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Transcript of Trabalho Animal Farm[1]
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ANIMAL FARM
BY GEORGE ORWELL
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Historical context
Animal Farm is an allegory of totalitarian regimes, and it is a book about arevolution that goes wrong (based on Russian Revolution of 1917 and Stalins
use of power).
In George Orwell own words: "Every line of serious work that I have written since1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism...Animal
Farm was the first book in which I tried, with full consciousness of what I was
doing, to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole.
Online: Internet. Available at
Accessed on 12/02/2005.
http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/fullsumm.htmlhttp://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/fullsumm.htmlhttp://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/animalfarm/ -
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A bit of History
Based on Karl Marx, Russian workers decided to rebel against the capitalistsand aristocrats who controlled most of the countrys wealth.
Poor workers wanted to establish the communism, in which property would be
a common good.
In 1917, Lenin, a member of the Communist Party took the power in Russia.
After Lenins death in 1924, Stalin and Trotsky fought for the control of the
Soviet Union. Staling banish Trotsky and consolidated his power through
brutality.
Source: Online: Internet. Available at
Accessed on 12/02/2005.
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Orwell intentions:
"Nothing has contributed so much to the corruption of the original idea of
Socialism as the belief that Russia is a Socialist country and that every act of
its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. And so for the past ten years I have
been convinced that the destruction of the socialist myth was essential if we
wanted a revival of the socialist movement.
Original text: Online: Internet. Available at
http://www.turnerlearning.com/tntlearning/animalfarm/afhistory.html Accessed on 12/02/2005.
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A brief Timeline
1848 - Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is completed. The pamphlet became the
defining document of a revolutionary new idea: the political and social system called
communism.
1904 - Russo-Japanese War begins. A conflict over competing territorial interest in theFar East, Russia loses badly, duplicating their poor performance in the Crimean War of
1853-1856. Russia's economy is crippled by the expensive war effort, and many citizens
are driven deeper in poverty.
1914 Tensions between the expanding and increasingly wealthy nations of Europe
exploded in World War I. Russia joined the battle on the side of the British, French, and
Italians; they fought the united Germans and Austrians.
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1917 The October Revolution. Bolshevik troops, at the command of Vladimir Leninadvance on the Provisional Government headquarters at the Winter Palace. Bloodlessly, thesoviets take the power, and this day marks the start of the communist era.
1918Civil war begins in Russia and World Word I ends.
1921Lenin announces the New Economic Policy.
1922USSR is established. It is a federation of Russian states united under the communistsystem.
1924 Lenin dies. In the struggle for power, Joseph Stalin deceives Leon Trotsky, andassumes full command of the USSR. He immediately begins the process of isolating Trotskywithin the party.
1930Adolph Hitler rises in Germany.
1939World War II in Europe begins.
1945World War II in Europe ends.
1953Stalin dies.
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Lenin (Koogan-Houaiss encyclopedia, 2004)
eStalin (Koogan-Houaiss encyclopedia, 2004
Adaptation from:Online: Internet. Available at:
Accessed on 12/02/2005.
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George Orwell
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About himself as a writer...
from a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I
grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and
twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the
consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or
later I should have to settle down and write books.
Orwell, George. Why I write(1947)
In: FRANK, Joseph. Modern Essays in English. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1966. p318-325.
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According to George Orwell there were four great motivesfor writing...
1. Sheer egoism.
Desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be
remembered after death, to get your own back on grow-ups who snubbed you in childhood, etc., etc.
2. Aesthetic enthusiasm.
Perception of beauty in the external world, or on the otherhand, in words and their right arrangement. Pleasure inthe impact of one sound on another, in the firmness ofgood prose or the rhythm of a good story.
3. Historical impulse.
Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts andstore them up for the use of posterity.
4. Political purpose.Desire to push the world in a certain direction, to alter
other peoples idea of the kind of society that shouldstrive after. (... ) no book is genuinely free frompolitical bias
Orwell, George. Why I write(1947)
In: FRANK, Joseph.Modern Essays in English. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966. p318-325.
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About their book...
(...) of late years I have tried to write lesspicturesquely and more exactly. In anycase I find that by the time you haveperfected any style of writing you havealways outgrown it. Animal Farm wasthe first book in which I tried, with full
consciousness of what I was doing, tofuse political purpose and artistic purposeinto one whole.
