Nacionalni Interes br 2 - 2011

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JOURNAL FOR NATIONAL AND STATE ISSUES

ISSN 1820-4996 UDK 323.1(=163.40) VII vol.11. 2/2011.

NATIONAL INTEREST


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ISSN 1452-2152

NATIONAL INTEREST

VII, vol. 11

2/2011.


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............................................................. 101-122

KOSOVO ET METOCHIE- UNE INTRODUCTION A LA TRAGEDIEDES TERRES A HAUT RISQUE ........................... 123-149

..................................... 151-170

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A ........................................................ 171-222


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.......... 261-315

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................................................. 319-335

.............................. 339-344

......................................................... 345-348

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CONTENTS

EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN POLITICSAT THE CROSSROADS

Dejana M. Vukcevic

EUROPANISATION DES POLITIQUESTRANGRES NATIONALES CADRECONCEPTUEL ............................................................ 9-28

Zoran Milosevic

TOTALITARIAN MOVEMENTSAND IDEAS IN EAST EUROPE ................................ 29-57

Aleksandar Sasa Gajic

U. S. AND DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA THE TWENTY-YEAR PERSPECTIVE .................. 59-83

TRADITION AND TEMPTATIONOF CONTEMPORARY SERBIA

Bojan Jovanovic

VALUATION OF NATIONAL TRADITION ............. 87-99Branko Nadoveza

TITO AND SERBS ...................................................... 101-122Zoran Petrovic Pirocanac

KOSOVO ET METOCHIE -UNE INTRODUCTION A LA TRAGEDIE DES

TERRES A HAUT RISQUE .................................... 123-149Srdjan Slovic

HISTORICAL GENESIS AND NATUREOF THE MODERN ETHNIC CONFLICTSIN KOSOVO AND METOHIA ................................... 151-170

Predrag D. Radojevic

ANALYSIS OF BASIC DIMENSIONOF SERBIAN IMAGE ................................................. 171-222


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ARTICLES AND STUDIES

Djordje StojanovicIMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ANDTHE POLITICIZATION OF PUBLICADMINISTRATION AT POLITICAL CAPACITY ... 225-241

Neven V. Cveticanin

SIXTY-EIGHTH, THE NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTSAND STRIKING OFF THE BISECTION OFLEFT AND RIGHT IN POST-MODERN AGE .......... 243-260

Slobodan Jankovic

CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EASTAND NORTH AFRICA TOWARDSA POST-SOVEREIGN WORLD ORDER ................... 261-315

REVIEWS AND DEBATE

Jovan B. Dusanic

ATTEMPTED REANIMATION

OF NEOLIBERALISM ................................................ 319-335

REVIEWALS

Ljubisa Mitrovic

DEMOCRACY ON THE WANE ................................ 339-344Sladjana Mladenovic

IN OTHER PEOPLES CENTURY ............................. 345-348

Dubravka StajicSERBIAN SOCIALISTDR ZIVKO TOPALOVIC (1886-1972) ........................ 349-353


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.. 59-83


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1 Othon Anastasakis, The Europeanization of the Balkans, The Brown Journal ofWorld Affairs, vol. XII, n 1, 2005, p. 78.


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2 Simon Hix, Klaus H. Goetz, Introduction: European Integration and National Po-litical Systems, West European Politics, vol. 23, n 4, 2000, p. 1.


17/363

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12

. (Thomas Risse), (Maria Green Cowles), (James Caporaso) - -

.3 , - . , , , . , - - . , (Ernst Haas) -

(...) , .4 - , - , , - . , , -

, () .

(n Ol-sen),

- . - , - , (

), ( - ), -, - .5

3 Thomas Risse, James Caporaso, Maria Green Cowles, Europeanization and Do-mestic Change. Introduction, in Maria Green Cowles, James Caporaso, Thomas

Risse (eds.), Transforming Europe: Europeanization andDomestic Change, Cor-nell University Press, Ithaca NY, 2001, p. 3.

4 Ernst B. Haas, International Integration: The European and the Universal Pro-cess,International Organization, vol. 15, n 3, 1961, pp. 366-367.

5 Jan Olsen, The Many Faces of Europeanization,Journal of Common Market Stu-dies, vol. 40, n 5, 2002, pp. 923-924.


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. -

. , . , - , . (Robert Ladrech)

- .6 -, . (Claudio Rada-elli) , , , ,

, , , , , - .7 - ,, , - . , -

, ,

, -.8 . , -, ,

6 Robert Ladrech, Europeanization of Domestic Politics and Institutions: The Caseof France,Journal ofCommon Market Studies, vol. 32, n 1, 1994, p. 69.

7 Claudio Radaelli, Whither Europeanization? Concept stretching and substantivechange,European Integration online Papers, vol. 4, n 8, 2000, http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2000-008a.htm ( 28. 05. 2011), p. 4.

8 Ibid.


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14

. (Claudia Ma-

jor), ,

- , -.9, -, , -

. , , - , , , . -, , .,

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.10 , , -

, - , -, .

9 Claudia Major, Europeanisation and Foreign and Security Policy Underminingor Rescuing the Nation State?,Politics, vol. 25, n 3, 2005, p. 178.

