[kMh u`R; & ueu o n’kkorkjkizek.ksp dksd.kP;k ejkBh ekrhr #tysyh vk.k[kh ,d yksddyk Eg.kts tk[kMh uR̀; gks;- ;kykp

ckY;k uR̀; vlsgh Eg.krkr- tk[kMh ;k ‘kCnkrhy [kMh Eg.kts mHks jkg.ksgs uR̀; mHks jkgwu dsys tkrs Eg.kwu R;kl tk[kMh

uR̀; vls Eg.krkr- tk[kMhpk vk.k[kh ,d izdkj Eg.kts t[kM.ks] /k:u Bso.ks- ;k uR̀;kr ùR; dj.kkjs ,desdkP;k dejsl

nksUgh gkrkauh idMwu lk[kgh cuforkr o xksykdkj fLFkrhr ukprkr Eg.kwugh R;kl tkkMh uR̀; vls lacks/krkr- dksd.kkrhy

cjhp eaMGh eaqcbZe/;s pkdjekuh o ?kjxMh Eg.kwu dkekyk vlr- rs R;kaP;k dkuke/;s ckyh gs vkHkw”k.k ?kkyr vlr R;ko:u

R;kauk ckY;k gs uko iMys- xkokdMs vkY;kuarj rs uR̀; djrkuk ;k ckY;k ‘kCnko:u R;kaP;k ;k uR̀;kyk ckY;k ùR; vls

uko iMys- ckY;kuR̀; dsoG dksd.kkr uOgs rj laiw.kZ egkjk”Vkªr yksdfiz; vkgs-

ckY;k ùR;kpk mxe ‘kkfgjh dkO;krwu] rek’kkrwu >kyk- ;k ùR;kr ‘kDrhokys ¼dyxhokys½ o rqjsokys vls nksu

izdkj iMrkr-12 ‘kDrhokys vkf.k rqjsokys ;kaP;kr ùR;kps lkeus gksrkr- R;kaP;kr gks.kkjh loky&tckckph tqxycanh gh vR;ar

euksos/kd vlrs- ‘kDrhokys vkiyh vksG[k lkax.;klkBh dyxh gs lk/ku okijrkr rj rqjsokys MQ okijrkr- rqjsokys loky

Vkdrkr o ‘kDrhokys R;aP;k lokykyk dkO;krwu mRrj nsrkr-

ckY;k uR̀;kr ,d fdaok nksu xk;d] ,d katjh oknd] ,d ckljh ok lubZ oknd o nksu lqjrs

¼dksjl½ vlrkr- izR;{k uR̀; dj.kk&;kauk ukps vls Eg.krkr- ukP;kaph la[;k 10 rs 12 vlrs- e/;Hkkxh clysY;k




iksykniwj&jk;xM

egkjk”Vª /keZ ladYiuk & mRiŸkh o fodkl

izkLrkfod %&

lrjkO;k ‘krdkr ejkBh lŸkspk >kysyk mn; gk egkjk”VªkP;k bfrgklkrhy

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vR;kpkjkus gksjiGysY;k ejkBh ek.klkpk LokfHkeku tkxk d:u Lora= fganoh LojkT;kph

LFkkiuk dj.;kps vykSfdd dk; Z f’kokth egkjktkauh dsys- ;k fganoh LojkT;kps iqkyh gksrh- 105

t.kkaps gkSrkRE; nsÅu v[ksj 1 es 1960 jksth egkjk”Vª jkT;kph fufeZrh >kyh-1

egkjk”Vª gs uko useds dls iMys ;kfo”k;h bfrgkldkjkae/;s o fo}kukae/;s ererkarjs

vkgsr- la’kks/kdkaP;k ers] Hkkjrkr vkysY;k vk;kZaP;k VksGÓkkauh foa/; ioZr vksykaMwu

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lkafxryh vkgs- egku jk”Vª rs egkjk”Vª v’kh ljG/kksiV ekaM.kh R;kauh dsyh-2 MkW- jk- xks-

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rlk ^jk”Vªhd* pk egkjk”Vªhd o iqkY;kps lqpforkr-5

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fpV.khl ;kaP;k ê/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; ladYiuk o laLFkk* ;k xzaFkkr lkiMrks-

;k ladYiuspk nqljk mYys[k efgdkorhP;k c[kjhr lkiMrks- gh c[kj dq.;k ,dk

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ulwu rs ,rÌs’kh; Eg.kts egkjk”Vª izkarkrhy ejkBh yksdkaps gksrs-

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fdacgquk ejkBh jkT;kyk vMp.khr vk.k.;kps iz;Ru dsys- egkjk”Vª /keZ dqBsrjh yksi ikorks;

dh dk; v’kh ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- Eg.kwup jkenklkauh laHkkth jktkauk fyfgysY;k

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eR̀;wi;Zar egkjk”Vª /keZ gh ladYiuk egkjk”VªkP;k ckgsj nf{k.k o mŸkj Hkkjrkrgh fodflr >kyh

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dksYgkiwj v’kk nksu xk|k izLFkkfir >kY;k- nqljhdMs iq.;ke/;s is’kokbZ izLFkkfir gksÅu ejkBh

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futkekyk tkÅu feGkys rsOgk ‘kkgwauk rhoz nq%[k >kys- R;kauh vls EgVys dh] ^laHkkthus

egkjk”Vª /keZ lksMyk*- ;kckcr ds- ,u- fpV.khl Eg.krkr] ^’k=wph enr u ?ksrk fganw jkT;kykp

ikfBack nsÅu jkT;kph tkLr pkaxyh lsok djrk vkyh vlrh] vlk vFkZ egkjk”Vª /keZ fdaok

;ksX; jktdh; fopkjkr varHkZwr vkgs*- ‘kkgwaP;k dkGkr egkjk”Vª /kekZyk dkgh dkG lkekftd

vFkZ izkIr >kysyk fnlrks-

ejkBk dky[kaMkr egkjk”Vª /kekZpk ‘ksoVpk mYys[k 1740 e/;s >kysyk fnlwu ;srks-

olbZP;k jfgok’kkauh ckthjkokyk fyfgysY;k i=kr iksrqZxhtkauh olbZe/;s dsysY;k fo/oalkph

gfdxr fyfgyh vkgs- R;k i=kr vlk mYys[k vkgs dh] iksrqZxhtkauh nsoGs] ifo= LFkGs o

egkjk”Vª /kekZpk uk’k dsyk*-13 ;ko:u egkjk”Vª /keZ Eg.kts nsoGs] ifo= LFkGs ;kgwu fuf’prp

osxGk vkgs-

lkjka’k %& egkjk”Vª gs Hkkjrkrhy ,d izeq[k vls ?kVdjkT; vlwu egkjk”Vª Qkj eksBk

bfrgklkpk okjlk YkkHkysyk vkgs- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkalkj[kk Fkksj jktk ;k Hkwehe/;s

tUeyk- izR;sd ejkBh ek.kwl vfr’k; xokZus R;kaps uko ?ksr vlrks- ex rks dks.kR;kgh tkrh

/kekZpk vlks- R;kapk /keZ vlrks rks egkjk”Vª /keZ- gh egkjk”Vª /kekZph ladYiuk vfr’k; O;kid

v’kh vkgs- egkjk”Vª /keZ gk egkjk”VªkP;k Hkwehpk /keZ gks;- R;kr dks.krhgh tkr] iaFk] oa’k]

dwG] izkar gs vfHkizr ulwu vf[ky egkjk”Vª izkarkrhy yksdkapk LokfHkeku Eg.ktsp egkjk”Vª