Orwell, George. Why I write (1947)
In: FRANK, Joseph.Modern Essays inEnglish. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1966. p318-325.
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KUBAL (1972) compares Orwell to Dedalus at chapter 4 of James Joyces A portrait of theartist as a young man when the protagonist decides to give up priesthood and embracesthe life of art. Why is Orwell like Dedalus Kubal says that a modern artist as Dedalus
seeks a form to give shape to his experience, to free him from old, invalid forms and toallow him to act... so, as Dedalus, Orwell had this experience: alienated from family,class, religion, and homeland he too sought a form which would satisfy him both as aman and an artist.
KUBAL, David L. Outside the whale:
George Orwells Art and Politics.Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press,
1972. (introduction, page xiii).
http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/portrait_cover_2.jpg
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Biographical data
1903George Orwell is born Eric Arthur Blair on June 25 th, in Motihari, India.Mr. Blair is a prosperous civil servant of the British Empire in India,depending on the Empire for their livelihood.
studyabroad.arizona.edu/ SASE/images/India-Sar...
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1904Ida Blair (Erics mother) moves back to England with Eric and his oldersister Marjorie to be bring up in more Christian context. During his childhoodhe already writes...
1917Eric Blair is admitted to Eton College, but does not continue studying afterEton.
1921Blair leaves Eton College
1922Blair returns to India and takes part in the Indian Imperial Police In Burma.At his job, Blair has contact with the poor and oppressed people and feels likethe hand of the oppressor.
1927unhappy Blair leaves the police and returns to England. He lives in theEast End district of London, where he finds people like those he has met inIndia as a policeman. From 1922 to 1927 writes the essays Shooting anElephant(1950), andA Hanging (1931).
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1928 - Blair goes to Paris to become a writer, but he needs to deny his will and works asdishwater.
1929He comes back to England, living as a tramp for awhile. After it, he becomes a
teacher at a private school. He starts writing again.
1933Down and Out in Paris and London (a novel), his first book is published under thepseudonym George Orwell. He is still a teacher, opens a bookshop and continueswriting
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1934Burmese Days, a fiction, is published.
1935A Clergymans Daughter
1936Keep the Aspidria Flying
1936Orwell marries Eillen Maud O Shaughnessy on June 9th.http://www.humanities.uci.edu/users/
vfolkenflik/VRF%20Sources/Orwell%
20Eileen%20Maud%
20O'Shaughnessy.jpg
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1936 The road to Wigan Pier(dealing with poverty conditions)
1936(December) He decides to enlist in the Socialist Military Party in Spain, during theSpanish Civil War. He is fighting for socialism in Spain.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain
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1937 - The Road to Wigan Pier
1938Orwell returns to England because of a wound in the neck during the war.
1938Homage to Catalonia (his experiences in Spain)
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1939 - Coming Up for Air
1941Orwell works for
the BBC as a broadcaster
for India and he isalready ill (tuberculosis).
1944He and his wife
dopts a child, Richard.
www.k-1.com/.../about/ pictures.html?expand=22
1945Orwell resigns his job for BBC
and works Animal Farm.
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1945His wife, Eileen, dies during an operation.
1945Animal Farm is published and Orwell becomes famous.
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194 - He decides to move to the island of Jura (coast of Scotland) and is very sick
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1949 Orwell writes
1984 and marries
Sonia Bromwell.
1949He comes
back to England.
1950on January 21st,
he dies from tuberculosis.
REFERENCES http://sfbook.com/pics/bcl_orwell_1984.jpg
FINNELL, Summer. George Orwell. Online. Internet: Available at . Accessed on11/27/2005.
JOHNSON, Richard A. George Orwell (1903-1950).Online. Internet: Available at .Accessed on 11/28/2005.