10 Claudio Radaelli, Whither Europeanization ? Concept stretching and substanti-ve change, op. cit.,p. 6. Robert Ladrech, Europeanizationand Political Parties : Towards a Framework for Analysis,Party Politics, vol. 8, n4, 2002, p. 395. ,

, - (Helen Wallace), , - Helen Wallace, Europeanisation and Globalisation : Complementary or Contra-dictory Trends?,New Political Economy, vol. 5, n 3, 2000, p. 370.


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(Christoph Knill) (Dirk Lehmkuhl) , - ,

.11 : , , - . - . -, . , - . . , - , - . , , . - . - .12

, (Jim Buller)

(Andrew Gamble), ,

.13

,

-

11 Christoph Knill, Dirk Lehmkuhl, The national impact of European Union regula-tory po licy : Three Europeanization mechanisms, European Journal of Political

Research, vol. 41, n 2, 2002, p. 256.12 Christoph Knill, Dirk Lehmkuhl, How Europe Matters. Different Mechanisms of

Europeanization,European Integration online Papers, vol. 3, n 7, 1999, http://www.eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1998-007a.htm, ( 29. 05. 2011), pp. 1-2.

13 Jim Buller, Andrew Gamble, Conceptualising Europeanisation, Public Policyand Administration, vol. 17, n 4, 2002, p. 17.


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14 Ibid.,pp. 17-18.15 -

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-

(goodness of t). (mist), . , - , -, ., , - , -

. , -. , , , , , -.16, , - ,

. -

-. , -, .17 ,

(David Allen), -

, -. -, . , , .18

16 Simon J. Bulmer, Claudio Radaelli, The Europeanization of National Policy?,Queens Papers onEuropeanisation, n 1, 2004, p. 9.

17 Jozef Btora, Does the European Union transform the institution of diplomacy?,Journal of EuropeanPublic Policy, vol. 12, n 1, 2005, p. 46.

18 David Allen, Who speaks for Europe? The search for an effective and coherent ex-ternal policy, in John Peterson, Helene Sjursen (eds.),A Common Foreign Policy


23/363

. ...

18

, , , - , - . ,

, - - .

/ , - -

. : ?

- , -, - . (Ben Tonra)

, , - , (Ian Manners)

(RichardWhitman) - -, /.19

- , . - .20, - , - (downloading). , ,

for Europe? Competing Visions of the CFSP, Routledge, London, 1998, p. 46.19 Ian Manners, Richard Whitman, Conclusion, in Ian Manners, Richard G. Whit-

man (eds.), The ForeignPolicies of European Union Member States, ManchesterUniversity Press, Manchester, 2000, p. 245.

20 Stephan Keukeleire, Jennifer MacNaughtan, The Foreign Policy of the EuropeanUnion, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008, p. 142; Ruben Wong, Foreign Policy,in Paolo Graziano, Maarten Vink (eds.),Europeanization. NewResearch Agendas,Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008, p. 325; Claudia Major, Karolina Pomorska,Europeanisation : Framework or Fashion?, CFSP Forum, vol. 5, n 5, 2005, p. 1;Charalambos Tsardanidis, Stelios Stavridis, The Europeanisation of Greek Fore-ign Policy : a Critical Appraisal,European Integration, vol. 27, n 2, 2005, p. 220.


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(uploading). . .

(downloading) -

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( ), - (-).22

, - - . . ,

21 Stephan Keukeleire, Jennifer MacNaughtan, The Foreign Policy of the EuropeanUnion, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008, p. 142.

22 Michael E. Smith, Conforming to Europe : the domestic impact of EU foreignpolicy co-operation, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 7, n 4, 2000, pp.615-617.


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, . , - , , -- . , - -

. , - , , . (Ruben Wong)

- : , - , domaines

rservs - (-).24

23 Stephan Keukeleire, Jennifer MacNaughtan, The Foreign Policy of the EuropeanUnion, op. cit.,p. 144.

24 Ruben Wong, Foreign Policy, in Paolo Graziano, Maarten Vink (eds.),Europea-


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, ,

- , . - , . - , , - (goodness of t) -

. , , , -, . , - . - ,

. - , , -.25 , . .26 , -

(logic

of consequences) (logic of appropri-ateness). , , -, , . , - , ,

nization. NewResearch Agendas, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008, p. 326.25 Simon J. Bulmer, Claudio Radaelli, The Europeanization of National Policy?, op.

cit.,p. 12.26 Jeffrey Checkel, International Institutions and Socialization in Europe : Introduc-

tion and Framework,International Organization, vol. 59, n 4, 2005, p. 804.


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27 Ibid.


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, - .28

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28 Tanja Brzel, Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Euro-peanization in Germany and Spain,Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 37,n 4, 1999, p. 577.


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. -. - . , , . -

( ) , -. , .