/keZ- f’kokth egkjktkauh fuekZ.k LojkT;kuarj gk LokfHkeku ;k izkarkrhy yksdkaP;k vaxh

ck.koyk xsyk- Eg.kwup laHkkth jktkaP;k dkGkr gs LojkT; tsOgk ladVkr vkys rsOgk leFkZ

jkenklkauh laHkkth jktkauk mÌs’kwu reke ejkBk ,d= djkok o ‘k=wyk lkeksjs tkos ;k vk’k;kps

i= fyfgys- ejkBk frrqdk esGokok] egkjk”Vª /keZ okkY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

lanHkZ %

1½ dBkjs ¼MkW-½ vfuy] vk/kqfud egkjk”Vªkpk bfrgkl] fo|k cqDl ifCy’klZ]

vkSjaxkckn] 2009] i`- 556

2½ ikVhy ¼MkW-½ ch- Ogh-] egkjk”Vªkpk lokZaxh.k bfrgkl] ds lkxj ifCyds’ku] iq.ks]

2007] i`- 22

3½ ikVhy ¼MkW-½ ch- Ogh-] vlk gk egkjk”Vª] ds lkxj ifCyds’ku iq.ks] 2009] i`- 17

4½ tks’kh y{e.k’kkL=h] ejkBh fo’odks’k& [kaM 12] egkjk”Vª jkT; ejkBh fo’odks’k

fufeZrh eaMG] 1985 i`- 1470

5½ fdŸkk

6½ ljnslkbZ ¼MkW-½ ch- ,u-] ejkBÓkkapk lkek-] vkfFkZd-] o lkaLd`- bfrgkl] QMds

izdk’ku] dksYgkiwj] 2001] i`- 266

7½ fdŸkk

8½ fdŸkk 267

9½ HksyksaMs ¼MkW-½ txnh’k o brj] ejkBÓkkaP;k bfrgklkps iquysZ[ku ¼laik-½] fpUe;

izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] 2015] i`- 107

10½ dqyd.khZ ¼MkW-½ v- jk-] f’kodkyhu egkjk”Vª] jktgal izdk’ku] iq.ks] 1993

11½ ljnslkbZ ¼MkW-½ ch- ,u-] iwoksZDr] i`- 272

12½ fdŸkk

13½ fdŸkk



lqanjjko eksjs egkfo|ky; iksykniwj&jk;xM


Hkkjrh; Lokra«; pGoGhrhy egkMps Økarhohj& ukuk iqjksfgr

HkkjrkP;k Lokra«; pGoGhpk 1885 rs 1947 gk dky[kaM HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkr

lqo.kkZ{kjkauh fygwu Bsokok vlk dky[kaM vkgs- ;k dky[kaMkr vusd egku usrs]

Økafrdkjd vkiY;k vykSfdd dr`ZRokus ukok#ikl vkys- jk”Vªh; ikrGhojhy usR;kaph ok

Økafrdkjdkaph ekfgrh vki.k vusd iqLrdkae/kwu vusdnk okprks- ek= LFkkfud ikrGhoj

mn;kl vkysY;k vusd usR;kauh HkkjrkP;k Lokra«; pGoGhr ekSfyd ;ksxnku fnysys

vlwugh bfrgklkus R;kaph Eg.kkoh r’kh n[ky ?ksryh ukgh- Økarhohj mekth ukbZd]

Økarhojh oklqnso cGoar QMds] Økarhflag ukuk ikVhy] lsukirh ckiV vknh Økarhohjkaizek.ks

fczfV’kkaP;k lŸksfo#/n mBko d:u vR;kpkjkps izrhd vlysyh egkM ;sFkhy ekeysnkj

dpsjh rkC;kr ?ks.;kpk o rsFks vkiys izfr ljdkj LFkkiu dj.;kpk R;kapk iz;Ru gksrk-

ijarq nqnSokus rks ;’kLoh gksÅ ‘kdyk ukgh- ek= loZlkekU; ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k lkFkhus dsysyk

R;kapk gk iz;Ru Hkkjrh; Lokra«; pGoGhe/;s eksykps ;ksxnku ns.kkjk gksrk- Eg.kwup

R;kaP;k dk;kZph n[ky ?ks.ks vko’;d okVrs-

Ikk’oZHkweh %&

fnxacj fouk;d iqjksfgr ÅQZ ukuk iqjksfgr ;kapk tUe 28 es 1907 jksth egkM

rkyqD;krhy fcjokMh ;k xkoh ,dk deZB czkEg.k dqVqackr >kyk-1 R;kaps ‘kkys; f’k{k.k

egkM ;sFkhy jk”Vªh; ‘kkGse/;s >kys- ek= rsFkhy fczfV’k /kkftZ.kh f’k{k.k i/nrh R;kauk

#pyh ukgh- gk dky[kaM Lokra«; pGoGhpk gksrk- egkM rkyqD;krhy vusd dk;ZdrsZ

jk”Vªh; pGoGhr dk;Zjr gksrs- ;kp dkGkr yksdekU; fVGdkapk >a>kokr laiw.kZ egkjk”Vªkr

?kksa?kkor gksrk- ftYákr fVGdkaP;k vusd tkghj lHkkae/kwu fczfV’kkafo#/npk vlarks”k

fnolsafnol vf/kd rhoz gksr gksrk- ukuk iqjksfgrkaP;k ckyeukoj R;kaps izfrfcac meVr gksrs-

ek/;fed f’k{k.k lq: vlrkukp R;kauh jktdkj.kkps /kMs ?ks.;kl lq#okr dsyh-

f’k{k.k v/kZoV lksMwu R;kauh jsYos[kkR;kr uksdjh iRdjyh- uksdjh djhr vlrkuk rs

jsYosesUl ;qfu;ups fØ;k’khy dk;ZdrsZ cuys- o;kP;k 21 O;k o”khZ 1928 e/;s R;kauh

jsYos dkexkjkapk lai ?kMowu vk.kyk- gk lai ;’kLoh >kyk ukgh] laikr lgHkkxh

>kysY;kauk dkeko:u dkkyh- R;keqGs

jsYosP;k uksdjhoj R;kauk ik.kh lksMkos ykxys- R;kuarj iatkc izkarkr vkWy bafM;k fjiksVZjph

fQjrh uksdjh iRdjyh- gh uksdjh djhr vlrkukp iatkc e/khy dkgh ØkafrdkjdkadMwu

R;kauh gkrckWac r;kj dj.;kps izf’k{k.k ?ksrys-

1931 e/;s R;kaP;k ofMykapk e`R;w >kyk vlrkukgh rs ?kjh vkys ukghr- R;kaP;k

eukr osxGsp fopkj ?kksGr gksrs- fczfV’k lŸksP;k fojks/kkr mBko dj.;kP;k gkypkyh

fo”k;h rs Økafrdkjdka’kh fopkjfofue; djhr gksrs- 1937 e/;s rs vkiY;k ewG xkoh

fcjokMh ;sFks ijr vkys- rsFks vkY;kuarj R;kauk LFkkfud ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k vusd leL;k fnlwu

vkY;k- R;keqGs ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k O;Fkk o iz’u lksMfo.;kdMs R;kauh y{k dsafnzr dsys- R;klkBh

‘ksrdÚ;kauk la?kfVr dj.;kpk R;kauh iz;Ru dsyk- laiw.kZ dksd.kkr ‘ksrdjh la?kVuk LFkkiu

dj.kkjs rs ifgys usrs gksrs- nq”dkGxzLr ‘ksrdÚ;kauk la?kfVr d:u gtkjks ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k

lákaps fuosnu R;kauh eqacbZ izkarkps rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h ckGklkgsc [ksj ;kaP;kdMs ikBowu ;k

‘ksrdÚ;kuk [kkoVh feGkoh v’kh vkxzgh Hkwfedk ?ksryh- eq[;ea«;kauh dqykck ftYáklkBh