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The definition of this work considering
the literary periodsAnimal Farm is a satirical novel written during World War II and published in 1945
(according with data from the site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farm). Its
considered for many critics as a Modernist work, but we think that actually it has
more Postmodernist characteristics than Modernist ones. In fact, we have the
tendency of consider Modernist many works that show us contrasting ideas
(categories) as a binary view of the world. On the other hand, we have the
tendency of think that when these binary categories are dissolved it constitute
Postmodernist works. However, we need to have clear in our minds that both
Modernist and Postmodernist periods have similarities and they are extremely
complicated to be analysed and splited in two different periods because they are
marked by a tenuous changing that is in progress in the way of concept things in
the world. It means, we can say that dont exist a rupture between these periods
but just a gradual changing of perspectives.
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The Modernist period is characterized by the use of the rationalism, the logical means as
a way to know and to control an objective world in which coexits a sense of
individualism and unified identity. The Postmodernist, in its turn, works with the
problematization of these old conceptions and at the same time the term Postmodernist is
a problem itself. According to Richard Kostelanetz (in: McHALE, Brian. FromModernist to Postmodernist Fiction: Change of Dominant. Postmodernist Fiction.
London: Routledge, 1987. p.3) the term Postmodernist is something with relation to
something else because its built in a way that show us a kind of duplicity. Considering
the thoughts of Brian McHale the term Modernist pertain to the present and the term
Postmodernist pertain to the future. However, the term Postmodernist is used with the
same function of the term Modernist but as a kind of intensifier of it. It tries to mean the
values inprogress because in reality it doesnt exist (is impossible to show and to give
meaning to the future). Brian McHale says that what is considered as Postmodernist is
the productiveness that can be identified by some characteristics like: new insights, new
or richer connections, coherence of a different degree or kind, more discourse (in the
form of follow-up research), new interpretations, criticisms, refinements of the construct
itself, counter-proposals, refutations and polemic themes
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Considering those characteristics of the Postmodernist we can say that Animal Farm has
most of them and it can be considered as a Postmodernist work especially because it
shows a kind of rupture between an old concept (utopia) and a new one and Orwell
passed to criticize the old one. In other words, it can be explained by the fact that
Orwell criticize the past having the experience of the present and trying to predict the
future. According to Einar Borresen:The concept (of Postmodernity our explanation) is also inextricably linked to actual
political attempts at creating a new society based on equality and shared ownership.
Today this communist dream is, like other collective political ideologies, seen as
fallacious. In Animal Farm Orwell describes so well how human greed all too soon
turns the collective Utopia into a dystopia, a society of terror with brainwashing and
oppression. (in: Utopia or Feasting during a Plague from the site :
http://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.html )
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In this way, we can classify Animal Farm as a Postmodernist work because it shows a
changing in the perspectives and a new way of think. So, George Orwell can be also
seen as a Postmodernist thinker because according to George Englebretsen:
Postmodern thinkers claim to have broken the fetters of logic (inter alia) that have
characterized the modern notion of rational discourse. The result, it is claimed, is a new
freedom of communication. Rationally, in the sense of allegiance to universal logical
constraints, is no longer the only, or even major, "communicative virtue." Social,
psychological, political, historical considerations must all take precedence over logic.
Judging the rational success of a piece of discourse (or "text") is now a matter to be dealt
with by social scientists and literary critics rather than by logicians (the ones in whom
moderns and premoderns had invested the task of defining rationality). Freed from the
confines of logic, discourse can now become open, honest, sincere, politically sensitive,historically conditioned. (in: Postmodernism and New Age Unreason from the site:
http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.html )
http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.html -
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BIBLIOGRAPHY: BORRESEN, Einar. Utopia or Feasting during a Plague.
http://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.html
ENGLEBRETSEN, George. Postmodernism and New Age Unreason.http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.html
McHALE, Brian. From Modernist to Postmodernist Fiction: Change ofDominant.Postmodernist Fiction. London: Routledge, 1987. 3-11p.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farm
http://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farmhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/essays.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.htmlhttp://www.localmotives.com/2003/english/utopia.html -
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ALLEGORY1) Allegory is a figurative representation which carries non literal meaning. It can
be expressed both by language and other kinds of art (painting, sculpture, etc).
A fable or a parable is an allegory with one definite meaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory
2) A story, a play, a picture, etc. in which each character or event is a symbolrepresenting an idea or a quality, such as truth, evil, death, etc.