Dejana M. Vukcevic

EUROPANISATION DES POLITIQUESTRANGRES NATIONALES

CADRE CONCEPTUEL

Sommaire

Lobjectif de cet article est de dmontrer lutilit du conceptdeuropanisation par le biais de lanalyse de relation entre les

politiques trangres nationales et la politique trangre de lUE.Leuropanisation est elle une solution ou un problme ? Laute-ur considre que leuropanisation est un processus interactif etmutuellement constitu de changement, qui relie le niveau euro-

pen et national, o les ractions des Etats membres lintgra-tion europenne se dirigent vers les institutions et politiques

europennes et vice versa. Larticle sera divis en deux parties.Dans la premire, lauteur envisagera la notion de leuropanisa-tion. Dans la deuxime partie, lauteur tend clarier la validitdu concept deuropanisation en analysant le domaine de la po-litique trangre. Lobjectif est de vrier lutilit de ce concept


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travers lanalyse de la relation entre la politique trangre et descurit commune de lUE et les politiques trangres nationales.Lauteur rpondra la question si leuropanisation est une ap-

proche adquate qui nous permet la comprhension de la relationentre la politique trangre de lUE et les politiques trangresnationales, c.a.d. si elle offre une perspective analytique qui faci-lite lexploration de la connexion de ces deux niveaux danalyse.

Mots-clefs: europanisation, intgration europenne, acteurs po-litiques, identit nationale, capacit politique, ca-pacit administrative.

Allen, David, Who speaks for Europe? The search for aneffective and coherent external policy, in John Peter-son, Helene Sjursen (eds.), A Common Foreign Policy

for Europe? Competing Visions of the CFSP, Routledge,London, 1998.

Anastasakis, Othon, The Europeanization of the Balkans,

The Brown Journal of World Affairs, vol. XII, n 1, 2005.Btora, Jozef, Does the European Union transform the in-

stitution of diplomacy?, Journal of EuropeanPublicPolicy, vol. 12, n 1, 2005.

Brzel, Tanja, Towards Convergence in Europe? Institu-tional Adaptation to Europeanization in Germany andSpain,Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 37, n4, 1999.

Buller, Jim, Gamble, Andrew, Conceptualising Europea-nisation,Public Policy and Administration, vol. 17, n4, 2002.

Bulmer, Simon J., Radaelli, Claudio, The Europeanizationof National Policy?, Queens Papers onEuropeanisa-tion, n 1, 2004.

Checkel, Jeffrey, International Institutions and Socializa-tion in Europe: Introduction and Framework,Internati-

onal Organization, vol. 59, n 4, 2005.Graziano, Paolo, Europeanization or Globalisation?: A

Framework for Empirical Research (with Some Eviden-ce from the Italian Case), Global Social Policy, vol. 3, n2, 2003.


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Haas, Ernst B., International Integration: The Europeanand the Universal Process,International Organization,vol. 15, n 3, 1961.

Hix, Simon, Goetz, Klaus H., Introduction: European Inte-gration and National Political Systems, West European

Politics, vol. 23, n 4, 2000.Keukeleire, Stephan, MacNaughtan, Jennifer, The Fore-

ign Policy of the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan,London, 2008.

Knill, Christoph, Lehmkuhl, Dirk, How Europe Matters.Different Mechanisms of Europeanization, European

Integration online Papers, vol. 3, n 7, 1999, http://www.eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1998-007a.htm.

Knill, Christoph, Lehmkuhl, Dirk, The national impact ofEuropean Union regulatory policy: Three Europeaniza-tion mechanisms,European Journal of Political Rese-arch, vol. 41, n 2, 2002.

Ladrech, Robert, Europeanization and Political Parties :Towards a Framework for Analysis,Party Politics, vol.

8, n 4, 2002.Ladrech, Robert, Europeanization of Domestic Politics

and Institutions: The Case of France,Journal ofCom-mon Market Studies, vol. 32, n 1, 1994.

Major, Claudia, Europeanisation and Foreign and SecurityPolicy Undermining or Rescuing the Nation State?,

Politics, vol. 25, n 3, 2005.Major, Claudia, Pomorska, Karolina, Europeanisation:

Framework or Fashion ?, CFSP Forum, vol. 5, n 5,2005.Manners, Ian, Whitman, Richard, Conclusion, in Ian

Manners, Richard G. Whitman (eds.), The ForeignPo-licies of European Union Member States, ManchesterUniversity Press, Manchester, 2000.

Olsen, Jan, The Many Faces of Europeanization,Journalof Common Market Studies, vol. 40, n 5, 2002.

Radaelli, Claudio, Whither Europeanization ? Conceptstretching and substantive change, European Integra-tion online Papers, vol. 4, n 8, 2000.

Risse, Thomas, Caporaso, James, Cowles, Maria Green,Europeanization and Domestic Change. Introduction,


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in Maria Green Cowles, James Caporaso, Thomas Ris-se (eds.), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and

Domestic Change, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY,2001.

Smith, Michael E., Conforming to Europe: the domesticimpact of EU foreign policy co-operation, Journal of

European Public Policy, vol. 7, n 4, 2000., , ,

, . 25, . 3, 2009., , , ,

: ,, . 25, .3. 2010.

, , , , . 28, . 2,2011.

Tsardanidis, Charalambos, Stavridis, Stelios, The Europe-anisation of Greek Foreign Policy: a Critical Appraisal,

European Integration, vol. 27, n 2, 2005.Vukcevic, Dejana,Lmergence dune Europe de la dfen-

se : difcults et perspectives, Editions universitaireseuropennes, 2010.