10 gtkj :Ik;s eatwj dsys- ek= gk fu/kh ‘ksrdÚ;kai;Zar iksgksp.;klkBh cjkp vo/kh

ykx.kkj gksrk- rksi;Zar x.kirhpk l.k rksaMkoj vkyk gksrk- gh fudM vksG[kwu egkM

e/khy dkWaxzslps lØh; dk;ZdrsZ o izfl/n O;kikjh rqGtkjke feBkHkkbZ ‘ksB ;kauh

‘ksrdÚ;kauk vkiY;k nqdkukrwu rkanwG iqjfoyk-2 ukuk iqjksfgrkaP;k ;k dk;kZeqGs rs

egkM&fcjokMh&okG.k ifjljkr dekyhps yksdfiz; >kys- xjhckapk okyh Eg.kwu R;kapk

ukoykSfdd izkIr >kyk-

Lkekarj ‘kkluO;oLFkk fuekZ.k dj.;kpk ;kstuk %& ;kp dkGkr ;qjksikr nqljs egk;q/n lq: gksrs- 1941 P;k v[ksji;Zar baXyaM

ijkHkokP;k Nk;sr vkyk gksrk- R;keqGs ;q/nttZj >kysY;k baXyaMyk v[ksjpk tksjnkj /kDdk

nsowu Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; izkIr d:u ?;kos vlk fu/kkZj jk"Vªh; lHksus dsyk- egkRek xka/khauh 9

vkWxLV 1942 jksth eqacbZP;k vkWxLV Økarh eSnkukrwu pystko ;k pGoGhyk lq#okr

dsyh- ^djsaxs ;k ejsaxs* gk ukjk nsÅu HkkjrHkj fczfV’kfojks/kh vkanksyu iqdkj.;kr vkys- ;k

vkanksyukpk eq[; mÌs’k uksdj’kkghps euks/kS;Z [kPph d:u fczfV’kkaph laiw.kZ 'kklu ;a=.kk

f[kGf[kGh dj.ks o R;kauk Hkkjrkr jkT; pkyfo.ks v’kD; dj.ks gk gksrk-3 R;kpkp ,d

Hkkx Eg.kwu egkM ;sFks eksBh Økarh dj.;kph ;kstuk vk[k.;kr vkyh-

fdlku ekspkZps vk;kstu %& egkM ;sFkhy ekeysnkj dpsjh rkC;kr ?ksÅu rsFks lekarj 'kkluO;oLFkk fuekZ.k

dj.;kph gh ;kstuk gksrh- ukuklkgsc iqjksfgr ;kauh ;k ;kstusps usr̀Ro dsys- ;k vkanksyukph

iwoZr;kjh 10 vkWxLV 1942 iklwu lq: dj.;kr vkyh- 1942 P;k lq#okrhiklwu

dkaWxzsle/khy lektoknh xVkus ;sFkhy tehunkjkafo#/n ¼[kksr½ i;kZ;kus fczfV’k ljdkjfo#/n

tuer r;kj dj.;kl izkjaHk dsyk gksrk- 1941 e/;s fcjokMh ;sFks >kysY;k 'ksrdjh

ifj"knsus ljdkjfo#/n izpaM vlarks"k fuekZ.k dsyk gksrk- 1 lIVscj 1942 jksth iq.;kr

>kysY;k cSBdhr egkMP;k eqDrhekspkZlkBh 10 lIVsacj gk fnol fuf’pr dj.;kr vkyk-4

R;klkBh iq.;kgwu jk"Vªlsok nykps fuoMd dk;ZdrsZ egkMdMs ikBfo.;kr vkys- fcjokMh]

'ksyVksyh] okG.k ;k ifjljkr gs dk;ZdrsZ izpkj d: ykxys- jk;xM fdYY;kP;k ik;F;k’kh

vlysY;k ‘ksyVksyh ;k xkokr ,d Nko.kh mHkkj.;kr vkyh- fnol ikolkGÓkkps

vlY;kus jLR;kus ok xkMhus tk.ks /kksD;kps gksrs- R;keqGs jk=hP;k dkGks[kkr Mksaxj ekxkZus

yirNir dk;ZdrZs ‘ksyVksyhP;k Nko.khoj iksgkspys- toGikl 500 vf’kf{kr ‘ksrdjh ;k

fBdk.kh tek >kys- gs ‘ksrdjh izkeq[;kus fcjokMh] ‘ksyVksyh] okG.k [kqnZ] okG.k cqnqzd]

nfgoM] okjaxh] lkouh] nso?kj] N=h futkeiwj] ekVo.k] ok?kksyh] cksjxko vknh xkokrhy

jfgoklh gksrs-5

9 lIVscjP;k e/;jk=h ;k Nko.kho:u ekspkZ egkMdMs fu?kkyk- ^egkRek xka/kh dh

t;*] ^f’kokth egkjkt dh t;* v’kk ?kks”k.kk nsr gk ekspkZ fu?kkyk- ;k Hkxkr vusd

fnol eqlG/kkj ikÅl iMr gksrk- xfueh dkO;kus ekxZØe.k djhr] rqMqac Hk:u okg.kkjs

vkssaMk ns.;kr

vkyk-7 dkgh varj iqkMY;k R;k xksGÓkk oehZ ykxwu rks r#.k [kkyh dkslGyk- R;kps

uko deGkdj nkaMsdj- ;k >VkiVhr uFkw Vsdkoys gk r#.k iksfylkaP;k gkrkrY;k jk;Qyh

fgldko.;kpk iz;Ru djhr gksrk- iksfylkauh R;kP;k fn’ksus xu isVfoyh- R;kr uFkw Vsdkoys

tkxhp xrizk.k >kyk- olar nkrs gk lR;kxzgh iksfylkaP;k fn’ksus gkrckWaEc Qsdr gksrk- rs

pqdfor iksfylkauh jk;Qyhps rhu ckj dkkMyh

R;kr rks gh tkxP;k tkxh Bkj >kyk-

vkanksydkauh iksfylka’kh >VkiV d:u canqdk fgldkowu ?ksrY;k o R;kauk rkC;kr

?ksÅu ljdkjh dpsjhdMs fu?kkys- ek= rksi;Zar ek.kxkogwu iksfylkaph tknk dqed ;sÅu

R;kauh xka/kkjh ukD;kiklwup xksGhckjkl lq#okr dsyh- R;keqGs vkanksydkaps euks/kS;Z [kpys

o R;kauh iGkiG lq: dsyh- loZp vkanksyd Rojsus Hkwfexr >kys- iqkys rj ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh Bkj >kyk- iksfylkaP;k xksGhckjkr o ykBhekjkr vusd

vkanksyd tcj t[keh >kys- egkMP;k ;k eqDrhekspkZr toGikl 500 vkanksyd lgHkkxh

gksrs- R;krhy 141 t.kkaoj ljdkjus [kVyk Hkjyk- egkM ifjljkr izpaM ng’kr fuekZ.k

dsyh- ifjljkrhy xkokaoj lkeqfgd naM vkdkjyk- ekspkZps usr̀Ro dj.kkjs ukuk iqjksfgr

Hkwfexr >kY;kus R;kauk idM.;klkBh ljdkjus 10 gtkj #i;kaps cf{kl ykoys- ek= rs

iksfylkaP;k gkrh ykxys ukghr- [kVY;kph lquko.kh Bk.;kP;k ls’ku dksVkZr >kyh-

[kVY;kpk fudky nsrkuk U;k;ky;kus 48 vkjksihauk nks”kh Bjowu R;kauk nh?kZ eqnrhph lDr

etqjhph f’k{kk BksBkoyh- ukuk iqjksfgr iksfylkaP;k gkrh u ykxY;kus ;k [kVY;kr R;kauk

f’k{kk gksÅ ‘kdyh ukgh-

taftjk laLFkku foyhuhdj.kkrhy ;ksxnku & nqlÚ;k egk;q/nkP;k lekIrhi;Zar fczfV’kkadMwu Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; ns.;kckcrP;k

gkypkyhauk osx vkyk gksrk- Lokra«;kpk dk;nk ikfjr gksrkuk Hkkjrkph QkG.kh o

laLFkkukuk fnysys fu.kZ; Lokra«; gs HkkjrklkBh Mksdsnq[kh BjY;k gksR;k- Lora= Hkkjrkr

vlysY;k 550 gwu vf/kd laLFkkukaP;k fofyuhdj.kkpk iz’u vfr’k; fcdV cuyk gksrk-

vusd laLFkkukauh HkkjrkP;k lkehyukE;koj Lok{kjh d:u Hkkjrkr lkehy gks.;kph r;kjh

nk[kfoyh- vls vlrkuk jk;xM ftYákrhy taftjk laLFkkukP;k laLFkkfudkus lafnX/k Hkwfedk

