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Conciliation for Equality
in the XXI Century
Men and Women
in Portugal
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Total population in Portugal: 10677 thousand people;
The population age pyramid is being inverted;
The population is expected to decrease to 10360 thousands in 2060;
The female population outnumbers male population;
The number of young people is helved for both males and females;
Contrarily, the number of older persons increases four times.
Men and Women in Portugal
Population
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The pace of demographic ageing is faster among men:
The share of older persons (aged 65 or over) in total population is
growing (15.2% for men and 19.9% for women);
In 2060, these levels will reach 29.5% among men and 35% among
women.
Men and Women in Portugal
Population
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The Portuguese Constitution of 1976 determined that treatment within the
family is the same for the husband and the wife;
In Portugal, the minimum age for marriage is 16 years;
The average size of households has decreased;
Women married later and later;
Women delay the mean age at first childbearing;
from 1982 women delayed their first motherhood 4.9 years
Women represent almost the total lone-parent private households (86%).
Men and Women in Portugal
Family
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The early school levers rate is higher among men;
Women reinforced their participation in higher education level:
They are in majority in the university context(32% women between 25
and 29 years old completed higher education, while only 22% of
men did it);
In the age group 50-64, only 9% of women obtained a higher
education diploma (13% for men);
Men and Women in Portugal
Education and Training
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Higher educational attainment by women:
In 100 people with higher education, 60 are women and 40 are men;
Among other countries from Europe, Portugal is one of the countries where
more women opt for the area of mathmatics, science and engeneering
(22.3%). But is much lower than from men (48.6%).
Very high feminization in the area of education (90%) and social protection
(80%)
Men and Women in Portugal
Education and Training
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Law 7/2009 (art. 24) guarantees the right to equal opportunities and equal
treatment in access to employment, training, promotion of careerprofessionals and working conditions;
Very serious offenses:
Exclusion or restriction of access to employment by gender and
discriminatory practice based on sex;
Men and Women in Portugal
Activity, Employment and Unemployment
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In Portugal, the rate of female employment among the working age
population is 69%;
Portuguese women tend to have few interruptions in their career;
Women work more in part time than men;
But only 17% women work in part time (below the European average);
Predominance of nuclear families of dual profession - the wages of men and
women are indispensable;
Men and Women in Portugal
Activity, Employment and Unemployment
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The unemployment gap is stronger among young women;
At-risk-of-poverty rate higher among women;
Women are the most beneficiaries of Recipients of Social integration;
National minimum wage: 475
In some areas men still earn more than women.
Men and Women in Portugal
Activity, Employment and Unemployment
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Women:
Provide the large majority of childcare and elderly;
Are responsible for conducting the majority of household chores;
Do more career interruptions and restructure work in favor of familydemands;
Excessive responsibilities on women!
Men and Women in Portugal
Conciliation, Employment and Family Responsibilities
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Women are penalized in terms of job placement and career progression,delaying childbearing to later and later;
Nevertheless, the percentage of child care provided by men almost doubled
comparing with 10 years ago;
Men and women face problems of reconciling work and family life: the stigmaof being bad mothers if they prioritize the profession and bad professionals if
they give priority to family life.
Men and Women in Portugal
Conciliation, Employment and Family Responsibilities
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Law 7/2009 places particular emphasis on personal and professionalconciliation;
Men profit more and more from the paternity leave;
In Portugal were recently created the following measures:
- Extending the network of social facilities: kindergartens and nursery
homes;
- Its mandatory that kindergarten and primary education are open until
5pm;
Men and Women in Portugal
Conciliation, Employment and Family Responsibilities
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- Parental leave is paid time off work:
- Mother: 120 or 150 days (optional);
- Strengthen the rights of the working father: 10 days after birth and
more 10 days (optional);
-Adoption leave;
- Father has 3 days leave to go with mother to antenatal consultations;
- Time off from work to care for grandson;
Men and Women in Portugal
Conciliation, Employment and Family Responsibilities
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- Holiday period is marked by agreement between employer andemployee (22 days + 3 days);
- The employee is entitled to be absent from work 15 days per year to
provide health care to the family;
- The employer decides the employee's work schedule, but must takeinto account criteria for family and work conciliation.
Men and Women in Portugal
Conciliation, Employment and Family Responsibilities
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More Portuguese women are sitting in European Parliament deputies
Men and Women in Portugal
Decision Making
12,50%
36,40%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00%
1989
2009
2009
1989
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Women sitting in National Parliament tripled
Men and Women in Portugal
Decision Making
8,70%
27,40%
0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00%
1991
2009
2009
1991
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Women doubled in Central Government
Men and Women in Portugal
Decision Making
9,
1 ,5
0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00%
1991
2009
2009
1991
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Lack of women in economic and political decision-making positions.
In banking, business, politics and public administrations men continue to
outnumber women in senior positions, despite the increased number of
women among university graduates and in the labour market.
Men and Women in Portugal
Decision Making
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(Continuation)
Alberto Malta
Madalena Malta
Isa Lopes
Rosrio Pereira
madalenamalta@castiis.pt
cat@castiis.pt