Wallace, Helen, Europeanisation and Globalisation: Com-plementary or Contradictory Trends?, New PoliticalEconomy, vol. 5, n 3, 2000.

Wong, Ruben, Foreign Policy, in Paolo Graziano, Maar-ten Vink (eds.), Europeanization. NewResearch Agen-das, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008.

Rsum

Parler deuropanisation est la mode. Mais quest-ce quesignie cette notion? Le concept deuropanisation est un conceptassez nouveau, qui devient objet dtude privilgi de la science

politique. Il se situe entre les institutions de lEat-nation et uneorganisation supranationale qui est lUnion europenne. Quelle

est la valeur ajoute de leuropanisation par rapport aux termessimilaires tels que lintgration, harmonisation ou convergence?Leuropanisation est un double processus : dune part, cest unprocessus par lequel les forces politiques, sociales et conomiqu-es nationales forment un cadre politique et institutionnel supra-


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national, et dautre part, il sagit dun processus par lequel lUEinuence les systmes politiques nationales. Leuropanisationtend saisir la relation dialectique entre les acteurs et systmes,

les Etats na tionaux et lUE, la tentative vers laction collectiveet la prservation des politiques nationales. Dans le domaine dela politique trangre, leuropanisation comprend ladaptationdes politiques trangres nationales linuence de lUE. Celainclut le changement dans les structures et dans le processus de

prise de dcision politiques, dans lidentit qui est au cur de lapolitique nationale. De mme, leuropanisation de la politiquetrangre nationale comprend la projection nationale, c.a.d. la

possibilit pour les Etats de projeter leurs objectifs, priorits etapproches au niveau de lUE. La politique trangre et de scu-rit commune de lUE est un espace complexe danalyse pourleuropanisation, car mme si la PESC nest pas et na jamais tune simple arne intergouvernementale, elle devient un proces-

sus dintgration alternatif lEurope communautaire, un pro-cessus sui generis qui simpose de plus en plus comme tel. Ainsi,ce domaine ne peut pas tre analys seulement du point de vue de

leuropanisation verticale, mais aus si partir de leuropanisa-tion horizontale. Leuropanisation semble une approche adqu-ate qui nous permet la comprhension de la relation entre la po-litique trangre de lUE et les politiques trangres nationales.

Elle offre une perspective analytique qui facilite lexploration dela connexion de ces deux niveaux danalyse.

1. 2011. 19. 2011. .


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1 Maja anovi, Koliko je faizam kotao svet,09 maj 2011., http://www.akter.co.rs/drutvo/3631-koliko-je-faizam-kotao-svet.html


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24 - . 9. ( ) -

21 , ! , http://www.km.ru/ukraina/2011/06/16/vnutripoliticheskaya-situatsiya-na-ukraine/moskalei-na-nozhi-trebuyut-banderovski

22 , , , 28.06.2011, http://hvylya.org/analytics/politics/11454-ukraina-kak-poligon-fashizatsii.html

23 , 70 , http://worldwithoutnazism.wordpress.com/2011/06/21/pressconf200611/

24 , . .


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, http://www.km.ru/ukraina/2011/05/25/polozhenie-russkoyazychnogo-naseleniya-ukrainy/net-smysla-zakryvat-glaza-natsizm-

27 : , , , , 2008.

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history/11363-vklad-ukrainskih-kollaboratsionistov-v-podgotovku-germanii-k-velikoj-otechestvennoj-vojne.html

30 : . , . - 19391942 . ., 19681971. . 2. . 81.

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. , ( - ) (), -

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: - . .

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.36

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com/2011/06/27/bekma/#more-92739 , -

, . : , ,, .172, 1. 2011, . 52-55.


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Zoran Milosevic

TOTALITARIAN MOVEMENTSAND IDEAS IN EAST EUROPE

Summary

Reincarnation of fascism has been happening in certainparts of Europe due to the needs of big Western capital for newraw materials and cheap labor force by taking over Eastern

European territory. In this sense the USA and the EuropeanUnion has been supporting the revival of fascist traditions, thatis, the hatred towards Russians among their neighbors as well asamong their (in territorial sense) closer nations such as Baltic sta-tes, Ukraine, RomaniaThe revival of fascist traditions, amongother things, has been imposed by a politics of conditioning theirjoining to the European Union for purpose of European per-

spective of these states.

Key Words: fascism, politics, Serbia, European Union, USA, Rus-sia, contemporarity, eastern politics, political insti-tutions

, : , - -, http://worldwithoutnazism.wordpress.com/2011/0-6/27/bekma/#more-927

, : - , http://hvylya.org/analytics/history/11363-vklad-ukrainskih-kollaboratsionistov-v-

podgotovku-germanii-k-velikoj-otechestvennoj-vojne.html, .: .

19391942 . ., 19681971.


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, : ! -!, http://www.duel.ru/200122/?22_7_6 ,23/12/2010.

, : ! !,, . 173, , 8. 2011.

Kako razlikovati novi faizam od njegove klasinerazvijene verzije, http://forum.srpskinacionalisti.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=3258#p30079

, : - , 16. 2011, http://worldwithoutnazism.wordpress.com

/2011/05/16, : ,-

, . 170, , 17. 2011. , : ... -

, http://www.km.ru/ukraina/2011/05/25/polozhenie-russkoyazychnogo-naseleniya-ukrainy/net-smysla-zakryvat-glaza-natsizm-

, : ,, . 147,

, 2011., : ,, . 173,

, 8. 2011., : ?,,

.171, , 24. 2011., : .