?ksr ikfdLrkukr lkehy gks.;kP;k gkypkyh lq: dsY;k-

taftjk laLFkku ikfdLrkukr foyhu gks.ks gh HkkjrkP;k n`”Vhus eksBh Mksdsnq[kh Bjyh

vlrh- taftjk laLFkkukrhy ifjfLFkrh vR;ar LQksVd >kysys vlrkukgh Hkkjr ljdkj

ns[khy foyhuhdj.kkckcr dks.krhgh Bksl Hkwfedk ?ksr uOgrs- eqacbZ izkarkps ljdkjgh ‘kkar

gksrs- egkM eqDrh ekspkZps vxz.kh vlysys ukuklkgsc iqjksfgr ;kauh ;kdkeh iq

Ukkuk iqjksfgrkauh 28 tkusokjh 1948 jksth EglGÓkkrhy ifjfLFkrh tk.kwu ?ksryh-

EglGk rkyqD;kP;k ljgÌhoj vlysY;k [kkexko ;sFks vkiyh y”djh Nko.kh mHkkjyh-10

rsFkwup taftjk laLFkkups gaxkeh ljdkj LFkkiu d:u vkiyk Lora= dkjHkkj lq: dsyk- ;k

gaxkeh ljdkjps iariz/kku Eg.kwu rs Lor% dkjHkkj ikgw ykxys ;k ljdkjps Lora= eaf=eaMG

LFkkiu d:u R;kr eksgu /kkjh;k] lnk’kho ckxkbZrdj] gfjHkkÅ HkMlkoGs] f’kokthjko

lkoar] jktkHkkÅ pkanksjdj] ds’ko [kkacsVs] enu vkck lkoar] jkeHkkÅ lkBs] tuknZu Hkksdjs]

Jhir pkS/kjh ;k lgdkÚ;kapk lekos’k gksrk-11 Nko.khe/;s vko’;d ‘kL=lkBkgh dssssss ssyk-

R;kr ryokjh] Hkkys] canqdk v’kk izdkjph ‘kL=kL=sgh gksrh- Nko.khr toGikl nksu gtkj

r#.kkapk Hkj.kk gksrk- R;kauk ‘kL=kL=kaps izf’k{k.kgh fnys gksrs-

laLFkkuh izns’kkrwu EglGk rkyqdk eqDr dj.;kph ;kstuk vk[k.;kr vkyh- ek= ;k

;kstusph ekfgrh iztkifj”knsP;k dk;ZdR;kZauh uokcki;Zar iksgkspfoyh- R;kus laLFkkukrhy

blkd iBk.k ;k iksfyl vf/kdkÚ;kyk EglGk ;sFks ikBfoys- R;kP;klkscr toGikl ,d

gtkj iksfylkaph eksBh dqedgh fnyh-12 iqjksfgrkauh vkiY;k loZ lgdkÚ;kauk ,d= cksykowu

R;kaP;k’kh ppkZ dsyh- vkiY;k xqIrgsjkaekQZr ;kvxksnj laLFkkukrhy cÚ;kp xks”Vhaph ekfgrh

R;kauh feGfoyh gksrh- R;kauh eksgu /kkjh;k ;kaP;k usr̀Rok[kkyh ,d f’k”VeaMG EglGÓkke/;s

ikBfoys-

taftjk gs laLFkku Hkkjrkr foyhu Ogkos v’kh vkeph ekx.kh vlwu R;kplkBh vkEgh

gaxkeh ljdkj LFkkiu dsY;kps R;kl iVowu fnys- blkd iBk.k ;kl f’k”VeaMGkps fopkj

iVys o rks R;kl r;kj >kyk- ek= EglGÓkkrhy eqfLyekauk dks.krkgh /kksdk iksgksp.kkj

ukgh ;kph R;kus geh ?ksryh- R;klkBh R;kus xkokrhy dkgh izfrf”Br eqfLyekauk cksykowu

?ksrys- ;k eqfLyekauh iksfyl vf/kdkÚ;kyk ?kkbZ?kkbZus fu.kZ; u ?ks.;kpk lYyk fnyk-

ek= taftjk laLFkku Hkkjrkr foyhu gksÅ u;s ;klkBhps ;sFkhy eqfLyekaps gs dqVhy

dkjLFkku vlY;kps R;kP;k y{kkr vkY;kus rks vkiY;k QkStQkVÓkklg eq:MdMs jokuk

>kyk-13 f’k”VeaMGkus vkiyh dkefxjh pks[ki.ks ctkoyh gksrh- R;kaph f’k”VkbZ ;’kLoh

>kyh gksrh- gh ckreh Nko.khr iksgksprkp R;kauh ,dp tYyks”k dsyk- tekokus

EglGÓkkdMs /kko ?ksryh- ukuk iqjksfgrkaP;k eqDrhlsuspk EglGÓkkrhy uokckP;k loZp

vf/kdkÚ;kauh /kldk ?ksryk gksrk- R;kauh dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk fojks/k u djrk ‘kj.k vkys-

29 tkusokjh 1948 jksth igkVs laiw.kZ EglGs xkokpk rkck ?ksryk- xkokrhy loZlkekU;

yksdkauh ;k eqDrhlsusps Lokxr dsys- loZ= tYyks”k lq: >kyk- ;sFkhy yksdkaukgh Hkkjrkr

foyhu Ogkosls okVr gksrs- dkgh lektdaVdkauh R;kl fojks/k dsyk gksrk- eqDrhlsusP;k iqkyh- ukuklkgsc iqjksfgrkaP;k usr̀Rok[kkyh taftjk laLFkkukpk

,d rqdMk 29 tkusokjh 1948 jksth Lora= >kyk- gfjHkkÅ HkMlkoGs ;kaP;k

v/;{krs[kkyh rsFks rkRiqjrk dkjHkkj dj.;klkBh ,d lferh LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh-14

R;kr ckiwlkg sc nkrkj] enu vkck lkoar] HkkÅ fopkjs] ckiw jkts ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- ;k

lferhrhy izR;sd vf/kdkÚ;kyk HkkjrHkweh’kh ,dfu”B jkg.;kph ‘kiFk ns.;kr vkyh-

ukukauh uokckP;k uksdjhr vlysY;k o utjdSn dsysY;k ekeysnkj Jh- dkj[kkuhl o

QkStnkj Jh- felkG ;kauk eqDr d:u vkiY;k ljdkjps vf/kdkjh Eg.kwu fu;qDr dsys-15

Jho/kZu rkyqdk eqDrh %& EglGk rkyqdk laLFkkuh vaeykrwu eqDr dsY;kus eqDrhlsuspk vkRefo’okl okkys- ;k ?kVuspk loZ= vkuanksRlo

lq: >kyk- ‘ksdMks o”kkZaph xqykeh u”V >kyh- Jho/kZupk rkck ?ksrY;kuarj ;sFksgh gaxkeh

ljdkjpk dkjHkkj lq: >kyk-

;k nksUgh rkyqD;kaoj gaxkeh ljdkjus vkB fnol dkjHkkj dsyk- Jho/kZu gs ;k

ljdkjps eq[;ky; gksrs- ;k ljdkjus flÌhP;k ekydhph /kkU;kph dksBkjs fjdkeh d:u rh

xksjxjhckauk okV.;kr vkyh- R;keqGs lkekU; yksdkae/;sgh ;k ljdkjfo”k;h fo’okl okVw

ykxyk- EglGk vkf.k Jho/kZu rkyqds taftjk laLFkkukrwu eqDr >kY;kph ekfgrh Hkkjr

ljdkjyk feGkY;kuarj dqykck ftYákps R;kosGps R;kosGps ftYgkf/kdkjh ¼dysDVj½

>qfYQdkj vyh >qcsnh iksfylkaP;k QkStQkVÓkklg laLFkkuke/;s vkys- R;kauh Jho/kZu o

EglGk ;k Hkkxkpk rkck vkiY;kdMs ekfxryk- gaxkeh ljdkjus rks vkuankus nsÅ dsyk-

v’kk izdkjs EglGk o Jho/kZupk Hkkx Hkkjr ljdkjdMs ;sÅu rks Lora= Hkkjrke/;s foyhu

