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ACADEMIC STAFF COLLEGE

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

HYDERABAD-500007

GROUP PROJECT PRESENTATION

HISTORICAL OVER VIEW OFSUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS

BY

1.DR LAXMI NARAYAN

2.DR T THIRUMAL RAO

3.MOHAMMED N KHAN

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SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS SHE)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY

INTERPRETATION

PERIODIC TABLE

SH-ELEMENTS

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SHE HISTORICAL 9QUESTION BANK

SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS ARE NOT NEW?

70 YR HISTORY?

CAN PRODUCE ARTIFICIALLY?

HEAVIER THAN URANIUM?

26 SHE PICTURISED (BY1880-1930 BACKGROUND)

WHY URANIUM IS HEAVIEST? STABLE/UN STABLE?

SHE & TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS ARE SAME?ARE EXISTED IN STELLAR INTERIORS?

NEED PHYSICS,CHEMISTRY & ASTRONOMY?

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HEAVY ELEMENTS PLACEMENT

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AN EXAMPLE OF SHE WITH E/CONFIGURATION

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NUCLEAR JOINT RESEARCH AT DUBNA-RUSSIA

Scientists at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the

Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.

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January 2010, and the results have now been published in

the journal Physical Review Letters.The discovery of element 117 wasnt easy. The two-year

experimental campaign began at the High Flux Isotope

Reactor in Oak Ridge with a 250-day irradiation to produce 22

mg of berkelium. This was followed by 90 days of processing

at Oak Ridge to separate and purify the berkelium, target

preparation at the Research Institute for Advanced Reactors in

Dimitrovgrad, 150 days of bombardment at one of the worlds

most powerful heavy ion accelerators at Dubna, data analysisat Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Dubna, and

assessment and review of the results by the team. The entire

process was driven by the 320-day half-life of the berkelium

target material.

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RESEARCH TEAM HARD WORK

The experiment produced six atoms of element117. For each atom, the team observed the

alpha decay from element 117 to 115 to 113

and so on until the nucleus fissioned, splittinginto two lighter elements. In total, 11 new

neutron-rich isotopes were produced,

bringing researchers closer to the presumedisland of stability of superheavy elements.

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ISLAND OF STABILITY-CHECK OUT

"Island of stability" is a term in nuclear physics that

refers to the possible existence of a region beyond

the current periodic table where new superheavy

elements with special numbers of neutrons andprotons would exhibit increased stability. Such an

island would extend the periodic table to even heavier

elements and support longer isotopic lifetimes to

enable chemistry experiments.

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SHE-MANUFACTURE

1.SHE CAN MANUFACTURE BY MEANS OF HEAVY

ION COLLISSION(MODERN RESEARCH FIELD.

e.g., SHEs.

2. IN THE 1940-1941,PREPARED BY TRADITION OFALCHEMY. e.g.,Neptunium(Z=93),Plutonium(Z=94).

3.IN BERKLEY NATIONAL LABORATORY, (NOW THE

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY,

PRODUCE ACTINIDES(Z=103)-LEWRENCIUM.

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PREHISTORIC

THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM &

ELEMENTS HEAVIOR THAN THE URANIUM MAY BE

DIVIDED IN THREE CLASSES:

(i) there were chemically claim (before nuclear atom).

(ii) Bohr-Sommerfeld theory of At. Structure.

(iii) Presence of SHE in the Star and the Nebulae.

(interdisciplinary research attention is required.)

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THANKS TO ASC & OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

BY

PHYSICS TRIADS