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Summary

THE ARMY OF THE ARSACID KINGDOM OF GREATARMENIA ACCORDING TO ZORANAMAK (MILITARY LIST)

Dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of the creation of the Republic ofArmenias Armed Forces

Babken H. Harutyunyan

We have received a very interesting document, conditionally named by researchersZoranamak (Military list), since it has preserved detailed information about armedforces of the principalities (in Armenian - nakhararutyun) of the kingdom of Great Ar-menia.

The Armenian Army was comprised of 120 thousand soldiers and this number mostprobably represented the 120 strategies (or generalships) in the kingdom of Great Arme-nia, as stated by roman author Plinius Secundus. In other words, each strategy whichcorresponded to an Armenian gavar or province has brought to battlefield an average of1000 soldiers.

The Armenian royal forces was divided into four flanks and formed a group offorty thousand combatants who then formed four military units, which operated underthe command of Bdeshkhs or royal frontier-keeper leaders. From these, the Bdeshkhs ofAghdznik and Gugark had their own proprietorships from quite ancient times. TheBdeshkhs of New Shirakani ( ) joined them after the year 298, and theforth whose name has not been preserved, owned no proprietorships.

To the number of royal armed forces belonged the Royal guard regiment or Mal-khazyan guard regiment, which was comprised of 10000 combatants, out of which 6000were always deployed for the king during wars or other circumstances. 4000 soldiers ofthis regiment were permanently stationed in the kingdoms capital to ensure the safetyof Royal Court.

The Mardpetakan regiment who protected the countrys domestic rule and orderwas also considered to be royal armed forces, comprised 15000 combatants. The regi-ments commander was also responsible for protecting the queen, the Womens quarters

and the safety of most royal treasures. The rest of the treasures were protected by princeof Angeltoun.Thereby, the royal armed forces were made up of 65000 combatants who made it

possible for the king to restrain possible princely actions or rebellions.The number of combatants in the princely detachments was actually 55 thousand,

however it is hard to determine the distribution of those forces into four flanks becausethe Zoranamak example we have is a literary document subjected to a series distor-tions. It is simply impossible to completely restore it in its original form.

The information regarding the 19400 cavalry or soldiers of the principality ofSyunik bears on it the influence of a period when there was a Marzpanate (administra-

tive unit in Sassanid Persia) in Eastern Armenia being under the rule-ship of Sassanid

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Persia and Marzpan or leader of the Marzpanate was the prince of Syunik - VasakSyuni. The armed forces of the Syunik principality included the power of 15 thousandsoldiers of Armenian Marzpanate, which coincide with the Mardpetakan regiment num-

bers.Among the 13200 soldiers that made up the forces of the Kadmeatsik principality

10000 in reality were the soldiers of the Royal guards regiment also secretly preservedas well as the 3200 combatants from Bdeshkh principality of Nor Shirakani.The Amatouni principalitys name in Zoranamak is preserved by the vague writ-

ting of Amaskoni who allegedly brought 200 soldiers to the battlefield. An examinationshows that the military power of the Amatounis was in reality comprised of 800 to 900soldiers, of which nearly 400 secretly remained in Vahounis units or 500 in Bagratou-nis units. The princely forces were led by four sparapets or flank commanders. 4,000soldiers from the royal armed forces occupied the Iberian (Virk) and the so called Alba-nian kingdoms.

The commander of the Armenian armed forces was formally the king of Great Ar-

menia. However, during war the entire army fought under the command of the sparapetof kingdom or general military leader.

Based on military needs, sometimes a group of soldiers was collected to serve ascombatants (lands forces) comprising as a rule from infantrymen.