>kyk-16

eq:M&taftjk foyhuhdj.k%& EglGk vkf.k Jho/kZu gs nksu rkyqds laLFkkukP;k rkC;krwu ,Ogkuk eqDr >kys gksrs-

vkrk FksV uokckykp vkOgku ns.;kph osG vkyh gksrh- ukuk iqjksfgrkauh EglGk o Jho/kZu

ukckP;k opZLok[kkywu eqDr dsY;kph ckreh rkjsus Hkkjrkps x`gea=h oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy] eqacbZ

izkarkps eq[;ea=h ckGklkgsc [ksj o eq#MP;k uokckyk dGfo.;kr vkyh- nqlÚ;k fno’kh

eq#Moj ekspkZ dk

uokc flÌh egen ;kus foyhuhdj.k djkjkoj lgh dsyh vkf.k taftjk laLFkku

dk;ns’khjn`”VÓk Hkkjrh; la?kjkT;kr foyhu >kys-

lkjka’k & 1857 P;k mBkokrhy vi;’kkuarj jk”Vªh; lHksP;k LFkkiusus iqUgk ,dnk

Hkkjrh;kae/;s uopSrU; fuekZ.k >kys- yks- fVGdkalkj[;k tgky fopkjkaP;k usR;kauh

fczfV’kkafo:/nP;k vlarks”kkyk vk.k[khu [krik.kh ?kkrys- R;keqGs egkjk”Vªkr fBdfBdk.kh

tgky Økafrdkjdkauh baxztkafo:/npk vkiyk jks”k R;kaP;k d`rhrwu nk[kowu fnyk-

xka/kh;qxke/khy fofo/k vkanksyukae/;s vfgalkRed i/nrhus o lR;kxzgkP;k ek/;ekrwu

tursus mRLQwrZ izfrlkn fnyk- ljdkjfo:/n ekspsZ] gjrkG] fun’kZus] ;kaps l= lq: >kys-

;kp vkanksyukpk ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu egkMP;k ekeysnkj dpsjhoj fo|kFkhZ o ‘ksrdÚ;kauh

ekspkZ dkkyk vlyk rjh R;kaP;kryk Økafrdkjd vtwugh tkxk

gksrk- ns’kkyk Lokra«; feGr vlrkuk vkiY;k uftd vlysys eq:M&taftjk gs laLFkku

ikfdLrkukr foyhu dj.;kP;k rsFkhy uokckP;k gkypkyh R;kuk LoLFk clw nsr uOgR;k-

vkiY;k lgdkÚ;kauk fo’oklkr ?ksÅu R;kauh gs laLFkku Lora= Hkkjrkr foyhu dj.;kph

;kstuk vk[kyh vkf.k dks.krkgh la?k”kZ o lDrikr u djrk gs laLFkku Hkkjrkr foyhu

dj.;kph fde;k dsyh- ukuk iqjksfgrkaps gs Økarhdk;Z HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkr n[ky ?;koh vls

fu’prp vkgs- vktgh reke jk;xMoklh;kauk izsj.kknk;h Bjrs-

lanHkZ %&

1½ tksx xksfoan] rykBh txUukFk] jk;xM ftYg;kpk Lokra«; laxzke]

jk;xM ftYgk Økafrfnu lqo.kZ egksRlo lferh is.k] 1992] i`- 71

2½ fcoydj ¼MkW-½ jke] egkMpk Økafrohj] eksj;k izdk’ku] Mksafcoyh] 1992] i`- 29

3½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] n’kZfudk foHkkx]

egkjk”Vª ‘kklu] 1993] i`- 181%

4 fcoydj ¼MkW-½ jke] iwoksZDr] i`- 33

5 pkS/kjh fd- dk-] iwoksZDr] i`- 181%

6½ ckG Jhd`”.k ¼laik½] ;K ¼vfu;rdkfyd½ 73ok gqrkRek Le`frfnu fo’ks”kkad]

JhnŸk izdk’ku] egkM] lIVsacj 2015] i`- 13

7½ ckG Jhd`”.k ¼laik½] ;K ¼vfu;rdkfyd½ 64 ok gqrkRek Le`frfnu fo’ks”kkad]

JhnŸk izdk’ku] egkM] lIVsacj 2006] i`- 16

8½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] iwoksZDr] i`- 182

9½ fdŸkk] i`- 183

10 pkS/kjh fd- dk-] ¼laik-½ jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] iwoksZDr] i`- 190

11 tksx xks- fp-] rykBh t- N-] iwoksZDr] i`- 102

12 pkS/kjh fd- dk-] jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] iwoksZDr] i`- 190

13 pkS/kjh ds- ds-] dzkarhioZ egkjk”Vªkps ;ksxnku] iwoksZDr] i`- 218

14 fcoydj jke] ukuk iqjksfgr&,dk Økafrohjkph thoudFkk] v/;{k]

egkM&iksykniwj rkyqdk lektoknh fe= eaMG] 1974] i`- 55

15 fdŸkk

16 lkear ckG] egkioZ] egkjk”Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLd`rh eaMG]

eqacbZ] 1986] i`- 580

17 ‘kgklus panzdkar] ns’kHkDr dks’k] cgqtu lkfgR;/kkjk] iq.ks] 2012] ì- 452

18 fpV.khl ‘kjn] taftjk laLFkkupk bfrgkl] bfrgkl la’kks/ku ea aMG] eqacbZ ejkBh

xzaaFk laxzgky; eqacbZ] 1999] i`- 94




iksykniwj&jk;xM


Mob. No. 9423382078

lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoGhr is.k rkyqD;kps ;ksxnku

izkLrkfod&

1920 e/;s yks- fVGdkapk eR̀;w >kyk vkf.k jk”Vªh; lHksp s usr̀Ro egkRek xka/khadMs vkys R;keqG s fczfV’kfojks/kh

vkanksyukph lw=sgh R;kaP;kdMsp vkyh- R;kpo”khZ xka/khthauh vlgdkj vkanksyu lq: d:u fczfV’k lRrsyk gknjk ns.;kps

fuf’pr dsys- gs vkanksyu iw.kZi.ks vfgalkRed ekxkZus pkyfo.;kps xka/khthaps vkns’k gksrs- lq#okrhiklwup ;k vkanksyukyk