, : , -

, 2006., : , -

() , , . 2, ,2011.

, : , , ,2008.

, : - ?, - , , 4, , 2008.

, : ?, , . 1, , 2011.


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, : ,-, . 172, 1. 2011.

, . 3, , , , 2002.

, : 70 - , http://worldwithoutnazism.wordpress.com/2011/06/21/pressconf200611/

, : , ,28.06.2011, http://hvylya.org/analytics/politics/11454-ukraina-kak-poligon-fashizatsii.html

- : , 9, , , http://worldwithoutnazism.wordpress.com/2011/05/16

, : : - , 23.06.2011, http://hvylya.

org/analytics/politics/11356-mifotvorchestvo-kak-iz-ukraintsev-delajut-stado-baranov.html , : ! -

, http://www.km.ru/ukraina/2011/06/16/vnutripoliticheskaya-situatsiya-na-ukraine/moskalei-na-nozhi-trebuyut-banderovski

, : ,http://hvylya.org/analytics/history/11351-ukraina-v-zerkale-

plana-ost.html, : - , , . 1,, 2011.

: , http://blog.alexv.biz/2010/11/16/skandal-v-ssha-amerika-okazalas-pribezhishhem-fashistov/

, : : , -

, 27 2009 , http://www.soborslav.ru/public/?item=56, : ,

, . 1, , 2010. , 110, 20.06.2009.


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, : - , http://www.km.ru/ukraina/2011/05/30/vnutripoliticheskaya-s i t u a t s i y a - n a - u k r a i n e / f a s h i z m - n a - u k r a i n e -nasazhdaetsya-na-pr

Hitlerovi evropski pomagai, 24.06.2009., http://www.pescanik.net/content/view/3333/1134/

anovi, Maja: Koliko je faizam kotao svet, 09 maj2011., http://www.akter.co.rs/drutvo/3631-koliko-je-faizam-kotao-svet.html

, : -, RT, , 24. 12. 2010.

Resume

Considering the fact that fascism has obviously been revi-ved, there is a social and scientic need to make an analysis of itagain. In this sense author of the text supports a hypothesis thatcontemporary fascism is a result of a post-modern or an aspi-ration of the USA and people controlling them to create a newworld or a New World Order with one world government for our

planet. In this sense fascism has been politically (mis)used, beca-use this order needs extremists as some sort of warriors againstdisobedient governments and states in Christian part of theworld, just like they have used Muslim extremists (from Al Qaeda

to Muslim Brothers) in the world where there is dominant num-ber of members of this religion.For purpose of important argumentation to substantiate

this authors claim the author presented one event in the Uni-ted Nations when Russia proposed the Resolution which invitedmembers of the UN to ght against celebration of fascism. The

Resolution was supported by 129 states and among great powersonly the USA was against it. In other words, 129 states stated that

they wanted to ght against celebration of fascism on their terri-tories and America stated quite the opposite thing that it wasnecessary to celebrate fascism and so it did not sign the proposeddocument. This is interesting in particular for the fact that theUSA fought against fascism during the Second World War and


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nowadays they do not mind it. Is it due to the fact that the USA is(again) placing fascists in rst ghting rows against Russia?

Even Iran and Israel have reached a consent regarding this

matter, which has never happened before, and America made amove against everybody.

In regard to this thing both the USA ofcials and the mediahave kept silent. However, during this year the USA published do-cuments which proved that after the Second World War there wascollaboration of this state with former fascists. This collaborati-ons objective was a battle against the USSR. It was collaborationwith most ardent Nazi staff that was in charge for operationaliza-

tion of fascist objectives into life. They made ethnic cleansing andmany crimes against humanity. The USA started collaborationwith these people after the break down of Nazi Germany. It is in

particular interesting that Baltic SS battalions survived the warand appeared in the USA the collaboration started with them,too, with the objective to defeat USSR.

Decision to use the Nazi people in the battle against the US-SR was a decisive event which made relations between the USA

and USSR deteriorate, but this decision was also a basis for vari-ous later violations of human rights and offences of Washingtonin the name of the battle against Communism. The Pact with the

Devil served for secret anti-democratic involvements into theaffairs of other states.

However, the USA and European Union have not given upthe services of the Nazis. Development of fascism in the East of

Europe, ranging from Baltic states, Ukraine and Romania to Bul-

garia clearly proves that modern fascism has been supported bythe USA and European Union and that their savagery and evenredrawing of history in this part of the world has not been con-victed by the West.

30. 2011. 19. 2011. .


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* -

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, ; , -

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, - , , 1992. - .1 -, ,

. - , - , - - - .2

1 , , ,

, 2007, . 95.2 . , -

, 92, , 2002, Ramet Sabrina,Balkan Babel,Westviewpress, Boulder, 2002, , Raju G.C. Thomas, Sovereignity, Self determination and Secession, YugoslaviaUnraveled(ed. Raju Thomas), Lexington Books, Boulder, 2003.