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory -
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3) ALLEGORY IN ANIMAL FARM
Animal Farm is called a satirical novel, fable or allegory which was wittenduring the World War II and criticizes totalitarian regimes, more specifically,Comunist totalitarism refering to the Russian Revolution (1917).
home.neo.rr.com/.../ beasthead.gif
4) THEMES
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4) THEMES
# The corruption of the socialist ideals in the Soviet Union
# The societal tendency toward class stratification
# The danger of a naive working class
# The abuse of language as an instrumental to the abuse of powerhttp://www.sparknotes.com/lit/animalfarm/facts.html
5) CHARACTERS
There is no central character in animal farm in a sense that all of them are important forwhat they mean, the historical figure they represent.
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6) THE PIGS
# Napoleon
# Snowball
# Squealer
# Minimus# Old Major
7) THE HUMANS
# Mr. Jones http://www.exclaim.ca/images/animal_farm.jpg
# Mr. Frederick
# Mr. Pilkington# Mr. Whymper
8) THE OTHER ANIMALS
# Boxer
# Clover# Mollie
# Benjamin
# Moses
# Muriel
# Jesse and Bluebell http://www.animationartgallery.com/images/OSC/OSCHB1.gif
# The Hens
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9) ANALYSIS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERS
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10) NAPOLEON
# dictator Joseph Stalin
# reference to political tyrants
# opportunist
# post-rebellion leader
# power through fear
# power corrupts
#Napoleon Bonaparte = Anti-Christ
www.haderslev-katedralskole.dk/ kf/napoleon.gif
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11) SNOWBALL
# Leon Trotsky
# intellectual
# loyal, brilliant, idealistic
# Animalismworldwide
# moral flaws
https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0411/5acd4333c9da
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/dayart/19991001/tv01.jpghttp://seattlepi.nwsource.com/dayart/19991001/tv01.jpg -
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12) BOXER
# hard-working cart-horse (as well as Clover)
# dedicated, loyalworking classes
# proletariat
# low intelligence
# exploited by the pigs
# pitiful death
# Boxer Rebellion in China
https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/04
http://www.toonhound.com/afarm1.jpghttp://www.toonhound.com/afarm1.jpg -
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13) SQUEALER
# to squeal = to make a long high sound; to speak in a very high voice , specially
when you are excited or nervous.# to squeal = to betray (www.sparknotes.com)
# persuasive speaker, manipulator
#propaganda machine of a totaliatrian government(www.gradesaver.com)
# power through language
# PravdaRussian newspaper# Goebbelsminister of propaganda in Germany
# loyality to his leader
http://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpg
http://www.sparknotes.com/http://www.gradesaver.com/http://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/animalfarm/bts/image/pop_squealer_img.jpghttp://www.gradesaver.com/http://www.gradesaver.com/http://www.gradesaver.com/http://www.gradesaver.com/http://www.gradesaver.com/http://www.sparknotes.com/http://www.sparknotes.com/http://www.sparknotes.com/http://www.sparknotes.com/http://www.sparknotes.com/ -
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14) OLD MAJOR
# Marxthe Communist Revolution and Leninrussian revolutionary leader
# the ideal of the revolution# honest proposals
# successful revolt
# deathdistant ideals
http://www.suite101.com/files/articles/26000%5C26605/OldMajor.jpg
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15) OTHER SYMBOLS
Farm buildingsKremlin (In the early days of the USSR there were sightseeingtours through the Kremlin. Later it became the residence of Stalin)
Windmillthe Russian Industry, that has been built by the working-class.FredericksHitler (arrangement and secret deals)
FoxwoodFoxwood farms represent England
PinchfieldGermany
Destruction of the Windmillthe failture of the Five Year Plan
16) REFERENCES
http://sparknotes.com
http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.html
http://gradesaver.com
http://sparknotes.com/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://gradesaver.com/http://gradesaver.com/http://gradesaver.com/http://gradesaver.com/http://gradesaver.com/http://gradesaver.com/http://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://www.k-l.com/Orwell/site/work/summaries/animf.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/http://sparknotes.com/http://sparknotes.com/http://sparknotes.com/http://sparknotes.com/http://sparknotes.com/ -
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GROUP
ALINE GRODT
CARLA DE AQUINO
CRISTIANE SANTOS GLUCIA HENGE
LISIANE MELO