O;kid izfrlkn feGwu lk&;k ns’kHkj mRlkg lapkjyk gksrk- ek= Qsczqokjh 1922 P;k pkSjhpkSjk gR;kdkaMkP;k ?kVusus ;k

vkanksyukyk fgalsps xkycksV ykxY;kus xka/khthauh rMdkQMdh gs vkanksyu jÌ dsys- R;keqGs laiw.kZ ns’kkr fujk’ksps okrkoj.k

okrkoj.k r;kj >kys-

1927 rs 1930 ;k dkGkr dkgh egRoiw.kZ ?kMkeksMh ?kMY;kus xka/khthauh iqUgk ,dnk fczfV’k fojks/kh vkanksyukph

gkd fnyh-1 gs vkanksyu Eg.ktsp lfou; dk;nsHkax vkanksyu gks;- ;k vkanksyuklkBh xka/khthauh ehB ;k inkFkkZph izrhd Eg.kwu

fuoM dsyh- R;keqGs ;k vkanksyukyk feBkpk LkR;kxzg vlsgh EgVys tkrs-

[kjs rj lR;kxzg gs xka/khthauh Hkkjrh;kauk fnysys vR;ar izHkkoh vls vL= gksrs- lR;kxzgkP;k ek/;ekrwu fczfV’kkaps

cykkys- is.k vkf.k iuosy rkyqD;kr jhrlj lR;kxzgkyk lq#okr gksÅu ;k

vkanksyukpk O;kid izlkj >kyk-2 is.k rkyqD;kps ;ksxnkugh R;kr eksBs gksrs- ehB lR;kxzgklkscr taxy lR;kxzg ns[khy

rkyqD;kr fBdfBdk.kh ?kMwu vkys- R;keqGs lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoGhr is.k rkyqD;kph Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ Bjyh-

v½ feBkpk lR;kxzg %&

jk;xM ftYgk dkWaxszl dfeVhus jk;xM ftYg;kr lfou; dk;nsHkax dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- R;kn”̀Vhus feBkpk lR;kxzg dj.;kps fuf’pr dj.;kr vkys- is.k ;sFks ftYgk dkWaxszlP;k orhus ,dk f’kchjkps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys- is.k ‘kgjkr nkrkj

vkGhe/;s jaxksiar fye;s ;kaP;k Hkkr fxj.khe/;s 8 ,fizy 1930 jksth lq: >kysY;k ;k f’kchjklkBh ftYg;krhy vU;

rkyqD;krwu vusd eaMGhauh gtsjh ykoyh- R;kr vfyckxps HkkÅlkgsc ysys] ek/kojko fye;s] lq/kkxM&ikyhps ckiqlkgsc

fye;s] xksjsxko&ek.kxkops O;kikjh Jh- ‘kgk] egkMps O;kikjh firkacjHkkbZ ‘ksB] iuosyps vkRekjke vkBoys] ukuklkgsc csMsdj]

ckGklkgsc iVo/kZu vknhapk lekos’k gksrk- ;k f’kchjkps v/;{k Eg.kwu is.kP;k Jh- jkeHkkÅ eaMfysd ;kaph fuoM dj.;kr

vkyh-3 u- fp- dsGdj ;kaP;k gLrs >saMkoanu gksÅu f’kchjkyk lq#okr >kyh-

14 ,fizy 1930 iklwu njjkst jk=h is.ke/;s guqeku O;k;ke ‘kkGsP;k iVkax.kkoj tkghj lHkk gksÅ ykxY;k-4 ;k

lHkkauk ftYg;krwu rlsp ftYg;kckgs:u dk Waxzlps vusd iqkys- ;k lR;kxzgkps

usrR̀o ukuk dk.ks ;kauh dsys- is.k rkyqD;krhy vusd [ksMsxkokrwu ‘ksdMks yksd ;k ehB lR;kxzgklkBh vkys gksrs- R;kr

L=h&iq:”k] vkckG&o/̀n] f’kf{kr&vf’f{kr yksdkapk lekos’k gksrk- vR;ar f’kLrc/n i/nrhus o ‘kkari.ks gk lR;kxzg dj.;kr

vkyk- ukuk dk.ks ;kauk ;kosGh vR;ar izHkkoh o vksTkLoh Hkk”k.k dsys-

30 ,fizy jksth iqUgk ,dnk is.ke/khy izfl/n vlysY;k dkiwj ckxse/;s lR;kxzg dj.;kps Bjys-6 dkiwj ckx gh

‘kgjkP;k mRrjsl Hkksxkorh unh fduk&;koj tqU;k iqyk ¼HkqaMk iwy½ uftd vkgs- d”̀.kkth ikaMqjax lkBs ;kaP;k ekydhph

vlysY;k ;k ckxsr BjY;kizek.ks ‘ksdMks yksd fejo.kqdhus tek gkÅ ykxys- jkeHkkÅ eaMfyd ;kauh f’kchj LFkGh >saMkoanu

dsys ek= iksfylkauh eaMfydkauk o x- fo dsrdjkauk fejo.kwd fu?k.;kiwohZp vVd dsyh-7 fejo.kwd dkiwjckxsr f’kjyh- ;k

fejo.kwdhr iuosy] vfyckx] egkM ;k rkyqD;karwugh yksd vkys gksrs- jkeHkkÅ eaMfyd ;kaP;k fuea=.kko:u u- fp- dsGdj

gs ;k lR;kxzgklkBh is.kyk vkys gksrs-8 R;kauh ;k lR;kxzgkps usr̀Ro dsys- R;kauh fuoMd lR;kxzghaph lR;kxzgklkBh fuoM

dsyh gksrh- R;kr fparke.k’kkL=h nkeys ekLrj] pquhyky esgrk ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- izR;sdkP;k ekF;koj yky jaxkpk dqadqe

fryd ykoyk gksrk- gkrkr ,d ekrhps dqaHk ?ksÅu loZ lR;kxzgh [kkMkfdukjh xsys o [kkMhrhy [kkjs ik.kh daqHkkr Hk:u ?ksÅu

iqUgk dkiwj ckxsr vkys o rsFks pqyhoj BsoysY;k ,dk eksB;k dkyk- u- fp-

dsGdj iq.;kyk fu?kwu xsys-

jkeHkkÅ eaMfyd ;kauk izFke oxZ U;k;naMkf/kdk&;kauh 9 efgU;kaP;k dSnsph f’k{kk lqukoyh- 2 es jksth vkpk;Z

Hkkxor iqUgk lR;kxzg dj.kkj gksrs] ek= iksfylkauk vk/khp R;kph [kcj ykxyh vkf.k Hkkxorkauk idM.;kr vkys o R;kauk 1

o”kkZph rq#axoklkph f’k{kk BksBkoyh- vuar dkVdksGh] deykdj lqear ;kaukgh idM.;kr vkys- jaxks okeu fye;s o d̀”.kkth

ikaMqjax lkBs ;kaP;k ekyeRrk ‘kklukus tIr dsY;k-9 ek= rjhgh yksdkapk fczfV’k ljdkjfo#/npk jks”k dkgh deh >kyk ukgh-

muVi{kh [ksMksikM;kae/;s rks vk.k[khup /kqelr jkfgyk- is.k rkyqD;krhy xkxksns] nq”eh] dklw] okoks’kh vknh xkokae/;sgh fczfV’k

fojks/kh vkanksyukauh osx idMyk gksrk- is.kP;k feBkP;k lR;kxzgkrhy vusd dk;ZdR;kZauk uarj egkjk”Vª dkWaxzsl dfeVhus brj

fBdk.kP;k lR;kxzgklkBh ikpkj.k dsY;kus is.ke/khy dk;nsHkaxkph pGoG FkksM;kQkj izek.kkr FkaMkoyh-

c½ taxy lR;kxzg%&

Hkkjr gk ‘ksrhiz/kku ns’k vlwu ;sFkhy ‘ksrdjh fulxkZrhy lk/ku laiRrhpk ‘ksrhP;k dkeklkBh iqjsiwj mi;ksx d:u ?ksr

vlrks- fczfV’kkauh Hkkjrkoj opZLo izLFkkfir dsY;kuarj ;k uk R;k dkj.kkus ;sFkhy ‘ksrd&;kph fiGo.kwd lq: dsyh vkf.k

R;keqGsp Hkkjrkr vusd fBdk.kh ‘ksrdjh pGoGh ?kMwu vkY;k-

egkRek xka/khauh 1930 e/;s lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoG lq: dsyh- ;k pGoGhpk ewG mÌs’k gk fczfV’k ljdkjP;k

tqyeh o vU;k;dkjd dk;n;kapk Hkax dj.ks vlk gksrk- 1927 e/;s fczfV’kkauh Hkkjrh; oudk;nk laer dsyk] tks

