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ACADEMIC STAFF COLLEGE
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD-500007
GROUP PROJECT PRESENTATION
HISTORICAL OVER VIEW OFSUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS
BY
1.DR LAXMI NARAYAN
2.DR T THIRUMAL RAO
3.MOHAMMED N KHAN
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SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS SHE)
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY
INTERPRETATION
PERIODIC TABLE
SH-ELEMENTS
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SHE HISTORICAL 9QUESTION BANK
SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS ARE NOT NEW?
70 YR HISTORY?
CAN PRODUCE ARTIFICIALLY?
HEAVIER THAN URANIUM?
26 SHE PICTURISED (BY1880-1930 BACKGROUND)
WHY URANIUM IS HEAVIEST? STABLE/UN STABLE?
SHE & TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS ARE SAME?ARE EXISTED IN STELLAR INTERIORS?
NEED PHYSICS,CHEMISTRY & ASTRONOMY?
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HEAVY ELEMENTS PLACEMENT
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AN EXAMPLE OF SHE WITH E/CONFIGURATION
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NUCLEAR JOINT RESEARCH AT DUBNA-RUSSIA
Scientists at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the
Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.
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January 2010, and the results have now been published in
the journal Physical Review Letters.The discovery of element 117 wasnt easy. The two-year
experimental campaign began at the High Flux Isotope
Reactor in Oak Ridge with a 250-day irradiation to produce 22
mg of berkelium. This was followed by 90 days of processing
at Oak Ridge to separate and purify the berkelium, target
preparation at the Research Institute for Advanced Reactors in
Dimitrovgrad, 150 days of bombardment at one of the worlds
most powerful heavy ion accelerators at Dubna, data analysisat Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Dubna, and
assessment and review of the results by the team. The entire
process was driven by the 320-day half-life of the berkelium
target material.
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RESEARCH TEAM HARD WORK
The experiment produced six atoms of element117. For each atom, the team observed the
alpha decay from element 117 to 115 to 113
and so on until the nucleus fissioned, splittinginto two lighter elements. In total, 11 new
neutron-rich isotopes were produced,
bringing researchers closer to the presumedisland of stability of superheavy elements.
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ISLAND OF STABILITY-CHECK OUT
"Island of stability" is a term in nuclear physics that
refers to the possible existence of a region beyond
the current periodic table where new superheavy
elements with special numbers of neutrons andprotons would exhibit increased stability. Such an
island would extend the periodic table to even heavier
elements and support longer isotopic lifetimes to
enable chemistry experiments.
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SHE-MANUFACTURE
1.SHE CAN MANUFACTURE BY MEANS OF HEAVY
ION COLLISSION(MODERN RESEARCH FIELD.
e.g., SHEs.
2. IN THE 1940-1941,PREPARED BY TRADITION OFALCHEMY. e.g.,Neptunium(Z=93),Plutonium(Z=94).
3.IN BERKLEY NATIONAL LABORATORY, (NOW THE
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY,
PRODUCE ACTINIDES(Z=103)-LEWRENCIUM.
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PREHISTORIC
THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM &
ELEMENTS HEAVIOR THAN THE URANIUM MAY BE
DIVIDED IN THREE CLASSES:
(i) there were chemically claim (before nuclear atom).
(ii) Bohr-Sommerfeld theory of At. Structure.
(iii) Presence of SHE in the Star and the Nebulae.
(interdisciplinary research attention is required.)
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THANKS TO ASC & OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
BY
PHYSICS TRIADS