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. , , , -

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- .

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, - (

), , , buffer zone- a , , - . , 1948. , , - - , . , - , , , -

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.7, -

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1996. New Republic .

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, - .10,

, , - , , , .

, -, , - ,

7 , , , , 2005, . 60.8 Helbrunn Jacob, Lind Michael, The Third American Empire, with a Balkan

Frontier,International Herald Tribune, 4. januar 1996.

9 , : -, , . 4, 22, , 2008, . 106.

10 , , . , , 1996, . 229.


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-- -,

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, Aid Memoire-

28.03.121991. - , , 1990. - , . 1991. , -

. , ( , 1991. ) -

, , , , - . - , , 1991. .

1990. 1991. , . - , - . , ; , , , , - -

12 , , , -, 1997, . 258.


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uti poseditis. - - - . () - - ,

- , - .

-

. - , 15. 1989. , - -.14 ,

13 , , , -, 1994, . 94.

14 Zimmerman Warren, Origins of Cathastrophe, Times Books, New York, 1996,str. 8.


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,15 , , - . . - 1989. ,

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. 1990. , -. 1990.

.

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..18 , 1990. - -

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18 , , . , , 1996, . 197.

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. , , -

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- , -, ( ) - , , - -

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- . 1992. , - (, , ) , ().22 - ( : (), ?23 ), - .

. , -, ( )

22 , , , , 1997, .279.

23 , , -,, 27. 1994, Raju Thomas, Sovereignity, Self

determination and Secession, Yugoslavia Unraveled (ed. Raju Thomas), Le-xington Books, Boulder, 2003, . 7-8.


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, - -

. 1992. . -. , ( ) - open ended , -. ,

, (twin track): , - - 2) .,

, - lift and strike - . 1994. , ( - ), - ,

: - - ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) -

.24 ( 1993. -, ) , - . -

4. 1994. - ( )

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, 18. . - - -

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, ,

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,

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- 1999. , .25

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., -

25 Gibbs David,First dono Harm, Humanitarian Intervention and destruction of Yugoslavia, VanderbilleUniversity Press, Nashville, 2009, str. 25-30.


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1992. -,

, , : - ... ... : ,

. , , -

- - . ,

.26 - , , - - .

Aleksandar Sasa Gajic

U. S. AND DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA:

THE TWENTY-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

Summary

This paper examines the role of U. S. policy during thebreakup of Yugoslavia from the twenty-year perspective having inmind com mon experts opinion about existing of two phases; the

rst one in which United States declarative advocated for thepreservation of Yugoslavia although German demands the recog-nition of independence of Slovenia and Croatia, and the second

26 US Department of Defense,Defence Planing Guidance, FY1992-1999, February23. 1992.


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one begins in 1992 - when United States began to lead in advo-cated for the independence recognition of all Yugoslav republicsand the punishment of Serbia. This paper analyses the evolution

of the process of disintegration of SFRY, keeping in mind the in-terference of U. S. in the Yugoslav crisis, its strategic prioritiesand objectives, and indisputable outcomes that are correspon-ding to these objectives. In according to this we can argue thatUnited States was driven by their personal interests, political re-asons, which varied in accordance to specic international si-tuations and the eld situations, and they demanded clear and

strategic action.

Keywords: United States, the disintegration of Yugoslavia, civil,geostrategic interests, humanitarian interventio-nism.

, -, , , 1997.

, , ,, 1997.

Gibbs David,First do no Harm, Humanitarian Interventionand destruction of Yugoslavia, Vanderbille UniversityPress, Nashville, 2009.

, ,92, , 2002.

Zimmerman Warren, Origins of Cathastrophe, Times Bo-oks, New York, 1996.

, , . , -, 1996.

, , , , 2007.

, , , , 1994.

, , , , 2002.

, , ,, 27. 1994.

, : - , ,. 4, 22, , 200


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, - 1991-1995, , - - , -

, 2005.US Department of Defense, Defence Planing Guidance,

FY1992-1999, February 23. 1992.Helbrunn Jacob, Lind Michael, The Third American Em-

pire, with a Balkan Frontier,International Herald Tri-bune, 4. januar 1996.

, , , , 2005.Yugoslavia Unraveled: Sovereignity, Selfdetermination

and Secession, (ed. Raju Thomas), Lexington Books,Boulder, 2003.

Resume

Even two decades after disintegration of the Socialist Fede-ral Republic of Yugoslavia prevailing views on important causesof its disintegration and the role of internal and external factors

in this process have not been made clear interpretations of thisprocess have not been substantially, comprehensively and trust-worthily based in regard to mainly propagandist views of the con-

icted sides in the conict within the SFRY of that time. The SFRYwas disintegrated at the end of the Cold War epoch due to aninteraction of external and internal causes acting in a cumulativeway. Internal causes for the disintegration of Yugoslavia were: aworsening socio-economic situation on territory of the whole fe-

deration followed by disintegration of communist paradigm, theConstitutional and general legal fragmentation that had created

parallel state fragmentation, different interest perspective of theRepublic political authorities who used the issue of nationalismfor a skillful mobilization of the peoples within their own fede-ral units, paralysis of institutions, moral decline, corruption anddisorientation External causes of the disintegration were bothdirect and indirect ones and impacts of internationals factors on