‘ksrd&;kaP;k o loZlkekU;k yksdkaP;k ewyHkwr gDdkaoj xnk vk.k.kkjk gksrk- ;k dk;n;kr vusd vR;kpkjh rjrqnh gksR;k

vkf.k R;kaps mYya?ku dsY;kl dBksj f’k{ksph rjrwn gh R;kr gksrh- R;keqGs ‘ksrdjh] rlsp taxyka’kh lacaf/kr yksdkaP;k

mnjfuokZgkph lk/kusp u”V gks.kkj gksrh vkf.k Eg.kwu Hkkjrkr loZ= ;k dk;n;kP;k fojks/kh okrkoj.k r;kj >kys gksrs-

jk;xM ftYgk gk lg;knzh ioZrkP;k Mksaxjjkaaxke/;s fo[kqjysyk vlY;kus ftYg;kph HkkSxksfyd fLFkrh v’kh vkgs dh

tsFks xko vkgs R;kP;k cktqykp Mksaxj vkgs- ;sFkhy yksdkaps jkg.kheku vR;ar lk/ks vlwu Hkkr o ekls gs R;kaps eq[; vUu

vkgs- R;keqGs jkstP;k xjtk Hkkxfo.;klkBh R;kauk Mksaxjke/;s o rsFkhy taxyHkkxkr tk.;kf’kok; xR;arj uOgrs- yksdkauk

?kjcka/k.khlkBh ykx.kkjs ykdwM] jkstP;k tG.kklkBh ykx.kkjs lji.k] ‘ksrhP;k votkjkalkBh ykx.kkjs ykdwM] tukojkalkBh

ykx.kkjk pkjk] ‘ksrhP;k e’kkxrhlkBh ykx.kkjs xor o ikykikpksGk ;klkBh jkstP;k jkst taxykr tk.ks xjtsps vls- rlsp xqjs

pj.;klkBh] f’kdkjhlkBh] vkS”k/kh ouLirh] e/k xksGk dj.ks] ikysHkkT;k] fofo/k izdkjph QGs b- xjtkalkBh taxys gk xzkeh.k

yksdthoukpk vfoHkkT; Hkkx gksrk- 1927 P;k oudk;n;kus ;k loZ izdkjP;k xjtkaoj e;kZnk vk.kY;k gksR;k- ,dizdkjs rks

xzkeh.k thoukP;k ewGkojp vkyk gksrk- Eg.kwup is.k rkyqD;krgh ;k dk;n;kP;k fojks/kkr loZlkekU; turse/;s rhoz vlarks”k

fuekZ.k >kyk gksrk- xka/khthaP;k lfou; dk;nsHkaxkP;k vkns’kkus rkyqD;kr uopSrU; fuekZ.k gksÅu taxy lR;kxzgkyk izsj.kk

feGkyh-

1930 P;k tqyS efgU;kr vfyckx ;sFks jk;xM ftYgk dkWaxzl dfeVhph cSBd gksÅu feBkP;k lR;kxzgk izek.ksp

taxy lR;kxzg dj.;kps Bjfo.;kr vkys- ikolkGk lq: vlY;kus ehB lR;kxzg can dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- R;keqGs jk”Vªh;

dkWaxzlus ftYgk dfeV;kauk taxy lR;kxzg dj.;kps vkns’k fnys gksrs- R;kpkp ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu ftYgk dkWaxzl dfeVhus rkyqdk

dfeV;kauk lwpuk fnY;k- R;kuqlkj is.k rkyqD;kr taxy lR;kxzgkyk lq#okr >kyh- tuknZu ds’ko nkeys ;kaP;k usrR̀ok[kkyh

Lo;alsodkaps ,d iFkd xkoksxkoh tkÅu lHkk ?ksÅ ykxys o lR;kxzgklkBh tkxsph ikg.kh d: ykxys- [ksMsxkokrhy vMk.kh]

vf’kf{kr yksdkauk fczfV’k ljdkjP;k tqyeh o vR;kpkjh /kksj.kkaph o dk;n;kaph ekfgrh ns.;kr ;sÅ ykxyh- fczfV’k ljdkjus

dsysyk 1927 pk ou dk;nk fdrh tkpd vkgs] gs yksdkauk iVowu ns.;kps iz;Ru dj.;kr vkys- rkyqD;krhy dklw xkoke/;s

j.kNksMnkl ‘ksB ;kaP;k okM;kr lR;kxzgkph iqkMs&>qMis rksM.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- iksfylkauh R;kaP;kojgh >Mi ?kkryh- 14 vkWDVkscjyk ‘kadj +++Œ;acd Bkslj]

nRrk=; xqjo o j?kqukFk lkoar ;kauh taxykr tkÅu ykdMs rksM.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk] ek= R;kaukgh idM.;kr ;sÅu lgk efgus

lDr etqjhph f’k{kk ns.;kr vkyh- 15 vkWDVkscjyk uk.ksxkoP;k taxykr iqUgk i- jk- nkrs] ckiqth eksdk’kh] xtkuu eyckjh

;kauh taxy lR;kxzg dsyk-13 ljdkjus canh ?kkrysY;k Hkkxkr rs f’kjys Eg.kwu iksfylkauh R;kauk idMys vkf.k rhu efgus lDr

etqjhph f’k{kk fnyh-

v'kk izdkjs is.k rkqD;krhy fofo/k xkokae/khy yksdkauh ljdkjus ?kkrysyh ca/kus >qxk:u taxykr f’kj.;kpk o

i;kZ;kus oudk;n;kpk Hkax dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk egkRek xka/khauh lq: dsysY;k lfou; dk;nsHakx pGoGhr mRLQwrZ lgHkkx

?ksÅu ljdkjfo#/npk jks”k R;krwu O;Dr dsyk-ljdkjh nMi’kkghph tjkgh rek u ckGxrk glreq[kkus rq#axokl Hkksxyk-

xks”kokjk%&

HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkr fczfV’k dkG gk Hkkjrh;kaP;k ǹ”Vhus vR;ar tqyeh o vR;kpkjh Lo#ikpk gksrk- Hkkjrkps ;sudsu

izdkjs vkfFkZd ‘kks”k.k d:u Hkkjrh; laiRrhpk vks?k baXyaMdMs us.;kph fczfV’kkaph uhrh gksrh- ek= gs /kksj.k Hkkjrkrhy

loZlkekU; yksdkaP;k jkstP;k thou i/nrhyk ekjd B: ykxys vkf.k Eg.kwup 1857 P;k vi;’kkus [kpysY;k Hkkjrh;kauh

fczfV’kkauk ,dtqVhus lkeksjs tk.;klkBh 1885 e/;s jk”Vªh; lHkk gh ns’kO;kih la?kVuk LFkkiu dsyh-

jk”Vªh; lHksP;k Lokra«; vkanksyukrhy xka/kh iokZe/;s lfou; dk;nsHkax gh vfr’k; egRoiw.kZ pGoG gksrh- 1920

P;k vlgdkj pGoGhP;k vi;’kkuarj fczfV’k ljdkjus vusd vR;kpkjh o tkpd vls dsys gksrs- ;k dk;n;kapk Hkax

dj.;kP;k ǹf”Vdksukrwu xka/khthauh 1930 e/;s lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoG lq: dsyh- ;k pGoGhlkBh R;kauh ehB ;k inkFkkZph

izrhd Eg.kwu fuoM dsyh- R;kauh Lor% nkaMhP;k leqnzfdukjh tkÅu feBkpk lR;kxzg dsyk- R;kuarj laiw.kZ ns’kHkjkr vusd

fBdk.kh feBkpk lR;kxzg ?kMwu vkys- is.k rkyqD;krgh vls lR;kxzg ?kMwu vkys- rlsp 1927 P;k oudk;n;krhy tkpd

rjrqnhapk Hkax d:u rkyqD;kr fBdfBdk.kh taxy lR;kxzg ?kMwu vkys- ljdkjh nMi’kkghph tjkgh rek u ckGxrk lkekU;

yksdkauhgh ;k lR;kxzgkr mRLQwrZ lgHkkx ?ksÅu ,dizdkjs lfou; dk;nsHkax pGoGhr vkiys egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fnys-

lanHkZ %&

1 tk/ko ¼MkW-½ ccu fHkolsu] jk;xM ftYg;krhy LokraŒ; pGoG% ‘ksrd&;kapk lgHkkx] y{eh cqd ifCyds’ku] lksykiwj] 2014 i`- 174