domestic factors were both public and secret ones, primarily withthe objective of accomplishing their own interests and strategic

plans.From this retrospective view author of the text attempted to

reconsider the role of politics of the United States in the period


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of disintegration of Yugoslavia, by considering experts commonviews in regard to two phases of the disintegration rst phaseof the USAs declarative support for preservation of the SFRY

in contrast to demands of Germany for recognition of indepen-dence of Slovenia and Croatia and second phase starting fromthe beginning of 1992 when the USA started to lead the way of

supporting recognition of independence of all Yugoslav republicsand punishment of Serbia, that is, the Federal Republic of Yugo-

slavia. This highly simplied picture on the role of the USA in theevents which took place in Balkan during 1990s is scienticallyuntenable. The USA was the key external factor whose activity

was of great importance for the outbreak, duration and outcomeof the war and the peace-negotiations. They had great inuenceon international institutions and other international factors. Theimages created in American media directly inuenced establis-hment of stereotypes in international public opinion and deter-mined opinions toward conicted sides and duration and conse-quences of such activity have not changed much up to this day.Their military support as well as their later direct intervention (in

Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo and Metohija) turned the-se regions into international protectorates in which America hasdecisive word. In addition to this, the outcome of disintegrationof the SFRY undoubtedly shows that on its territory the USA hasachieved almost all of its strategic objectives: political, economic,military and geopolitical ones. On the basis of all this one shouldtake into consideration a hypothesis that in all phases of Yugo-

slav crisis the USA were primarily lead by the motives of interest

and real politics that have been changing its forms or the ways ofgetting involved into the crisis depending on the state of interna-tional affairs and situation on the eld due to the fact that these

strategic objectives could not be achieved without a clear andconsequent strategic activity. By taking over the crisis manage-ment and formation of a so-called humanitarian interventiondoctrine the USA consistently accomplished their strategic objec-tives in the environment of altered balance of the world powers,

having in mind traditional signicance of Balkan within the sout-heastern part of Euro pe-Mediterranean Rimland.

By using interests of other foreign players in the regionaldomain, the USA gradually took over strategic initiative fromthem and then partly satised and suppressed their appetites and


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then kept their unquestionable hegemonic role for themselves,which then provided them with opportunity for further realizationof their geo-strategic objectives: prevention of enrollment of the

newly-created states into interest spheres of other internationalfactors and prevention of their political radicalization as well asfurther geo-political spreading toward the East and, within thisobjective, strategic cooperation with real or potential allied partof Muslim world.

21. 2011. 19. 2011. .


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KOSOVO ET METOCHIE- UNE INTRODUCTION A LA TRAGEDIEDES TERRES A HAUT RISQUE ........................... 123-149

.................................. 151-170

. A ...................................................... 171-222


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: , , , , -, , , .


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-, . , , , , .

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1 , , , , , , , .

, , . , . - . . , , , . 3, , 2009, 99-101.


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- 3. , , , - , - .

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- , , - . , . , -

, , -: , , , . , , - , .

, ,

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. , - . , , , illo tempore,

. , , - . , -


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.

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, : , , , -4.

,

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4 K. G. Jung, Simboli preobraaja, KD Atos, Beograd, 2005, 33.


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, -

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Bojan Jovanovic

VALUATION OF NATIONAL TRADITION

Summary

Preservation of national cultural tradition is one of mostimportant national interests. Within this process one important

factor for preservation of the tradition is its valuation. This va-

luation is based on an appropriate framework regarding the cul-tural heritage which prevents extremes or radical impeachmentor glorication regarding the cultural heritage. Author of the textunderlined appropriate relations toward various contents of cul-tural past taking into consideration the fact that even traditionmight be characterized by some changes. Certain valuables thatare important for understanding of ones own cultural past have

survived time and are archived in museums. In contrast to them,

some of these contents of cultural past such as the clothes, foodand beverage and elements of national architecture may be actu-alized, revived and well cared for as a part of material and spi-ritual culture, artistic creation and folk heritage. Such relationtoward the cultural heritage underlines a live tradition which hasexisted even in some transformed and transgured traditional va-lues which are related to our daily life. In case of the language,behavior and norms the tradition lives even in our contemporary

culture and therefore it is of crucial importance to recognize, de-signate and valuate it.

Key Words: culture, past, tradition, framework, valuables, lan-guage, religion, Christianity


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99

. , , - , . 3, , 2009.

. , , , . 1. , 2011.

. , , , ,2009.

. , , ,19. , , 2011.

K. G. Jung, Simboli preobraaja, KD Atos, Beograd, 2005.. , 8. -

, , , 2010.

Resume

Preservation of cultural tradition is one of the most impor-tant interests for all countries. Current attitudes towards the tra-

dition values are a consequence of the absence of the appropriateform that would allow their proper revaluation. Such pattern wo-uld imply the continuity that is achieved through constant chan-

ges. That continuity is reected in the transmission of culturalexperiences and its constant enrichment. In modern society theimportance of cultural tradition is relativized in the context of

free elections and the formation of their identity. Although weoften deny our own tradition we are faced with the facts that it is

present all around us, it is alive and that we cant easily contra-dict its value. Tradition is an important factor of our identity. Itis shaping our mentality and certain character traits that deneour relationship to the world and to others; it is recognized as ourdestiny. The tradition is a very complex phenomenon that is con-

stantly changing over time. Today we are faced with the absenceof long-term cultural plan in which the traditional national valueswould be adequately threatened. Collectivity as an identity gu-

ardian has an obligation to take care of cultural heritage and toadequately represent tradition.