2 pkS/kjh fd- dk-] jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] n’kZfudk foHkkx] egkjk”Vª ‘kklu]

1993 i-̀166 3 Tkksx xkfoan] rykBh txUukFk] jk;xM ftYg;kpk Lokra«; laxzke] jk;xM ftYgk dzkarhfnu lqo.kZ

egksRlo lferh is.k] 1992] ì 29

4 tk/ko ¼MkW-½ ccu fHkolsu] mijksDr% ì-179

5 pkS/kjh fd- dk-] mijksDr% ì- 167

6 Tkksx xkfoan] rykBh txUukFk] mijksDr% ì-29

7 csMsZ o oatkjs] ukuk dk.ks ;kaps pfj= o dk;Z] oS’; fo|kJe lklo.ks] 1936] ì 34

8 tk/ko ¼MkW-½ ccu fHkolsu] mijksDr% ì- 179

9 nkrs i- jk- ] is.k rkyqD;krhy Lokra«; laxzkekpk bfrgkl] nkrs izdk’ku] is.k] 1972] ì- 23


11 Tkksx xkfoan] rykBh txUukFk] mijksDr% i`-31


13 nkrs i- jk- mijksDr % ì- 33

izk- izHkkdj x.kir xkoaM ¼bfrgkl foHkkxizeq[k½ lqanjjko eksjs egkfo|ky; iksykniwj&jk;xM


Hkze.k/ouh dz&9423382078

bfrgklkpk le`/n okjlk ykHkysys Ikksykniwj izkLrkfod lg;knzhP;k ioZrjkaxkauh os

ifjljkrhy vusd dkVd o mens r#.k ekoGs egkjkatkauk LojkT; fufeZrhP;k dkekr lgdkjh feGkys-2 jk;xM fdYY;kpk ifjljgh ;kposGh LojkT;kr lekfo"V >kyk gksrk- jk;jhP;k Mksaxjkoj HkDde o vHks| vlk fdYyk cka/k.;kps egkjktkauh fuf’pr dsys gs cka/kdke lq: vlrkuk egkjkt cjspnk jk;xMkoj ;sr vlr R;kosGh rs iksykniwj ifjljkrwu tkr vlY;kps mYys[k lkiMrkr- iksykniwj ;sFks egkjktkauh cjspnk okLrO; dsY;kpsgh mYys[k lkiMrkr- bfrgklkP;k ikÅy[kq.kk %&

� mejB vkf.k rkukth ekyqljs & iksykniwjph [kjh vksG[k ujohj rkukth ekyqljs ;kaP;k #ikus gksrs- iksykniwj

rkyqD;krhy mejB gs rkukth ekyqljs ;kaps vktksG gksrs R;kaps ewG xko lkrkjk ftYg;krhy tkoGh rkyqD;krhy xksMksyh gs gksrs- ek= R;kaps laiw.kZ ckyi.k mejB ;k ekekP;k xkoh xsY;kus R;kaps iqkysY;k la?k”kkZosGh rkukth o lq;kZth ekyqljs gs nks?kst.k egkjktkaP;k utjsr vkys- R;kauh ;k nks?kkauk LojkT;kP;k lsosr nk[ky dsys- 1670 P;k dksakyk- f’kojkT;kfHk"ksd ikg.;kps ln~HkkX; R;kauk ykHkys ukgh- iksykniwje/;s eBxYyhr R;kaph lek/kh vkgs-

� bfrgkldkyhu izfl/n O;Drh o ?kjk.kh f’kokth egkjkt iUgkGxMkP;k os

dklksV;kP;k fdYY;koj gyfoys- nql&;kp o”khZ fczfV’kkauh is’kO;kapk ijkHko dsyk- R;kosGh jk;xMpk ikMko d:u dkaxksjhpk fdYykgh fczfV’kkauh ftadyk-

2½panzxM %& dkaxksjhxMkizek.kps iksykniwj rkyqD;kr kyk- ;k xMkps cka/kdke nkSyrjko panzjko eksjs ;kauh dsys gksrs- is’kosdkGkr panzxMkP;k fdYysnkjkyk mejB] kyk gksrk-

4½ izrkixM %& izrkixM gk vR;ar izfl/n vlysyk fdYkk l/;k lkrkjk ftYg;kr vkgs- ek= iksykniwP;k

lhesoj o iksykniwj iklwu vo?;k 16 fd-eh- vkgs- tkoGhP;k ikMkokuarj 1656 e/;s ewGP;k HkksjI;k Mksaxjkoj f’kokth egkjktkauh izrkixM gk vR;ar nqxZe vlk fdYyk cka/kyk- fotkiwjpk ljnkj vQty[kkukP;k o/kkpk izlax ;kp fdYY;koj ?kMyk- ;kosGh gh eksfge QRrs dj.;klkBh rkukth ekyqljs ;kaP;klg iksykniwj ifjljkrhy vusd ekoG;kauh egRokph Hkwfe;dk ctkoyh- f’kokth egkjkt izrkixMko:u jk;xMkdMs tkrkuk iksykniwj ekxsZ tkr vlr-

f’kodkyhu xkos %& � dksa

vkanksyukr lgHkkx ?ksrysY;k iksykniwj e/khy xksihukFk ykyth xka/kh] x.ks’k vuar djejdj] nRrk=; x.kir lkcGs] foB~By x.kir 'ksB] Nxu fHkdqyky 'ksB] nRrk=; dk’khukFk tks’kh] e.khyky Nxu 'kgk ;kauk rq:axoklkph f’k{kk Hkksxkoh ykxyh gksrh-

� lekjksi ,dq.kp iksykniwj rkyqD;kyk e/;;qxhu o vk/kqfud dkGkrhy bfrgklkpk Qkj eksBk okjlk ykHkyk vkgs- ek= MkasxjkG o nqxZe Hkkxkr toGikl 84 [ksM;kae/;s fo[kqjysyk gk rkyqdk vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd o 'kS{kf.kd n`"V;k [kwip ekxklysyk jkfgyk- eqacbZ&xksok egkekxkZps lkfUu/; o egkcGs’oj iklwu toG vlY;kus FkksM;kQkj izek.kkr i;ZVukP;k n`"Vhus fodkl gksr vkgs- lanHkZ %& 1½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] jk;xM ftYgk xW>sfVvj] n’kZfudk foHkkx] egkjk”Vª ‘kklu] 1993 i`-814 2½ iqjanjs c- eks-] jktk f’koN=irh] iqjanjs izdk’ku] iq.ks] 2003i`- 154 3½ xMdjh Jhfuokl] bfrgkl ti.kkjh xkoa] cqdekdZ ifCyds’ku] iq.ks] 2012] i`-145 4½ xMdjh Jhfuokl] mijksDr] i`- 145 5½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] mijksDr] i`-815 6½ xMdjh Jhfuokl] jk;xM ftYg;krhy i;ZVuLFkGs] egktu ifCyf’kax gkÅl] iq.ks]2009 i`- 126 7½ dne izdk’k] lkIrkfgd vkiya iksykniwj] nhikoyh fo’ks”kkad] uksOgsacj 2012] 8½ dne izdk’k] mijksDr] i`- 40 9½ pkS/kjh fd- dk-] mijksDr] i`- 863 10½ ukansMdj Jhikn] jk;xMpk jRugkj] ftYgk ekfgrh dk;kZy; vfyckx] 2005]i` 41

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