19. 2011. 19. 2011. .


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323(497.1):323.1(=163.41)1937/1980

NATIONAL INTEREST

VII, vol. 11 2/2011.

. 101-122

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:- ,

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. 1937-1974. .

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je ao .2

: , , ,, , .3 - - , , . : , . 1918. - , , . -

1 , - , , . 1 (2009), ,2009, . 199.

2 8. XII 1935.3 , 2. XII 1935.


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V - 19-23. 1940. 108 - - . - . . ,

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4 -, , -, 1976, . 220.


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-, , .

, , de facto 1945. , , 27. 1941, , - 1944. , .

1941. . 1942. . , , , - ; ,

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11 , , III , 1984, . 142.


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111

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117/363

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, .13

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, - . , , , -, - , , - .14

, . 1974. . . - 1974. , .

1952. , ,

13 , 1944-1950,, 2009, . 128-129.

14 , . 1, 27. 1945.


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114

(, , ).

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1960. : , ( , ). , , . . , ,

.15

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15 , , 2003, . 16.

16 , ,, 1966, . 408.


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115

. : -

, , - .17

1945. - , , . , .

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116

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117

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1945-1980. - , -

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, . - : ( - 1939-41; 1941-1945; , -; ; - . ! : () ()! , : : , .21

, 2000, . 550.20 , . 551.21 , , , , 1995, . 172.


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118

80- ( , .),16.312 , 12 ,

36 , 268 , 1.673 - 1941, 2.300 -, 1.618 , 23 , 99 . , , 55.663 , 28.661 . , , , , ? ?22

1. 1966, . , . . , , .

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119

? - ,

, , . ( 1966. ) , , -, , , ( , , , )

; , ,

, - .23

. - 6. 1962. .

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- 1937-1980,

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1918. , , -

,

.

Branko Nadoveza

TITO AND SERBS

Summary

This paper deals with the role of Josip Broz Tito in the nar-

rowing of the Serbian ethnic and territorial space for the benet ofother people Croats, Muslims, Montenegrins and Macedonians.Tito was doing this under the guise of communist ideology and

position on a permanent great serbian danger. Titos Yugoslaviawas a state of balance which was based on the thesis weakSerbia, strong Yugoslavia, which is logically absurd and politi-cally a unnished state.

Keywords: Josip Broz Tito, Serbian people, Yugoslavia, Commu-

nist Party of Yugoslavia, League of Communists ofYugoslavia.

Ameriki Srbobran, 2. XII 1935.Dedijer, Vladimir Novi prilozi za biograju JB Tita, IIItom, Beograd, 1984.

Demokratija,br. 1, 27. septembar 1945.Jugoslvenski list 8. XII 1935.JB Tito, Autobiografska kazivanja, Beograd, 1982.JB Tito, Nacionalno pitanje u Jugoslaviji u svjetlosti

narodno-oslobodilake borbe,Proleter, br. 16. decembar

1942.Kosti, Lazo M. , Jugoslovenstvo i komunizam, Sabranadela, tom 8, Beograd, 2000.

Kosti, Lazo M., Srpska nacionalna tradicija, Sabranadela, tom 6, Beograd, 2000.


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Lempi, Don,Jugoslavija kao istorija, Beograd, 2004.Markovi, Jovan, Geografske oblasti SFRJ,Beograd, 1966.Milievi, Nataa,Jugoslovenska vlast i srpsko graanstvo

1944-1950, Beograd, 2009.Mrdulja, Saa, Prostorno-demografski rezultati Srpske

agresije u Bosni I Hercegovini, asopis za suvremenupovjest, br. 1, Zagreb, 2009.

Pavlovi, Blagoje,Naselja i migracija stanovnitva optineLeposavi, Leposavi, 2003.

Peta zemaljska konferencija KPJ, Arhiv CK SKJ.Proki, Lazar,Zapisi iz tuine, prva knjiga, Beograd, 1995.

Siton-Votson, Korespondencija, Zagreb-London, 1976.Zeri i Populit, 17. maj 1981.Vasi, Miroljub Brionski plenum CK SKJ 1966, poetak

kraja Jugoslavije, Leskovaki zbornik, Leskovac, 2010.

Resume

The specic historical background and Josip Broz Titospersonal involment has led to ethnic and territorial narrowing ofSerbian people to the area before the Balkan wars. He imposedcreating the two Serbian provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina, and atthe same time he did not allow Croatia in the area where Serbian

people lived to establish autonomy. Also, territorial demarcationof Serbia provoked the taking away of Baranja, Eastern Slavo-nia and Western Srem and their connection to Croatia. The idea

of (con) federalism of Yugoslavia was taken over from CroatianPeasant Party and Briti

Nacionalni Interes br 2 - 2011

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Transcript of Nacionalni Interes br 2 - 2011